Design and pedagogical practices of an Inuit-focused Bachelor of Education program in Labrador

Footnotes [1] Level V is the normal certification level for graduates entering the profession; higher certification levels (Level VI and VII) are acquired through advanced study, such as graduate certificates or degrees.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Opening Spaces for Indigenous Teaching and Learning through Community- Based Teacher Education

Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge research funding by ArcticNet Centre for Research Excellence, and Dr. Sandy McAuley, as Primary Investigator on the broader ArcticNet project. We also acknowledge the students, faculty, and staff who shared stories, and allowed their stories to be further sharedPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Insoluble Residue Studies of the Columbus and Delaware Limestones in Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10 ; Columbus, Ohio ; Standard Oil Company of Texas, Houston Texas and Lion Oil Company, Denver Colorad

Parent escalation of care for the deteriorating child in hospital: A health-care improvement study

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of an intervention for parents to escalate care if concerned about their child's clinical condition. Design: Mixed-methods health-care improvement approach guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework. Methods: Implementation of the ‘Calling for Help’ (C4H) intervention was informed by previously identified barriers and facilitators. Evaluation involved audit, review of clinical deterioration incidents, interviews and focus groups. Setting: Australian specialist paediatric hospital. Participants: Convenience sample of 75 parents from inpatient areas during the audit, interviews with ten parents who had expressed concern about their child's clinical condition; five focus groups with 35 ward nurses. Main outcome measures: Parent awareness and utilization of C4H, parent and nurse views of factors influencing implementation. Results: Parent awareness of C4H improved to 35% (25/75). Parent concern was documented prior to 21/174 (12%) clinical deterioration events. All interviewed parents and nurses who participated in focus groups were positive about C4H. Parents preferred to be informed about C4H by nurses, but nurses described this as time-consuming and selectively chose parents who they believed would benefit most. Parents and nurses described frustrations with and trepidation in escalating care. Nurses had used C4H to expedite urgent medical review. Conclusions: There was an improvement in the level of parent awareness of C4H, which was viewed positively by parents and nurses alike. To achieve a high level of parent awareness in a sustainable way, a multifaceted approach is required. Further strategies will be required for parents to feel confident enough to use C4H and to address interprofessional communication barriers

Modified Gravity via Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

We construct effective field theories in which gravity is modified via spontaneous breaking of local Lorentz invariance. This is a gravitational analogue of the Higgs mechanism. These theories possess additional graviton modes and modified dispersion relations. They are manifestly well-behaved in the UV and free of discontinuities of the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov type, ensuring compatibility with standard tests of gravity. They may have important phenomenological effects on large distance scales, offering an alternative to dark energy. For the case in which the symmetry is broken by a vector field with the wrong sign mass term, we identify four massless graviton modes (all with positive-definite norm for a suitable choice of a parameter) and show the absence of the discontinuity.Comment: 5 pages; revised versio

Protocol for studying cough frequency in people with pulmonary tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Cough is a key symptom of tuberculosis (TB) as well as the main cause of transmission. However, a recent literature review found that cough frequency (number of coughs per hour) in patients with TB has only been studied once, in 1969. The main aim of this study is to describe cough frequency patterns before and after the start of TB treatment and to determine baseline factors that affect cough frequency in these patients. Secondarily, we will evaluate the correlation between cough frequency and TB microbiological resolution. METHODS: This study will select participants with culture confirmed TB from 2 tertiary hospitals in Lima, Peru. We estimated that a sample size of 107 patients was sufficient to detect clinically significant changes in cough frequency. Participants will initially be evaluated through questionnaires, radiology, microscopic observation drug susceptibility broth TB-culture, auramine smear microscopy and cough recordings. This cohort will be followed for the initial 60 days of anti-TB treatment, and throughout the study several microbiological samples as well as 24 h recordings will be collected. We will describe the variability of cough episodes and determine its association with baseline laboratory parameters of pulmonary TB. In addition, we will analyse the reduction of cough frequency in predicting TB cure, adjusted for potential confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been obtained from the ethics committees at each participating hospital in Lima, Peru, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA in Lima, Peru, the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA. We aim to publish and disseminate our findings in peer-reviewed journals. We also expect to create and maintain an online repository for TB cough sounds as well as the statistical analysis employed

International Service in the Context of Globalization: Research Conference Summary Report

International Service in the Context of Globalization: Research Conference Summary Repor

Children’s wellness : outdoor learning during Covid-19 in Canada

We acknowledge and thank Laura Molyneux, the Executive Director of Cloudberry, Terri Kottwitz, Director of Forestkids and Ginny Yurick, the founder of the global programme 1000 Hours Outside for their collaborations. This article draws on research supported by the Canadian Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Symmetry Algebras in Chern-Simons Theories with Boundary: Canonical Approach

I consider the classical Kac-Moody algebra and Virasoro algebra in Chern-Simons theory with boundary within the Dirac's canonical method and Noether procedure. It is shown that the usual (bulk) Gauss law constraint becomes a second-class constraint because of the boundary effect. From this fact, the Dirac bracket can be constructed explicitly without introducing additional gauge conditions and the classical Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras are obtained within the usual Dirac method. The equivalence to the symplectic reduction method is presented and the connection to the Ba\~nados's work is clarified. It is also considered the generalization to the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory where the diffeomorphism symmetry is broken by the (three-dimensional) Yang-Mills term. In this case, the same Kac-Moody algebras are obtained although the two theories are sharply different in the canonical structures. The both models realize the holography principle explicitly and the pure CS theory reveals the correspondence of the Chern-Simons theory with boundary/conformal field theory, which is more fundamental and generalizes the conjectured anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence.Comment: 27 pages, No figures. Notes and references added. to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Dynamics of Cough Frequency in Adults Undergoing Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Background: Cough is the major determinant of tuberculosis transmission. Despite this, there is a paucity of information regarding characteristics of cough frequency throughout the day and in response to tuberculosis therapy. Here we evaluate the circadian cycle of cough, cough frequency risk factors, and the impact of appropriate treatment on cough and bacillary load. Methods: We prospectively evaluated human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults (n = 64) with a new diagnosis of culture-proven, drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis immediately prior to treatment and repeatedly until treatment day 62. At each time point, participant cough was recorded (n = 670) and analyzed using the Cayetano Cough Monitor. Consecutive coughs at least 2 seconds apart were counted as separate cough episodes. Sputum samples (n = 426) were tested with microscopic-observation drug susceptibility broth culture, and in culture-positive samples (n = 252), the time to culture positivity was used to estimate bacillary load. Results: The highest cough frequency occurred from 1 pm to 2 pm, and the lowest from 1 am to 2 am (2.4 vs 1.1 cough episodes/hour, respectively). Cough frequency was higher among participants who had higher sputum bacillary load (P < .01). Pretreatment median cough episodes/hour was 2.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.2-4.1), which at 14 treatment days decreased to 0.48 (IQR, 0.0-1.4) and at the end of the study decreased to 0.18 (IQR, 0.0-0.59) (both reductions P < .001). By 14 treatment days, the probability of culture conversion was 29% (95% confidence interval, 19%-41%). Conclusions: Coughs were most frequent during daytime. Two weeks of appropriate treatment significantly reduced cough frequency and resulted in one-third of participants achieving culture conversion. Thus, treatment by 2 weeks considerably diminishes, but does not eliminate, the potential for airborne tuberculosis transmission