A Unified Nomenclature and Taxonomy for Planets, Stars, and Moons

I solve the problem of nomenclature of planets, stars, and moons, and in doing so repair two of the IAU's blunders. Drawing and improving upon foundational work by Chen & Kipping, I describe a single, physics-based taxonomy that christens all objects in hydrostatic equilibrium as "stars," a category that contains several subcategories based on the relevant pressure terms in the equation of state. I also acknowledge dynamical considerations, which allow me to describe a single designation scheme for all "stars" following the Washington Multiplicity Catalog convention. Under this unified scheme, what we used to call "Planet Earth" is now the moon rock "star" Sun Da.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 5 sections (1 of them is boring

Characterization and production of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) in Mexico using supplemented sawdust

The cultivation of shiitake in Latin America started during the early 1980's, and several attempts for its commercial cultivation have been carried out during the last decade in Guatemala, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. However, a major constrain has been the lack of basic research, allowing further development. In this work, we studied two genotypes of Lentinula edodes (CP-7 and CP-163) selected from 16 strains being used in the region at different levels, in order to assess their mycelial growth rate in Petri dishes, as well as yield (biologic efficiency, production rate) and quality of fruit bodies, using 10 different formulations of supplemented sawdust from a common Mexican oak tree (Quercus acutifolia Neé). The best mycelial development was 8.5 mm/day for the genotype CP-163 cultivated on 70% Quercus sawdust, 10% corn-cobs, 10% maize stubble, 7% wheat bran and 3% rice meal. The highest yield was recorded in the genotype CP-7, using 60% Quercus sawdust, 28.5% corn-cobs, 10% maize stubble, 1.5% gypsum, thiamine (100 mg/kg), and magnesium sulfate (20 g/100 kg); reaching a biologic efficiency of 103%, a production rate of 1.3, and a high proportion (41.8%) of fruit bodies, having good commercial quality (41 to 70 g fresh weight, > 12 cm cap diameter and 96.5% of regular shape). On the basis of this study, this last genotype and formulation was recommended, as well as to establish a breeding program at the molecular level for shiitake production on a large scale in Mexico or other Latin American countries.Keywords: Edible mushrooms, genotypes, substrates, mycelial growth rate, biologic efficienc

AQUEOUS REMOVAL OF ARSENIC (III) USING ACID TREATED DEVDARU (POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA) LEAF POWDER

The present study investigates the use of acid treated devdaru leaf powder (Polyalthia Longifolia) for adsorptive removal of arsenite from arsenite spiked distilled water. Adsorptions were studied at temperature 303K by batch processes. Rapid equilibrium was reached within 90 mins. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to best correlate to the experimental data. Adsorption equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. The Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 1.51 mg/g. This work can be used to remove As(III) from drinking water by using low cost adsorbent

Structural and magnetization behaviors of Ni substituted Li-Mg ferrites

Magnetization behaviors of Ni-substituted LixMg0.5Ni0.5-2xFe2+xO4 ferrites, where x = 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.00 synthesized by standard ceramic technology sintered at 1300°C in air for 5 hours has been presented in the present study. The bulk density and lattice constants of the samples found to be decreased with the increase in the Ni-content for the x values from 0.25 to 0.00. DC electrical resistivity has found to show highest magnitude at room temperature and decreases with further increase in temperature. Magnetization of the samples has been measured as a function of the field using hysteresis loop tracer at 30°C. It was observed that addition of nickel in polycrystalline Li-Mg ferrites plays an important role in modification of structural and magnetization characteristics

An Assessment of the Family Asteraceae at Shadullapur Upazila of Gaibandha District, Bangladesh with Particular Reference to Medicinal Plants

An assessment of the family Asteraceae at Sadullapur upazila of Gaibandha district, Bangladesh was carried out from August 2014 to October 2015. A total of 32 species under 27 genera belonging to the family Asteraceae were collected and identified. Frequent field trips were made during August 2014 to October 2015 to record medicinal information by interviewing local people of various age groups, mostly ranging between 18 to 67 years, including medicinal healers (herbalists/hakims). A total of 28 plant species under 24 genera of the family Asteraceae have been documented which are used for the treatment of 57 diseases/illness. In majority cases, leaves of the medicinal plants were found leading in terms of their use followed by whole plant, stem, bark, flower, seed and root. For each species scientific name, local name, chromosome number, voucher number, ailments to be treated and part(s) used are provided.

