The Low Representativeness of Unions in Latin America: A Wrong Interpretation

La sindicalización en América Latina es baja. Lo que pone en tela de juicio la representación  de los trabajadores por medio de los sindicatos. Sin embargo, esta afirmación dejaría de lado que la propia normativa nacional impide formalmente que un significativo número de trabajadores puedan constituir un sindicato en la empresa o en la industria. El presente estudio aborda esta problemática integrando en su análisis tanto la interpretación normativa como los datos estadísticos oficiales para dilucidar esta interrogante. The level of membership of trade Unions in Latin America is low. This affects the level of representation of workers by the unions. However, this statement would leave aside the fact that the national legislation formally prevents a substantive number of workers to establish a union in the enterprise or in the industry. The present investigate clarifies this issue based on an analysis or the normative framework and based on official statistical data

Additive manufacturing of mode converters in Ku and Q bands by selective laser sintering: experience and results

In recent years, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has turned out as a disruptive technology [1]. Fast production, rapid prototyping or adaptability, are essential concepts in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, biotech, etc. [2], [3]. In microwave engineering, the main advantages of AM are the possibility to produce customized items and the complexity of the implemented geometries compared with other technologies such as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining, injection moulding, casting or Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). Nowadays, AM technologies are focused on the development of the next generation of microwave and millimetrewave devices. Regarding high-frequency circuits, and more specifically in the case of waveguide technology devices, the impact has been very relevant [4]. The initial efforts have been focused on filters, couplers, feed components and antennas. However, in this work the experience and results with other sort of devices, i.e., the mode converters, will be exposed. These broadband devices without resonant behaviour and strong electromagnetic fields are especially well-suited to cope with the two main problems of AM, i.e., the manufacturing accuracy and the surface roughness. Two different mode converters have been designed and manufactured by means of Selective Laser Sintering technology using aluminium alloy powder. The first one is a TE10 rectangular mode to TM01 circular mode converter in Ku-band and the second one is a TE10 rectangular mode to TE01 circular mode flared-type converter in Q-band. The experimental results obtained in both cases will be presented in detail. In addition, the issues related to the orientation of the parts inside the building chamber and other undesirable effects such as spikes due to manufacturing asymmetries, will be shared with the scientific community

Recommendation of Tourist Points of Interest using the Web as source

Este artículo presenta un sistema de recomendación híbrido, basado en contenido y comunidad de usuarios, para recomendar a los usuarios los lugares próximos más afines a sus gustos. El contenido se extrae de forma automática de la web oficial del punto de interés. Destacamos los buenos resultados obtenidos cuando la información recuperada para cada lugar de su sitio web es descriptiva. Nuestros experimentos se han realizado sobre los datos ofrecidos por la organización del Contextual Suggestion Track en TREC 2014, una tarea exigente donde la información de los usuarios es dispersa y cuyas recomendaciones se deben obtener a partir de coordenadas geográficas y poca información adicional.This paper introduces a hybrid recommender system, based on both content and community of users, to suggest places according to user's interests. The content has been automatically extracted from official web page of each place. We remark the promising results obtained when the official web site provides descriptive content. Our experiments have been performed on the Contextual Suggestion Track dataset from TREC 2014, a competitive task where information about users is very sparse and recommendations must come from only GPS coordinates and few additional information.Este trabajo se ha desarrollado gracias a la financiación parcial del proyecto ATTOS (TIN2012-38536-C03-0) del Gobierno de España y del proyecto CEATIC-2013-01 de la Universidad de Jaén

Human Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae Infection, Spain

Human Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae Infection, Spai

Linguistic metaphor labelling for a Spanish document dataset

En este trabajo se han etiquetado manualmente las metáforas lingüísticas presentes en la colección de documentos utilizados en SemEval 2013 en la tarea correspondiente a desambiguación léxica en español. El objetivo del trabajo es doble: por un lado realizar una primera aproximación de las dificultades específicas que presenta la identificación de metáforas en el idioma español, y por otro crear un nuevo recurso lingüístico conformado por una colección documental en español que tiene etiquetadas ciertas palabras tanto con su sentido literal como metafórico.This paper introduces the work performed to manually label linguistic metaphors in the document collection of SemEval 2013, in the Spanish lexical disambiguation task. The objectives of this work are two: first, to make a prior identification of the difficulties inherent in metaphor detection in Spanish, and second, to generate a new linguistic resource as a collection of Spanish documents with certain terms label with both, the literal and the metaphoric sense.Esta investigación ha sido subvencionada por el proyecto ATTOS (TIN2012-38536-C03-01) financiado por el Gobierno de España y el proyecto europeo FIRST (FP7-287607)

Pictogrammar, pictograms based communication with grammatical support

Diversos trastornos, como los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), afectan a la capacidad de comunicación de las personas desde edades tempranas. Para muchos de estos casos se utilizan métodos de comunicación aumentativa y adaptativa (CAA) con el fin de desarrollar o recuperar la capacidad de comunicación. Pictogrammar es un sistema CAA completo que hace uso de una ontología propia, denominada PictOntology, con el fin de mejorar estos problemas de comunicación.Several disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affect the ability of communication of people from an early age. For many of these cases and adaptive and augmentative communication methods (AAC) are used to develop or regain communication skills. Pictogrammar is a complete AAC system which uses an ontology itself, called PictOntology, in order to improve these communication problems.Este trabajo está parcialmente financiado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y el proyecto REDES (TIN2015-65136-C2-1-R) del gobierno de España

Experimental infection with a low virulence isolate of Neospora caninum at 70 days gestation in cattle did not result in foetopathy

The Nc-Spain 1H isolate of Neospora caninum, which was newly obtained from the brain of a congenitally asymptomatic infected calf, demonstrated a reduced in vitro tachyzoite yield and viability rate, as well as low virulence in mouse models. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of this isolate to induce foetal death in a pregnant bovine model. For this purpose, 13 naïve pregnant heifers were divided into three groups and were experimentally challenged with either 107 tachyzoites of Nc-1 (group 1, n = 5), Nc-Spain 1H (group 2, n = 5) isolates or phosphate-buffered saline (group 3, n = 3) intravenously at 70 days of gestation. After inoculation, pregnancy was monitored and dams were sacrificed when foetal death was detected. The remaining animals were slaughtered at 45 days post-infection. Maternal and foetal samples were collected for examination by histology and parasite DNA detection. Parasitaemia, specific anti-N. caninum IgG and interferon γ responses were also studied. At 3–4 weeks after infection, foetal death was detected in 3 out of 5 Nc-1-infected dams. However, no evidence of foetal death was observed in either Nc-Spain 1H-infected or control groups during the period studied. The most severe histopathological lesions were observed in the placenta and foetal organs from Nc-1-infected cattle that exhibited foetal death. It was in these animals that N. caninum DNA was more frequently detected. Parasitaemia was observed in all Nc-1-infected dams and in only 3 out of 5 Nc-Spain 1H-infected animals. The magnitude of the immune response was significantly higher in the Nc-1-inoculated group than in the group inoculated with the Nc-Spain 1H isolate. These data reveal the reduced virulence of the Nc-Spain 1H isolate in cattle