Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for rapid screening of the pesticides thiabendazole and tetraconazole in wheat

[EN] Fluorescence polarization immunoassays (FPIAs) for thiabendazole and tetraconazole were first developed. Tracers for FPIAs of thiabendazole and tetraconazole were synthesized and the tracers' structures were confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS. The 4-aminomethylfluorescein-labeled tracers allowed achieving the best assay sensitivity and minimum reagent consumption in comparison with aminofluorescein-labeled and alkyldiaminefluoresceinthiocarbamyl-labeled tracers. Measurements of fluorescence polarization were performed using a portable device. The developed FPIA methods were applied for the analysis of wheat. Fast and simple sample preparation technique earlier developed by authors for pesticides was adapted for thiabendazole and tetraconazole. The limits of detection of thiabendazole and tetraconazole in wheat were 20 and 200g/kg, and the lower limits of quantification were 40 and 600g/kg, respectively. The recovery test was performed by two methodsFPIA and HPLC-MS/MS. The results obtained by FPIA correlated well with those obtained by HPLC-MS/MS (r(2)=0.9985 for thiabendazole, r(2)=0.9952 for tetraconazole). Average recoveries of thiabendazole and tetraconazole were 744% and 723% by FPIA, and average recoveries of thiabendazole and tetraconazole were 86 +/- 2% and 74 +/- 1% by HPLC-MS/MS (n=15).The work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 14-16-00149).Boroduleva, AY.; Manclus Ciscar, JJ.; Montoya, Á.; Eremin, SA. (2018). Fluorescence polarization immunoassay for rapid screening of the pesticides thiabendazole and tetraconazole in wheat. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 410(26):6923-6934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1296-zS6923693441026Robinson HJ, Stoerk HC, Graessle OE. Studies on the toxicologic and pharmacologic properties of thiabendazole. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1965;7:53–63.Abbassy MA, Marzouk MA, Nasr HM, Mansy AS. Effect of imidacloprid and tetraconazole on various hematological and biochemical parameters in male albino rats (Rattus norvegious). J Pol Sci Pub Aff. 2014;2:7.European Commission, Regulation (EC) No 2017/1164 amending Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for acrinathrin, metalaxyl and thiabendazole in or on certain products. Off J EU L170. 2017:3–30.Hygienic standard GN 1.2.3539-18. Hygienic standards for pesticide residues in environmental samples (list). 2018. In Russian. 〈 http://docs.cntd.ru/document/557532326 . Accessed 07.07.2018).European Commission, Regulation (EC) No 822/2009 amending Annexes II, III and IV to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum residue levels for azoxystrobin, atrazine, chlormequat, cyprodinil, dithiocarbamates, fludioxonil, fluroxypyr, indoxacarb, mandipropamid, potassium tri-iodide, spirotetramat, tetraconazole, and thiram in or on certain products. Off J EU L239. 2009:5–45.García-Fernández M, Díaz-Álvarez M, Martín-Esteban A. Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the micro solid-phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus samples. J Sep Sci. 2017;40:2638–44.Yu QW, Sun H, Wang K, He HB, Feng YQ. Monitoring of carbendazim and thiabendazole in fruits and vegetables by SiO2@ NiO-based solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. Food Anal Methods. 2017;10:2892–901.Alves AA, Rodrigues AS, Barros EBP, Uekane TM, Bizzo HR, Rezende CM. Determination of pesticides residues in Brazilian grape juices using GC-MS-SIM. Food Anal Methods. 