Livestreaming Vico: Imagination and the Ecology of Literacy in Online Gaming

The following research thesis seeks to understand the connection between Giambattista Vico’s conception of imagination and literacy in online spaces. This research delves into how users of the video game based live streaming platform Twitch.tv utilize imagination in written communication primarily through pictographs commonly referred to as emotes, and how broadcasters and moderators on the platform act as literacy sponsors for these unique language practices on the platform

Penambahan Inokulan Mikroba Selulolitik Pada Pengomposan Jerami Padi Untuk Media Tanam Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus)

Recently, the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) has increased enormously because of some reasons. Mushroom growers utilize sawdust, byproduct of timber industry as main substrate in fruiting body production. Consequently, the availability of sawdust becomes an obstacle during mushroom cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effetivity of paddy rice straw as an alternative substrate in oyster mushroom cultivation. The paddy rice straw was inoculated with a cellulolytic microbs during composting process. They are Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus Niger. The result showed that the fastest growing mycelia by fully colonizing 1.1 kg size baglog was obtained when the paddy rice straw was treated with B. subtilis (63.00 days), followed by the treatment with P. aeruginosa (63.67 days), A. Niger (65.00 days), T. harzianum (67.33 days), and negative control (67.33 days) respectively. On the other hand, the treatment of P. aeruginosa gaved the highest production of fruiting body (123.33g) followed by the treatment with B. subtilis (113.33g), A. Niger (90.00g), control (83.33g) and T. harzianum (78.33g) per bag log over 2 period of time harvesting

Ethnobotanical Study of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by the Santal Tribal Practitioners at the Village Jamtala of Chapai Nawabganj District, Bangladesh

Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used by the Santal tribal practitioners at the village Jamtala of Chapai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh was recorded. Frequent field trips were made during July 2013 to June 2015 to record ethno-medicinal data by interviewing Santal tribal practitioners of various age groups, mostly ranging between 22 to 84 years, including medicinal healers (herbalists/hakims). A total of 146 plant species under 126 genera of 64 families have been documented which are used for the treatment of 102 categories aliments/diseases. Out of these plants species, 59 belonged to herbs, 45 trees, 24 shrubs, and 18 climbers. In majority cases, leaves of the medicinal plants were found leading in terms of their use followed by 29.80% fruits, 36.42% roots, 19.20% bark, 24.50% whole plant, 9.93% stem, 2.65% latex, 1.32% bulb, 10.60% rhizomes, 9.27% seed, 4.63% gum, 1.32 % leaf stalks,1.32% petiole, 9.93% flower, 2.65% juice, 1.99% cotton, 0.67% pericarp, 2.65% young buds, 0.67% pods, 1.32% grain, 0.67% central tender part. For each species scientific name, local name, habit, family, ailments to be treated, mode of treatment and part(s) used are documented. Collected information depicts that Santal  tribes largely depend on medicinal plants to meet their primary health care needs

Influence of Land Use and Rainfall on Carbon Stock Dynamics for Oil Palm and Rubber

The expansion of agricultural commodities including oil palm plantations potentially causes an increase of greenhouse gas emissions by amplifying carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In the long term, this amplification will alter climate change. However, oil palm also has the potency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the carbon stock that can be absorbed by oil palm and rubber plants, and to determine the relationship of rainfall with carbon stock in oil palm plants. The study used satellite image data based on Landsat and combined with rainfall data from near Perbaungan District, North Sumatra.  Three Landsat data (acquisition date: (i) 12 February 2000, (ii) 8 March 2009, and (iii) 11 August 2019) were processed to estimate carbon stock. The procedure for estimating carbon stock was as follows: determining the sample and digitizing the sampling points, converting the digital value of the numbers into the spectral spectrum, calculating the albedo values, calculating the long-wave and short-wave radiations, computing biomass, and the absorbed carbon stock. The results showed that the carbon stock in oil palm was greater than that of rubber plants as oil palm has a greater biomass. The greater the plant biomass, the bigger the carbon stock absorbed. Further, the findings revealed that rainfall in dry season has a contribution to carbon stock in oil palm and rubber. The higher the total rainfall during dry season will increase the absorbed carbon stocks.The expansion of agricultural commodities including oil palm plantations potentially causes an increase of greenhouse gas emissions by amplifying carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. In the long term, this amplification will alter climate change. However, oil palm also has the potency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by absorbing CO2 through photosynthesis. This study aims to determine the carbon stock that can be absorbed by oil palm and rubber plants, and to determine the relationship of rainfall with carbon stock in oil palm plants. The study used satellite image data based on Landsat and combined with rainfall data from near Perbaungan District, North Sumatra.  Three Landsat data (acquisition date: (i) 12 February 2000, (ii) 8 March 2009, and (iii) 11 August 2019) were processed to estimate carbon stock. The procedure for estimating carbon stock was as follows: determining the sample and digitizing the sampling points, converting the digital value of the numbers into the spectral spectrum, calculating the albedo values, calculating the long-wave and short-wave radiations, computing biomass, and the absorbed carbon stock. The results showed that the carbon stock in oil palm was greater than that of rubber plants as oil palm has a greater biomass. The greater the plant biomass, the bigger the carbon stock absorbed. Further, the findings revealed that rainfall in dry season has a contribution to carbon stock in oil palm and rubber. The higher the total rainfall during dry season will increase the absorbed carbon stocks