Brazilian Paralympic sport initiation: The road from Rio to Los Angeles

The Paralympic Games are the largest high-performance sport competition for athletes with disabilities (motor, visual and intellectual). Brazil is evolving in the medal table with each edition of the Games, and the country's growth and sporting improvement since the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. After Rio 2016 Paralympic Games grow up the necessity of renewal of Brazilian Paralympic talent. This study aims to bring reflections on the actions developed in Brazil that can contribute and improve the formation of new generations of Brazilian Paralympic athletes. This study are bibliographic search was conducted in national and international databases such as: SCIELO, Science Direct, Google Scholar, as well as in the Thesis Bank of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and also in institutional documents and institutional websites. Paralympic School Games is the most recognized initiative of paralympic sports initiation and have already been the showcase of some of the most talented brazilian athletes and can be considered the main way to reveal new athletes with disabilities in Brazil. Also, University Paralympic Games, School Camping and Paralympic Training Center increase this process in Brazil. Thus, the Paralympic Games of 2024 and 2028, bring good perspectives for the brazilian paralympic sport, besides the possibility of proving the capacity of renewal of paralympic talents, can consolidate the continuity of the country as power in the world paralympic scenario

Rendimiento de Laboratorio: Dopaje en deportes olímpicos y Juegos de Rio 2016

Doping is defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency Code as the use of substances or methods capable of artificially increasing sports performance, whether they are potentially harmful to athletes health or to his opponents, or to the game spirit. The Olympic Sport deals daily with this competitor “off the beaten track” of the highest competence. This article was based on the reports on the anti-doping control situation in the Olympic Games in Brazil issued by the specialist of the US Congressional Research Service, the IAAF sanctioned positive athletics report, of the International Olympic Committee that dealt with the fight against doping and health promotion of athletes, the Independent Observer Reports of the World Anti-Doping Agency and the Anti-Doping Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport. A special highlight was the doping cases orchestrated by the Russia Athletic Federation, as well as the efforts of institutions responsible for the fight against doping in the protection of clean athletes. The fight against doping in the Olympic Games in Brazil was classified as the worst anti-doping in the history of games, based on the volunteers organization and the effectiveness of the tests performed. The World Anti-Doping Agency indicated that less than half of the planned tests were conducted at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.El dopaje está definido por el Código de la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje, como el uso de sustancias o métodos capaces de aumentar artificialmente el rendimiento deportivo, ya sean potencialmente perjudiciales para la salud del atleta o de sus adversarios, o al espíritu del juego. Sin embargo, el Deporte Olímpico convive diariamente con este competidor "fuera de las pistas" de la más alta competencia. Este artículo se basó en los informes sobre la situación de control antidopaje en los Juegos Olímpicos en Brasil emitidos por especialistas de investigación del congreso norteamericano, de los informes de casos positivos en atletismo sancionados por la IAAF, del Comité Olímpico Internacional que versó sobre la lucha contra el dopaje y promoción de la salud de los atletas, de los informes de Observadores Independientes de la Agencia Mundial Antidoping y de la división antidoping del Tribunal de Arbitraje para el Deporte. Un destacado especial ha sido hecho para los casos de dopaje orquestados por la Federación Atlética Rússa, además de los esfuerzos de las instituciones responsables del combate al dopaje en la protección de los atletas limpios. El combate al dopaje en los Juegos Olímpicos de Brasil fue clasificado como el peor antidopaje de la historia de los juegos, con base en la organización de los voluntarios y la efectividad de las pruebas realizadas. La Agencia Mundial Antidoping indicó que menos de la mitad de las pruebas planificadas se realizaron en los Juegos Olímpicos Río 2016

Military rehabilitation programs and Paralympic Movement

The objective of this systematic review was to identify the rehabilitation programs used by armed conflict veterans and their approach to the Paralympic movement. The PRISMA protocol was followed by searching the following databases: ISI Web of Science ™, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Periodical Capes. Of the 666 initial results found, 8 were selected from 2004 to 2018. Only 7% of the studies identified programs that had women. The average age of veterans attended ranged from 18 to 59 years. The main activities carried out by the rehabilitation programs involved sports and recreation programs, competitive sport programs and programs with outdoor activities. Other initiatives were also identified, reinforcing the need to combat the social isolation imposed by the acquired injury, to promote well-being and the development of an active and healthy life, whether in the social field or even in the sports field (athletic identity). In the case of veterans of armed conflict, the feeling that service to the country is not over is present, instead of defending the country in war, now represent the nation on the tracks, courts and fields of international sport, a different battlefield

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module

•We report INICC device-associated module data of 50 countries from 2010-2015.•We collected prospective data from 861,284 patients in 703 ICUs for 3,506,562 days.•DA-HAI rates and bacterial resistance were higher in the INICC ICUs than in CDC-NHSN's.•Device utilization ratio in the INICC ICUs was similar to CDC-NHSN's. Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. Conclusions: Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically