Territorial ordering in a rural basin

Los cambios ambientales generados por la producción agropecuaria en el territorio deben ser identificados y evaluados. Su reconocimiento es un recurso útil para la elaboración de planes de ordenamiento territorial. Las acciones producidas en el ambiente inciden sobre el ámbito geográfico y la determinación de sus características y extensión requiere instrumentación específica. Este trabajo describe la secuencia operativa realizada en una cuenca rural para localizar geográficamente los impactos ambientales y proponer su ordenamiento territorial. Su evaluación, su procesamiento a través de lógica difusa y la aplicación de un sistema de información geográfica se integraron para organizar la gestión de las diferentes unidades ambientales en una cuenca rural.The agricultural production generates environmental changes in the territory that should be identified and evaluated. The recognition of these modifications represents an useful resource for the elaboration of plans of territorial ordering. The actions taken place in the environment possess impact in a geographical boundary, and the determination of their characteristics and extension, it requires of the use of specific instrumental resources. In this work the operative sequence is indicated carried out in a basin rural hidrographic to locate the environmental impacts geographically and to propose a territorial ordering. The evaluation of the environmental impacts, its processing through diffuse logic, and the application of a system of geographical information was integrated to management different environmental units in a basin rural.Fil: Montico, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Rosari

Compaction in a scarified soil through fuzzy logic

En parcelas con 7 años de siembra directa continua se realizó una labor de escarificado. A los 40 días se abrieron trincheras y sobre una grilla cuadriculada se determinó la penetrometría de pared y la humedad en los perfiles de suelo. Para procesar los histogramas obtenidos en la integración de los relevamientos de resistencia a la penetración en escarificado (E) y no escarificado (NE) se utilizó el módulo fuzzy (tratamiento de imágenes de un sistema de información geográfica). Se determinaron 7 clases de compactación en cada situación, diferenciadas por promedios y rangos. La trinchera con los valores promedios fuzzy de penetrometría en E presentó 25.71 % menos de las clases consideradas más compactadas, siendo significativo el efecto de la labor en el espesor 5-25 cm. No hubo diferencias en humedad entre ambas situaciones, a excepción del estrato 30-35 cm donde -en E- fue mayor. La labor de escarificado produjo modificaciones favorables en los distintos estados de compactación de suelo, principalmente en los espesores intermedios. A través del tratamiento de lógica difusa se determinaron diferentes clases de compactación y su distribución espacial.Tillage of scarifier was carried out in plots coming from seven years of no tillage continuous after forty days trenches were opened and determined wall penetrometry and moisture in soil profiles over a square latice. For histograms processing and the integration of penetrometry resistance of scarifier and not scarifier survey, a fuzzy module for imaging treatment of a system of geographical information was used. Seven compaction classes were determined in each situation, differed by averages and ranges. The trench with averages values fuzzy of penetrometry of E, presented 25.71 % less than those considered more compacted, being significant the effect of the tillage at 5-25 cm layer. There were not differences in moisture among both situations, to exception of the layer 30-35 cm where at E was bigger. The tillage of scarifier produced favorable modifications in different condition of compaction, mainly in the intermediate layers. Through the treatment of diffuse logic, different compaction classes and their space distribution were determined.Fil: Montico, Sergio.Fil: Di Leo, Néstor.Fil: Zerpa, Gabriel

Dinámica de la napa ante un pulso importante de precipitaciones en un lote de producción de Zavalla

Dinámica de la napa ante un pulso importante de precipitaciones en un lote de producción de ZavallaFil: Montico, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