2014;7:1834–9.Zhang H, Qian M, Wang X, Wang X, Xu H, Qi P, et al. Analysis of tebuconazole and tetraconazole enantiomers by chiral HPLC-MS/MS and application to measure enantioselective degradation in strawberries. Food Anal Methods. 2012;5:1342–8.Bordagaray A, García-Arrona R, Millán E. Development and application of a screening method for triazole fungicide determination in liquid and fruit samples using solid-phase microextraction and HPLC-DAD. Anal Methods. 2013;5:2565–71.Aquino A, Navickiene S. MSPD procedure for determination of carbofuran, pyrimethanil and tetraconazole residues in banana by GC–MS. Chromatographia. 2009;70:1265–9.Dankwardt A, Pullen S, Hock B. Immunoassays: applications for the aquatic environment. In: Wells PG, Lee K, Blaise C, editors. Microscale testing in aquatic toxicology. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2018. p. 13–29.Wells MJM, Bell KY, Traexler KA, Pellegrin M-L, Morse A. Emerging pollutants. Water Environ Res. 2011;82(10):2095–70.Abad A, Manclús JJ, Moreno MJ, Montoya A. Determination of thiabendazole in fruit juices by a new monoclonal enzyme immunoassay. J AOAC Int. 2001;84:156–61.Τsialla Z, Ucles-Moreno A, Petrou P, Fernandez-Alba AR, Κakabakos SE. Development of an indirect enzyme immunoassay for the determination of thiabendazole in white and red wines. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2015;95:1299–309.Uclés A, García AV, García MDG, del Real AMA, Fernández-Alba AR. Benzimidazole and imidazole fungicide analysis in grape and wine samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal Methods. 2015;7:9158–65.Blažková M, Rauch P, Fukal L. Strip-based immunoassay for rapid detection of thiabendazole. Biosens Bioelectron. 2010;25:2122–8.Estevez MC, Belenguer J, Gomez-Montes S, Miralles J, Escuela AM, Montoya A, et al. Indirect competitive immunoassay for the detection of fungicide thiabendazole in whole orange samples by surface plasmon resonance. Analyst. 2012;137:5659–65.Cairoli S, Arnoldi A, Pagani S. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of the fungicide tetraconazole in fruits and fruit juices. J Agric Food Chem. 1996;44:3849–54.Manclús JJ, Moreno MJ, Plana E, Montoya A. Development of monoclonal immunoassays for the determination of triazole fungicides in fruit juices. J Agric Food Chem. 2008;56:8793–800.Plana E, Moreno MJ, Montoya Á, Manclús JJ. Development and application of recombinant antibody-based immunoassays to tetraconazole residue analysis in fruit juices. Food Chem. 2014;143:205–13.Feng J, Hu Y, Grant E, Lu X. Determination of thiabendazole in orange juice using an MISPE-SERS chemosensor. Food Chem. 2018;239:816–22.Smith DS, Eremin SA. Fluorescence polarization immunoassays and related methods for simple, high-throughput screening of small molecules. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2008;391:1499–07.Eremin SA, Smith DS. Fluorescence polarization immunoassays for pesticides. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen. 2003;6:257–66.Boroduleva AY, Wu J, Yang Q, Li H, Zhang Q, Li P, et al. Development of fluorescence polarization immunoassays for parallel detection of pesticides carbaryl and triazophos in wheat grains. Anal Methods. 2017;9:6814–22.Pourfarzaneh M, White GW, Landon J, Smith DS. Cortisol directly determined in serum by fluoroimmunoassay with magnetizable solid phase. Clin Chem. 1980;26:730–3.Mi T, Liang X, Ding L, Zhang S, Eremin SA, Beier RC, et al. Development and optimization of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for orbifloxacin in milk. Anal Methods. 2014;6:3849–57

