Evaluación de genotipos ecuatorianos de Capsicum spp. ante infestaciones de Bemisia tabaci

The genus Capsicum, native to tropical and subtropical America, belongs to the Solanaceae family, which includes commercially important vegetables such as chilies and green peppers. The silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes losses to vegetables including Capsicum species. Among the alternatives of pest control, an effective, economical, and environmentally compatible method is the resistance of the host plant. Infestation by B. tabaci was evaluated in 73 Capsicum genotypes, corresponding to the species C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. sinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens from an Ecuadorian genebank. Eighty-four percent of the C. baccatum genotypes evaluated showed the highest population densities of B. tabaci, while all the genotypes of C. sinense and C. frutescens had the lowest values (p < 0.05). The non-preference of adults and the scarce oviposition of B. tabaci on genotypes of C. sinense and C. frutescens suggests resistance due to antixenosis. These results could guide breeding programs for the resistance of Capsicum species to B. tabaci infestations.El género Capsicum es nativo de América tropical y subtropical, pertenece a la familia Solanaceae e incluye ajíes y pimientos, que son hortalizas comercialmente importantes. La mosca blanca Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ocasiona pérdidas en hortalizas incluyendo especies de Capsicum. Entre las alternativas de control de plagas, un método eficaz, económico y ambientemente compatible es la resistencia de la planta hospedera. Se evaluó la infestación por B. tabaci en 73 genotipos de Capsicum nativos de Ecuador, correspondientes a las especies C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens y C. pubescens, provenientes de un banco de germoplasma ecuatoriano. El 84% de los genotipos de C. baccatum evaluados mostraron las mayores densidades poblacionales de B. tabaci, mientras que los menores valores los tuvieron todos los genotipos de C. sinense y C. frutescens (p < 0.05). La no preferencia de adultos y la escasa oviposición de B. tabaci sobre genotipos de C. sinense y C. frutescens sugiere resistencia por antixenosis. Estos resultados podrían orientar programas de mejoramiento genético para la resistencia de especies de Capsicum ante infestaciones por B. tabaci

Phytophthora capsici on Capsicum plants: a destructive pathogen in chili and pepper crops.

Thus, this chapter addressed the etiology, symptomatology, occurrence and management of the disease. Additionally, the cycle of the disease is discussed in a holistic and simple way.On-line first

Effect of organic and chemical fertilization on the onion crop (Allium cepa L.)

The bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable widely cultivated and in high demand in national and international markets. Due to the risks that the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals represents for human health and the environment, the present study aimed to make a comparative analysis of the effects of organic vs chemical fertilization currently used in the cropping of red hybrid bulb onion (Eureka). Three organic fertilizers (Zumsil®, ComCat® and EcoFungi®) were compared to three chemical fertilizers (15-15-15®, Muriate of Potash® and Nitrofoska®). The response variables were: plant height at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT), length, diameter and average weight of bulbs, yield in tons per hectare and the relationship between height at 30 and 60 DAT. The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with four replicates, seven treatments and 28 experimental units. The statistics used include an analysis of variance and a Canonical Biplot that allowed to obtain groups of variables and to determine their correlation with each one of the treatments. Additionally, a marginal analysis of dominant treatments was performed. Positive response of variables was strongly associated with organic fertilizers. From the economic point of view, the ComCat® organic fertilizer represented an ecological alternative with excellent benefits for the producer. This research is in line with the trends for agrochemical-free foods

Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents

The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Adapting agriculture to climate change: a synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across five continents.

Na publicação: Marcelo B. Medeiros

Tuber quality characteristics of ecuadorian potato landraces and farmer preferences

Antioxidants, such as polyphenols and carotenoids, are present in potato and reported to have positive effects on human health. For Ecuadorian landraces there is a lack of data on these compounds. The present study aims 1) to characterize potato landraces from three areas in Ecuador for dry matter, total polyphenol and total carotenoid contents and 2) to determine if farmer preferences for certain landraces are based on characteristics related to nutritional value. We evaluated 23 potato landraces collected from farmer’s fields and organized workshops in the areas to collect information on the preferences of local farmers. We found varying levels of dry matter, total polyphenol and total carotenoid contents among Ecuadorian potato landraces, some even comparable to improved varieties. The extent of the use of these potato landraces by farmers and breeders is discussed.Accepted for publication: June 30, 2012

Sociedad civil y conflictos socioambientales por la tala ilegal de madera en el Parque Nacional Yasuní : (El parque Nacional de Redwoods un modelo a seguir)

La explotación de recursos naturales en áreas de alta biodiversidad es un tema que genera preocupación en diversos actores de la Sociedad Civil debido al impacto ecológico que los procesos extractivos causan en el entorno, colocando en situación de riesgo a especies de flora y fauna, con secuelas de orden social y económico para las comunidades humanas que dependen de estos recursos. La tala de madera es una actividad cuyo impacto socioambiental aún es tema de discusión entre sectores de la producción y círculos conservacionistas, sin embargo, cuando ésta se realiza en las zonas de influencia de áreas protegidas, involucra aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos y jurídicos que van más allá del debate ético-científico de las implicaciones medioambientales, generando importantes conflictos entre los actores involucrados. En el presente trabajo se explora esta situación en el Parque Nacional Yasuní (PNY) con el propósito de identificar como las organizaciones sociales, ambientalistas e indígenas inciden en el diseño y aplicación de las políticas públicas relacionadas con la extracción de recursos, el cuidado ambiental y la resolución de conflictos creados por la extracción de madera. Se expone además el caso del Condado Humboldt, en California (USA), cuyo proceso de deforestación llevó a la Sociedad Civil a organizarse exitosamente con el fin de participar en la elaboración y ejecución de las políticas ambientales que derivaron la creación del sistema de parques nacionales Redwood National and State Parks (RNSP

Plan de negocios para la creación de Confidencias café y entretenimiento en un ambiente solo para mujeres de entre 30 y 45 años de edad del norte de la ciudad de Quito

En búsqueda de la satisfacción de las necesidades del mercado femenino que en muy pocas ocasiones es atendido de una manera adecuada, nace la idea de crear un caé-bar totalmente dedicado para la atención del mercado femenino. “Confidencias Café y Entretenimiento” es una idea de negocio creada con la finalidad de dar un lugar de entretenimiento para mujeres de entre 30 a 45 años en donde encuentren esparcimiento y puedan dedicarse un tiempo para si mismas en compañía de sus amistades, que en este mundo actual es necesario para manejar el nivel de estrés que en la actualidad se maneja diariamente. Este nuevo servicio proyectado de mujeres para mujeres tiene diferentes servicios que, después de realizar la investigación de mercado se detecto entre las principales preferencias, la lectura del tarot, despedida de solteras, show con música en vivo, show rooms de productos .....

Phytophthora capsici: the diseases it causes and management strategies to produce healthier vegetable crops.

The aim of this review is to address topics related to etiology and symptoms of the diseases caused by this oomycete (leaf blight, root rot, crown rot and fruit rot), as well as the integration and application of different control alternatives, such as genetics, cultural, physical, biological, and chemical. Crops such as sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (S. melongena), cucurbits (Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita spp.), among others, are subject to considerable economic losses induced by this pathogen