No tillage escarified : spatial distribution preferential flows

Para obtener información respecto de los posibles recorridos que realiza un flujo de agua y su distribución espacial bajo la labor de escarificado en siembra directa y comprobar su persistencia al 1 ½ año de haber sido efectuada, se realizó un ensayo en Zavalla, Santa Fe (60° 53' O y 33° 01' S) en un Argiudol vértico bajo cultivo de Medicago sativa. T0 fue siembra directa sin escarificar, T1 escarificado antes de sembrar y T2 escarificado al año de la siembra de la alfalfa. Se simuló la lluvia irrigando con una solución de 1g.l-1 de azul de metileno. Se fotografiaron perfiles sucesivos en cada tratamiento. Los sectores coloreados de las fotografías fueron delimitados, digitalizados y medidas las áreas y longitudes verticales. El movimiento descendente tuvo lugar mayoritariamente como flujos preferenciales que fueron iniciados por las fisuras, las raíces creciendo dentro y fuera del área removida y las grietas del suelo. En todos los tratamientos los flujos atravesaron el límite A / B1, pero en ningún caso alcanzaron el B2. La configuración de los patrones de distribución permitió comprobar la mayor capacidad de conducción hidráulica y persistencia de la labor de escarificado sobre siembra directa.The spatial distribution of water flow paths was experimentally examined under no tillage and no tillage scarified, and checked the persistence of this last tillage at 1½ year of having been made in vertic Argiudol in Zavalla, Santa Fe (60° 53' W y 33° 01' S). T0 was no till without scarified, T1 scarified before sowing and T2 scarified at 1 year after Medicago sativa sowing. The rain was simulated irrigating with methylene blue 1g.l-1 solution. Successive profiles were photographed in each treatment. The colored sectors of the fotographs were defined, digitized and measured the areas and longitudes verticales. The descending movement took place for the most part as preferential flows that were begun by the fissures, the roots growing inside and outside of the removed area and the cracks of the soil. In all treatments the flows crossed the limit A / B1, but in any case the B2 reached. The configuration of distribution patterns allowed to prove the biggest capacity of hydraulic conduction and persistence of scarified on direct siembra.Fil: Vilche, María Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Manejo de Tierras.Fil: Montico, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Manejo de Tierras.Fil: Di Leo, Néstor. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Cátedra de Manejo de Tierras

Effect of Climatic Factors on the Plant Population Dynamics in Temperate Pasture Implantation

The objective of this experiment was to determine the environmental influence on seedling emergence of alfalfa and fescue in mixture. We hypothesized that the temperature and precipitation data could be used to estimate field emergence of alfalfa and fescue. A field trial was carried out at Zavalla, Argentina and consisted of sowing a tall fescue – alfalfa mixture at different seeding date (March, April and June). Relationships between the range of temperature, rainfalls and alfalfa and fescue seedling emergence were described by linear regression models. Patterns of emergence and death of alfalfa and fescue seedling were found in the different sowing dates. The measurements performed in other mixed pastures on the area were used to adjust the models. Historical series (1973-1999) of temperature and rainfall data were used to verify the obtained models. The r2 of the correlation between predicted and observed demographic curves of the species was 64 to 97%. The species studied presented varied situations in the phase of emergency and death. When they were sowed in different dates, the April sowing generated an appropriate composition of the mixture. The application of models based on meteorological factors that explain the demographic variations of a forage mixture will allow to plan sowing strategies and to predict the structure of the resulting pastures

El uso del suelo: cuando un recurso natural se transforma en recurso ambiental

El siguiente texto, cedido por su autor para su difusión a través de la presente publicación, resume los contenidos de la Conferencia dictada por el Dr. Sergio Montico en la Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinaria, con motivo de la recepción del Premio Ing. Agr. Antonio J. Prego (versión 2018), el 29 de agosto de 2019. El mismo le fue otorgado por su trayectoria en la investigación, docencia y extensión, sobre la conservación de suelos, área en la cual se desempeña desde hace 30 años.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Characterization of cultural soil profile on natural pastures : Santa Fe (Argentina)