Microbial contamination and chemical toxicity of the Rio Grande

BACKGROUND: The Rio Grande River is the natural boundary between U.S. and Mexico from El Paso, TX to Brownsville, TX. and is one of the major water resources of the area. Agriculture, farming, maquiladora industry, domestic activities, as well as differences in disposal regulations and enforcement increase the contamination potential of water supplies along the border region. Therefore, continuous and accurate assessment of the quality of water supplies is of paramount importance. The objectives of this study were to monitor water quality of the Rio Grande and to determine if any correlations exist between fecal coliforms, E. coli, chemical toxicity as determined by Botsford's assay, H. pylori presence, and environmental parameters. Seven sites along a 112-Km segment of the Rio Grande from Sunland Park, NM to Fort Hancock, TX were sampled on a monthly basis between January 2000 and December 2002. RESULTS: The results showed great variability in the number of fecal coliforms, and E. coli on a month-to-month basis. Fecal coliforms ranged between 0–10(6 )CFU/100 ml while E. coli ranged between 6 to > 2419 MPN. H. pylori showed positive detection for all the sites at different times. Toxicity ranged between 0 to 94% of inhibition capacity (IC). Since values above 50% are considered to be toxic, most of the sites displayed significant chemical toxicity at different times of the year. No significant correlations were observed between microbial indicators and chemical toxicity. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that the 112-Km segment of the Rio Grande river from Sunland Park, NM to Fort Hancock, TX exceeds the standards for contact recreation water on a continuous basis. In addition, the presence of chemical toxicity in most sites along the 112-Km segment indicates that water quality is an area of concern for the bi-national region. The presence of H. pylori adds to the potential health hazards of the Rio Grande. Since no significant correlation was observed between the presence of H. pylori antigens and the two indicators of fecal contamination, we can conclude that fecal indicators cannot be used to detect the presence of H. pylori reliably in surface water

Revalidación del proceso e instrumentos de evaluación de la competencia de aprendizaje y responsabilidad (nivel novel) en el ámbito de la formación práctica

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524El Grado de Farmacia-UB desarrolla el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje relacionado con la materia Farmacia Galénica en un conjunto de asignaturas impartidas secuencialmente en 1º, 3º, 4º y 5º curso del grado. Por ello, y dado el actual contexto GIDTF, se propuso desarrollar gradualmente la competencia transversal Capacidad de aprendizaje y responsabilidad asociándola a las actividades prácticas de las mencionadas asignaturas. Como instrumento de evaluación se seleccionó la rúbrica y en cuanto a la metodología de evaluación se optó, una vez consensuados los criterios de evaluación y la escala de calificación, por una modalidad de evaluación compartida (coevaluación) combinando la autoevaluación de los estudiantes con la evaluación de los profesores. Tras un proceso de armonización de 3 años se realizaron una serie de modificaciones en las rúbricas diseñadas. En el presente trabajo se..

Establishment of criteria for the selection and adaptation of objectives and indicators in ISO9001:2008 quality system in a university pharmaceutical pilot plant

The authors want to thank Álex López from LOUFARM, S.L. for his support in drafting the article.Aims: The aim of this work is the correct establishment and follow-up of quality objectives and indicators as the cornerstones of a quality assurance system, in this case focused on ISO9001. Materials and methods: In this work, the authors present the criteria that, in their view, an organization must follow for a better selection and adaptation of the ISO9001:2008 quality system objectives and indicators applied to a university pharmaceutical pilot plant. The evolution of errors in setting objectives and indicators is assessed. Results: Based on the experience of several years at the SDM (Service of Development of Medicines) at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Barcelona, the results show that the establishing of appropriate objectives and indicators is not an easy task. A careful selection of both objectives and indicators must be a compulsory step prior to the establishment of a robust, reliable quality assurance system through years. Conclusions: Experience over time proves to be a powerful tool to end up selecting the right quality objectives and indicators for such quality system. Since this task is not always easy to carry out, is necessary to set a selection of criteria in order to obtain useful information that contributes to the continuous improvement of the quality system.Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es el correcto establecimiento y seguimiento de los objetivos de calidad y sus indicadores, como pilar fundamental de un sistema de garantía de calidad, en este caso centrado en ISO9001. Material y métodos: En este trabajo, los autores presentan los criterios que, a su juicio, una organización debe seguir para una mejor selección y adaptación de objetivos e indicadores en el marco de la norma de calidad ISO9001:2008, aplicada a una planta piloto farmacéutica universitaria. Se realiza una evaluación de los errores en el establecimiento de objetivos e indicadores. Resultados: En base a la experiencia de varios años en SDM (Servicio de Desarrollo del Medicamento) en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Barcelona, los resultados muestran que el establecimiento de objetivos e indicadores apropiados no resulta una tarea sencilla. Una cuidadosa selección tanto de objetivos como de indicadores debe ser un paso obligado para el establecimiento de un sistema de aseguramiento de calidad robusto y fiable a lo largo del tiempo. Conclusiones: El aprendizaje basado en la experiencia de años demuestra ser una herramienta poderosa para acabar seleccionando los objetivos e indicadores correctos que se adapten al sistema de calidad en cuestión. Dado que este hecho no siempre resulta fácil, es necesario establecer unos criterios con el objetivo de obtener información útil que contribuya a la mejora continua del sistema de calidad

