Co-targeting the IGF system and HIF-1 inhibits migration and invasion by (triple-negative) breast cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is mostly incurable, due to lack of suitable drug targets. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system could provide such a target, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-directed agents are already available, but seem unable to control all the complexities of the system, including crosstalk with hypoxia-inducible pathways. METHODS: Migration of triple-negative MDA-231 breast cancer cells and its modulation by IGFs, the IGF-1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541 and the IGF-2-sequestering monoclonal antibody MAB292 were assessed by the scratch wound healing and Boyden chamber assays; the effect of topotecan (inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)) under hypoxia was also evaluated. Constitutive as well as drug-modulated levels of components of the IGF and HIF-1 pathways were evaluated by western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS: IGF-induced migration of MDA-231 cells was not abrogated by the IGF-1R inhibitor NVP-AEW541, whereas IGF-2 sequestration by MAB292 significantly reduced cell migration. Under hypoxia, topotecan was also effective, likely by reducing HIF-1-induced IGF-2 release. Simultaneous targeting of IGF-1R and IGF-2 or HIF-1 completely abolished cell migration. CONCLUSIONS: IR activation may account for the failure of NVP-AEW541 to suppress MDA-231 cell migration. Ligand-targeting compounds, or co-inhibition of the IGF and HIF-1 systems, may prevent activation of compensatory signalling, thereby providing a valuable addition to IGF-1R inhibitor-based therapies

Evaluación integral de la calidad seminal bovina: valor agregado para la inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo.

La inseminación artificial bovina ha sido la técnica de reproducción asistida de mayor difusión por las ventajas que presenta en el mejoramiento genético, la prevención y control de enfermedades de transmisión sexual, la posibilidad de emplear toros con facilidad de parto y la optimización del manejo reproductivo del rodeo. La Inseminación Artificial a Tiempo Fijo (IATF) suma beneficios tales como evitar la detección de celo, acortar el período de anestro post-parto y concentrar los partos en un período breve. El éxito de la IATF depende de múltiples factores entre los que se encuentra la calidad seminal. Ningún examen de semen in vitro presenta una correlación alta con la fertilidad, por lo cual debe desarrollarse un protocolo de control de calidad que estudie el mayor número posible de características de los espermatozoides. La selección de mejores muestras para IATF permitiría evitar la repetición en las inseminaciones o el repaso con monta natural. El objetivo del presente trabajo es encontrar indicadores seminales, a través de los análisis de rutina y del núcleo espermático, que estén asociados con tasas de preñez elevadas para IATF y permitan predecir el comportamiento de las dosis a campo.Se tomarán muestras aleatorias de cada partida de las dosis seminales congeladas ad hoc y se realizará el control de calidad espermático de rutina y el control nuclear. Se evaluarán: parámetros de motilidad espermática obtenidos por análisis computarizado (CASA), morfología, viabilidad, integridad acrosómica y funcionalidad de la membrana espermática. La evaluación del núcleo espermático incluirá: morfología nuclear, maduración de la cromatina, decondensación y fragmentación nuclear. Esta última, se realizará a través de una prueba desarrollada en nuestro laboratorio (FCV-UBA). Los responsables del CIAVT seleccionarán los establecimientos donde se realizarán los protocolos de IATF, así como los profesionales responsables de implementarlos, quienes recolectarán los resultados de preñez a campo. Sobre la base de estos resultados preliminares de nuestro grupo de trabajo y la experiencia de campo de los responsables del CIAVT, se espera encontrar asociación entre algunos de los parámetros seminales analizados y los porcentajes de preñez obtenidos por la técnica de IATF. Este proyecto intenta encontrar la existencia deindicadores de clasificación de fertilidad y de pérdidas embrionarias tempranas, lo que permitiría realizar una selección de los individuos más aptos para ser empleados como donantes para IATF. De esta forma, se podrían comercializar muestras de semen especialmente seleccionadas, con el valor agregado que esto conlleva.publishedVersio

Performance of reconstruction and identification of τ leptons decaying to hadrons and vτ in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV

The algorithm developed by the CMS Collaboration to reconstruct and identify τ leptons produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV, via their decays to hadrons and a neutrino, has been significantly improved. The changes include a revised reconstruction of π⁰ candidates, and improvements in multivariate discriminants to separate τ leptons from jets and electrons. The algorithm is extended to reconstruct τ leptons in highly Lorentz-boosted pair production, and in the high-level trigger. The performance of the algorithm is studied using proton-proton collisions recorded during 2016 at √s=13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb¯¹. The performance is evaluated in terms of the efficiency for a genuine τ lepton to pass the identification criteria and of the probabilities for jets, electrons, and muons to be misidentified as τ leptons. The results are found to be very close to those expected from Monte Carlo simulation

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at √S^{S}NN = 5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (υ$_{2}$) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Υmesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb$^{-1}$. The scalar product method is used to extract the υ$_{2}$ coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range |y| < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < p$_{T}$ < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10–30%, 30–50% and 50–90%. In contrast to the J/ψ mesons, the measured υ$_{2}$ values for the Υ mesons are found to be consistent with zero

Measurement of prompt D0^{0} and D‾\overline{D}0^{0} meson azimuthal anisotropy and search for strong electric fields in PbPb collisions at root SNN\sqrt{S_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

The strong Coulomb field created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is expected to produce a rapiditydependent difference (Av2) in the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (elliptic flow, v2) between D0 (uc) and D0 (uc) mesons. Motivated by the search for evidence of this field, the CMS detector at the LHC is used to perform the first measurement of Av2. The rapidity-averaged value is found to be (Av2) = 0.001 ? 0.001 (stat)? 0.003 (syst) in PbPb collisions at ?sNN = 5.02 TeV. In addition, the influence of the collision geometry is explored by measuring the D0 and D0mesons v2 and triangular flow coefficient (v3) as functions of rapidity, transverse momentum (pT), and event centrality (a measure of the overlap of the two Pb nuclei). A clear centrality dependence of prompt D0 meson v2 values is observed, while the v3 is largely independent of centrality. These trends are consistent with expectations of flow driven by the initial-state geometry. ? 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licens

A search for pair production of new light bosons decaying into muons in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search for new light bosons decaying into muon pairs is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy √s=13TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The search is model independent, only requiring the pair production of a new light boson and its subsequent decay to a pair of muons. No significant deviation from the predicted background is observed. A model independent limit is set on the product of the production cross section times branching fraction to dimuons squared times acceptance as a function of new light boson mass. This limit varies between 0.15 and 0.39 fb over a range of new light boson masses from 0.25 to 8.5 GeV. It is then interpreted in the context of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model and a dark supersymmetry model that allows for nonnegligible light boson lifetimes. In both cases, there is significant improvement over previously published limits