En la región pampeana son comunes las áreas mal drenadas destinadas a ganadería en base a pastizales naturales. En ellas la vegetación natural es compleja y está influenciada por la interacción de aspectos climáticos, edáficos y por la historia del uso y del manejo. Las características edáficas afectadas por el manejo se expresan en el perfil cultural del suelo (PC); su caracterización es una herramienta importante para identificar limitantes a la productividad y aportar elementos para la toma de decisiones de manejo. Ante la ausencia de métodos que caractericen y cuantifiquen el estado del PC, se propone un índice (IPC) que, considerando el reconocimiento y la valoración de ciertas características edáficas indicadoras, asigna un valor numérico al estado del PC. En un pastizal natural, próximo a una cañada ubicada en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe, se reconocieron tres áreas o unidades forrajeras (UF) con cierta homogeneidad en las características edáficas, forrajeras y paisajísticas. En las mismas se caracterizó el estado del PC y se calculó el IPC. El método desarrollado permitió identificar en cada UF limitantes edáficas derivadas del manejo y, a partir del índice generado, clasificar los respectivos PC según su estado.Low drained areas devoted to livestock breeding based on natural pastures are common in the Humid Pampas. In these areas natural vegetation is complex and is influenced by the interaction of climatic and edaphic aspects and by the management and use history. Edaphic characteristics affected by management are expressed in the cultural soil profile (CP), and their characterization is an important tool to identify productivity limitations and to convey elements for management decision-making. Based on the lack of methods to characterize and quantify the CP, we proposed and index that, considering the recognition and valuation of certain indicative edaphic characteristics, assigns a numeric value to the CP status. In a natural pasture, next to a lowland placed in the South of Santa Fe Province, three forage units (FU) with certain homogeneity in the edaphic, forage and landscape characteristics were recognized. In these units, the CP status and was characterized and the cultural profile index (CPI) was calculated. The method developed allowed to identify in each FU, the edaphic limitations derived from management and the proposed index allowed to classify the respective CP according to their status.Fil: Zerpa, Gabriel.Fil: Sosa, Oscar.Fil: Montico, Sergio.Fil: Martín, Beatriz

Alfalfa and fescue : temperatures and rainfalls on the emergency

En este trabajo se estudia la influencia de temperaturas y precipitaciones en la etapa de emergencia de alfalfa y festuca bajo condiciones naturales. El experimento se desarrolló en el campo de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNR (Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina) sobre un suelo Argiudol vértico. Se sembraron mezclas forrajeras compuestas por festuca y alfalfa en partes iguales en distintas fechas (marzo-junio). Se registraron las temperaturas media, máxima y mínima diarias del aire, las amplitudes térmicas diarias, las sumas térmicas y las precipitraciones acumuladas desde 10 días antes de cada siembra hasta cada plenitud de la fase de emergencia. Se empleó un análisis de regresión múltiple del tipo stepwise (p < 0.05). Se establecieron modelos de regresión para explicar la emergencia de alfalfa y festuca utilizando como variables ambientales significativas la temperatura media diaria, la amplitud térmica y las precipitaciones acumuladas. Estos elementos de juicio contribuyeron para definir diversos tipos de comportamiento para alfalfa y festuca. Los resultados permitirán orientar las decisiones de densidad de siembra de cada especie para lograr las proporciones planteadas como objetivo en la pastura en cada fecha de siembra.The objective of this experiment was to determine the environmental influence on the duration of the period germinationemergence on alfalfa and fescue growing in mixture. A field trial was carried out at Zavalla (Santa Fe, Argentina) a and consisted of sowing a tall fescue-alfalfa mixture at different seeding date (March-June). The emergence of alfalfa was compared with fescue in 15 field sowings covering a range of temperature and rainfalls. Counts were made daily for 2 or 3 days. To maximum emergence, rate of emergence and time to first emergence, were statistically analyzed. Plant response variables over all treatments were significant (p < 0.05) for temperature and water availability for number of sowings.Fil: Martín, Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Costanzo, Marta. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Refi, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de RosarioFil: Montico, Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Rosari

Reactive stroma and prostate : senescence and angiogenesis inhibition x glandular lesions in the TRAMP model