Opinión de los estudiantes de farmacia sobre la calidad de las prácticas en el ámbito de la tecnología farmacéutica.

Se presentan aquí los avances de una investigación, todavía en curso, que recoge las aportaciones de los primeros graduados sobre las competencias alcanzadas,así como la relación entre la consecución de dichas competencias y los procesos de evaluación y metodológicos seguidos. Las competencias son referentes básicos de los grados, y la mirada del graduado es especialmente interesante porque complementa la del docente, al tiempo que aporta relevantes aspectos para la mejora de la docencia

Treatment of T1D via optimized expansion of antigen-specific Tregs induced by IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody complexes and peptide/MHC tetramers.

Type 1 diabetes can be overcome by regulatory T cells (Treg) in NOD mice yet an efficient method to generate and maintain antigen-specific Treg is difficult to come by. Here, we devised a combination therapy of peptide/MHC tetramers and IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody complexes to generate antigen-specific Treg and maintain them over extended time periods. We first optimized treatment protocols conceived to obtain an improved islet-specific Treg/effector T cell ratio that led to the in vivo expansion and activation of these Treg as well as to an improved suppressor function. Optimized protocols were applied to treatment for testing diabetes prevention in NOD mice as well as in an accelerated T cell transfer model of T1D. The combined treatment led to robust protection against diabetes, and in the NOD model, to a close to complete prevention of insulitis. Treatment was accompanied with increased secretion of IL-10, detectable in total splenocytes and in Foxp3− CD4 T cells. Our data suggest that a dual protection mechanism takes place by the collaboration of Foxp3+ and Foxp3− regulatory cells. We conclude that antigen-specific Treg are an important target to improve current clinical interventions against this disease

Pharmacy student's engagement, performance and perceptions in a pilot study of cooperative learning applied to 'introduction to the galenic pharmacy' subject

Introduction to the Galenic Pharmacy (IFG) is a required subject of first-year (2nd semester) of Pharmacy Degree of the University of Barcelona (UB). This subject is very conceptual and descrip tive and contains many terms with their corre sponding definitions. It is considered the basis for the subjects of pharmaceutical technology that are studied in higher courses

Establecimiento de criterios para la selección y adaptación de objetivos e indicadores en un sistema de calidad ISO9001:2008 en una planta piloto farmacéutica universitaria