Orientador: Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon QuiteteTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: A senescência está associada a modificações hormonais na próstata, resultando em microambiente favorável ao desenvolvimento de lesões neoplásicas. A angiogênese é fundamental para o crescimento tumoral e, na próstata, está sujeita à regulação por andrógenos, sendo sua estimulação um importante evento no estroma reativo associado ao câncer. Assim, a inibição da angiogênese representa terapia promissora no tratamento de neoplasias da próstata. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar aspectos do estroma prostático na senescência e frente a terapias antiangiogênicas e de ablação hormonal, comparando-os com a reação estromal associada a lesões glandulares no modelo TRAMP. Camundongos FVB machos senis (52 semanas) foram submetidos a tratamentos antiangiogênicos com SU5416 (6 mg/kg; i.p.) e/ou TNP-470 (15 mg/kg; s.c.). O bloqueio hormonal foi obtido com finasterida (20 mg/kg; s.c.), isoladamente ou associada a ambos os inibidores. Após 21 dias de tratamento, amostras da próstata dorsolateral foram coletadas para análises morfológicas, imunohistoquímicas e de Western Blotting. A senescência levou à ocorrência de inflamação e de lesões proliferativas na próstata, bem como à maior frequência de células positivas para CD34/VIM e CD34/?SMA e ao aumento de MMP-9, IGFR-1, VEGF, HIF-1?, FGF-2, CD31, VIM e ?SMA, caracterizando semelhança com o microambiente prostático de camundongos TRAMP. Por outro lado, a endostatina e o TGF-? apresentaram-se elevados somente na senescência, mas não ao longo da progressão tumoral no modelo TRAMP. O tratamento com inibidores angiogênicos levou à recuperação e/ou interrupção das alterações glandulares associadas à senescência, mas efeitos diferenciais foram registrados para as drogas. Enquanto o SU5416 atuou principalmente sobre a remodelação tecidual prostática, reduzindo os níveis de MMP-9, VIM e ?SMA bem como a frequência de células positivas para CD34/VIM e CD34/?SMA, o TNP-470 influenciou sobretudo o IGFR-1, o VEGF e o HIF-1?, promovendo inibição de maior amplitude sobre esses fatores. A associação destes inibidores levou à combinação de tais efeitos diferenciais. A finasterida, isoladamente ou associada aos agentes antiangiogênicos, resultou em diminuição dos níveis de MMP-9, IGFR-1, VEGF, HIF-1? e FGF-2 em relação aos controles, embora tenha demonstrado tendência em regular positivamente a expressão de fatores pró-angiogênicos. Todavia, ao contrário da inibição da angiogênese, a ablação hormonal não resultou em diminuição do TGF-?. Assim, concluiu-se que a senescência gerou um microambiente de estroma reativo similar ao do modelo TRAMP, com estímulo aos à proliferação celular, remodelação tecidual, angiogênese e transição endotélio-mesenquimal, certamente propiciando condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento de lesões prostáticas pré-malignas e malignas. Entretanto, a ausência de adenocarcinoma pouco diferenciado e a menor distribuição das lesões neoplásicas em relação a camundongos TRAMP sugeriram um possível papel protetor da endostatina sobre a próstata na senescência. A terapia antiangiogênica foi eficaz em promover efeitos antitumorais e a inibição da neovascularização, sobretudo frente à combinação dos inibidores, sugerindo que a ação diferencial desses agentes nos processos tumorigênicos resulta em espectro de ação mais amplo para o tratamento. Por fim, ressalta-se que os efeitos benéficos do tratamento com finasterida merecem especial atenção, considerando o potencial desta droga em promover o estroma reativo facilitador do desenvolvimento de desordens glandularesAbstract: Senescence is associated with hormonal changes in the prostate, leading to a permissive microenvironment for the development of neoplastic lesions. Prostatic angiogenesis is an androgen-regulated process which is fundamental for tumor growth and represents an important event in cancer-associated reactive stroma. Thus, angiogenesis inhibition emerges as a promising therapy in the treatment of prostate neoplasms. The aim herewith was to characterize prostatic stroma during senescence and following antiangiogenic and hormonal ablation therapies, comparing the findings with the reactive stroma phenotype associated to TRAMP model glandular lesions. Elderly male FVB mice (52 week-old) were submitted to antiangiogenic treatments with SU5416 (6 mg/kg; i.p.) and/or TNP-470 (15 mg/kg; s.c.). Hormonal blockage was achieved with finasteride administration (20mg/kg; s.c.), either alone or combined to both inhibitors. After 21 days of treatment, dorsolateral prostate samples were collected for morphological, immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analysis. Senescence led to the occurrence of inflammatory foci and proliferative lesions in the prostate, apart from increased frequency of CD34/VIM and CD34/?SMA positive cells and raised levels of MMP-9, IGFR-1, VEGF, HIF-1?, FGF-2, CD31, VIM and ?SMA, resembling TRAMP mice prostatic microenvironment. On the other hand, endostatin and TGF-? showed higher expression in senescence but not during tumor progression in the TRAMP model. Antiangiogenic treatment resulted in recovery and/or interruption of the senescence-associated glandular changes, showing differential effects for each drug. SU5416 acted mainly on prostatic tissue remodeling, reducing MMP-9, VIM and ?SMA levels as well as the frequency of CD34/VIM and CD34/?SMA positive cells, whereas TNP-470 influenced specially IGFR-1, VEGF and HIF-1?, promoting greater inhibition over these factors. The association between the inhibitors led to synergistic differential effects. Despite presenting a trend to regulate positively pro-angiogenic factor expression, finasteride resulted in decreased MMP-9, IGFR-1, VEGF, HIF-1? and FGF-2 levels relatively to controls, either in isolation or combined to antiangiogenic agents. However, unlike angiogenesis inhibition, hormonal ablation did not lead to decreased TGF-? expression. Thus, it was concluded that senescence created a reactive stroma microenvironment which resembles that verified in the TRAMP model and is characterized by stimulated cell proliferation, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This scenario certainly provided favorable conditions for the development of pre-malignant and malignant prostatic lesions. However, the absence of poor-differentiated adenocarcinoma and the lesser distribution of neoplastic lesions in relation to TRAMP mice suggested a possible protective role of endostatin on the prostate during aging. Antiangiogenic therapy was efficient in promoting antitumor effects and neovascularization inhibition, especially following the combination of inhibitors, suggesting that the differential action of these agents on tumorigenic processes results in a broader spectrum of effects for the treatment. Finally, it is noteworthy that beneficial effects from finasteride treatment must be looked carefully, considering the capacity of this drug to promote a reactive stroma microenvironment favorable to the development of glandular disordersDoutoradoAnatomiaDoutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutura

Diseño de un sistema de indicadores para la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos (GIRH) en la Cuenca del Arroyo Ludueña, Santa Fe

El presente trabajo seleccionó e integró un conjunto de indicadores que evaluaron los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del arroyo Ludueña, Santa Fe, República Argentina. Se utilizó un abordaje multiescalar, sistémico y complejo a escala de cuenca mediante la combinación del método GEO orientado a la Gestión Integrada del Recurso Hídrico (GIRH) y del modelo FPEIR (Fuerzas motrices – Presión – Estado – Impacto - Respuesta). La Gestión Integrada del Recurso Hídrico (GIRH) considera la intervención humana como parte esencial del ciclo hidrológico a nivel de cuenca y lo considera un ciclo hidrosocial. Se detectaron veintiséis (26) puntos críticos que podrían permitir la implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a la sustentabilidad. Esta metodología puede adaptarse y replicarse en cuencas hídricas similares. Este trabajo constituye un aporte al diagnóstico ambiental integrado y resulta útil como insumo para los Organismos Públicos que deben velar por la conservación de los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del arroyo Ludueña