Aims: The aim of this work is the correct establishment and follow-up of quality objectives and indicators as the cornerstones of a quality assurance system, in this case focused on ISO9001.Materials and methods: In this work, the authors present the criteria that, in their view, an organization must follow for a better selection and adaptation of the ISO9001:2008 quality system objectives and indicators applied to a university pharmaceutical pilot plant. The evolution of errors in setting objectives and indicators is assessed.Results: Based on the experience of several years at the SDM (Service of Development of Medicines) at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Barcelona, the results show that the establishing of appropriate objectives and indicators is not an easy task. A careful selection of both objectives and indicators must be a compulsory step prior to the establishment of a robust, reliable quality assurance system through years.Conclusions: Experience over time proves to be a powerful tool to end up selecting the right quality objectives and indicators for such quality system. Since this task is not always easy to carry out, is necessary to set a selection of criteria in order to obtain useful information that contributes to the continuous improvement of the quality system.Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es el correcto establecimiento y seguimiento de los objetivos de calidad y sus indicadores, como pilar fundamental de un sistema de garantía de calidad, en este caso centrado en ISO9001.Material y métodos: En este trabajo, los autores presentan los criterios que, a su juicio, una organización debe seguir para una mejor selección y adaptación de objetivos e indicadores en el marco de la norma de calidad ISO9001:2008, aplicada a una planta piloto farmacéutica universitaria. Se realiza una evaluación de los errores en el establecimiento de objetivos e indicadores.Resultados: En base a la experiencia de varios años en SDM (Servicio de Desarrollo del Medicamento) en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Barcelona, los resultados muestran que el establecimiento de objetivos e indicadores apropiados no resulta una tarea sencilla. Una cuidadosa selección tanto de objetivos como de indicadores debe ser un paso obligado para el establecimiento de un sistema de aseguramiento de calidad robusto y fiable a lo largo del tiempo.Conclusiones: El aprendizaje basado en la experiencia de años demuestra ser una herramienta poderosa para acabar seleccionando los objetivos e indicadores correctos que se adapten al sistema de calidad en cuestión. Dado que este hecho no siempre resulta fácil, es necesario establecer unos criterios con el objetivo de obtener información útil que contribuya a la mejora continua del sistema de calidad

Primers resultats del Passaport a la Professió a Farmàcia

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524En el curs 2012/13, el deganat de la Facultat de Farmàcia va iniciar una activitat d’orientació professionalanomenada Seminari “Passaport a la Professió” dissenyada conjuntament amb el Servei d’Atenció al’Estudiant de la Universitat de Barcelona i dirigida especialment a l’alumnat interessat en realitzar l’assignatura“Pràctiques en empreses”. Aquesta activitat es va aprovar com a Projecte de Millora i Innovació Docent al’any 2013.En el curs 2012/13, el deganat de la Facultat de Farmàcia va iniciar una activitat d’orientació professional dirigida especialment a l’alumnat interessat en realitzar pràctiques en empreses i anomenada Seminari “Passaport a la Professió-Farmàcia. És un projecte dissenyat amb la implicació de tres agents: la Facultat de Farmàcia, les companyies farmacèutiques i el Servei d’Atenció a l’Estudiant (SAE). Aquesta activitat va gaudir d’un Projecte de Millora i Innovació Docent a l’any 2013. La present comunicació pretén analitzar el grau de participació i satisfacció dels alumnes al llarg d’aquests tres cursos acadèmics. El nombre d'estudiants inscrits al llarg d'aquests anys ha estat de 207 alumnes i en algunes sessions s'ha aconseguit omplir l’Aula Magna el 100% amb alumnes sense inscripció prèvia i interessats en la temàtica. Al llarg d’aquests anys, l’activitat s’ha consolidat a la Facultat de Farmàcia considerant que l’alumne la percep com una oportunitat anual per conèixer la realitat professional de la farmàcia així com els requisits d’accés al món laboral. A més, el nombre d’alumnes que ha sol·licitat participar en el programa de pràctiques en empreses dins de l’assignatura optativa ha incrementat al llarg dels cursos, així com el nombre d’empreses participants, consolidant-se algunes de les tradicionalment ja hi participaven. Per altra banda, aquesta activitat ha afavorit un millor coneixement entre l’alumnat de Farmàcia sobre les altres accions d’orientació universitàries del SAE (Club de Feina, Monogràfics del Club de Feina, cursos de Formació en Competències, Entrevistes d’Orientació, Simulacions personalitzades d’entrevistes de feina). L’avaluació del programa es basa per una banda, amb els qüestionaris al finalitzar el període de pràctiques en indústries farmacèutiques i per l’altra, dels qüestionaris de satisfacció a cada una de les sessions del seminari Passaport a la Professió