A review on the electrochemical production of chlorine dioxide from chlorates and hydrogen peroxide

Chlorine dioxide is one of the most interesting oxidants because it combines a strong capacity of oxidation with low formation of hazardous byproducts such as chlorinated organics during its application. Because of that, it is widely used in disinfection of drinking water and, currently, it is aimed to be used in the disinfection of surfaces or buildings. Although it is usually produced by the chemical interaction of chlorite with hypochlorite/chlorine or hydrochloric acid, one interesting alternative for its production is the combination in strongly acidic media of chlorate and hydrogen peroxide. Both compounds are known to be efficiently manufactured with electrochemical technology, opening the possibility of a complete electrochemical process to produce this important oxidant. This review summarizes the recent progress in the electrochemical production of the two raw materials, as well as the complete electrochemical production of chlorine dioxide, not only paying attention to the scientific literature but, most importantly, to recent patents, trying to see in which technology readiness level are each of the technologies and what are the elements of the value chain required for a complete implementation of the technolo

Violência na senescência: um fluxograma multiprofissional/

O estudo propõe um fluxograma visando possibilitar ao profissional da ESF uma conduta multiprofissional de identificação e enfrentamento da violência contra o idoso. Além do estudo de série de casos suspeitos de agressão ao idoso na ESF de Nazaré. O artigo contou com a pesquisa dos termos: “Violência contra idoso’’ e ‘’Agressão ao idoso’’, nas bases de dados MedLine, UptoDate, Google Doc e Scielo, sendo encontrados 170 documentos na língua inglesa e portuguesa, dos quais 28 eram relatos de caso, 76 eram revisões, 12 manuais e 54 eram artigos originais. Dentre eles, foram eliminados 88 artigos devido aos seus temas não se relacionarem diretamente com a proposta deste artigo e mais 23 foram excluídos por terem uma metodologia pouco explicativa, dentre os restantes foram escolhidos os 28 artigos utilizados neste trabalho, os quais abordavam o tema de forma mais concreta. Dessa revisão foi criado um fluxograma, junto com um texto base, o qual sistematiza o que cada profissional da ESF (psicologia, fisioterapia, medicina, enfermagem, agente comunitário e odontologia) pode fazer para conduzir, conjuntamente, esses casos. Assim, Esse diagrama orientará os profissionais sobre como denunciar, evitar e corrigir situações de violência contra o idoso de maneira multiprofissional. Isso possibilitará a ESF tratar as morbidades do idoso, respeitando suas características socioculturais, econômicas e familiares

Desafios e Implicações do Uso de Psicoestimulantes entre Estudantes: Uma Análise Crítica da Literatura

This paper presents a literature review on the use of psycho stimulants by college students. Through a comprehensive analysis of scientific articles, the prevalence, motivations, consequences, and trends of this behavior were investigated. The results highlight the significant prevalence of non-medical use of psycho stimulants among college students, as well as the varied motivations behind this behavior, including the pursuit of academic performance enhancement. However, risks to physical and mental health, as well as ethical and academic concerns associated with the use of these substances, were also identified. This work emphasizes the importance of comprehensive, evidence-based approaches to prevent and reduce non-medical use of psycho stimulants among college students, aiming to promote a healthy and safe academic environment.Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso de psicoestimulantes por estudantes universitários. Através de uma análise abrangente de artigos científicos, foram investigadas a prevalência, motivações, consequências e tendências desse comportamento. Os resultados destacam a prevalência significativa do uso não médico de psicoestimulantes entre estudantes universitários, bem como as motivações variadas que levam a esse comportamento, incluindo a busca por melhoria do desempenho acadêmico. No entanto, também foram identificados riscos à saúde física e mental, bem como preocupações éticas e acadêmicas associadas ao uso dessas substâncias. Este trabalho ressalta a importância de abordagens abrangentes e baseadas em evidências para prevenir e reduzir o uso não médico de psicoestimulantes entre estudantes universitários, visando promover um ambiente acadêmico saudável e seguro

Emergências Psiquiátricas: Estratégias de Triagem e Intervenção - Uma Revisão Sistemática

Psychiatric emergencies represent a complex intersection between mental health and emergency medicine, requiring specific approaches for screening, assessment, and immediate intervention. This systematic review examined current literature on strategies for managing psychiatric emergencies, including anxiety crises, suicidal ideation, and psychotic episodes. Reviewed studies highlighted the importance of early screening, comprehensive assessment, and multidisciplinary interventions to improve clinical outcomes. Ethical considerations and limitations were acknowledged, emphasizing the need for sensitive and evidence-based approaches to psychiatric emergency management.Emergências psiquiátricas representam uma interseção complexa entre saúde mental e medicina de emergência, exigindo abordagens específicas para triagem, avaliação e intervenção imediata. Esta revisão sistemática analisou a literatura atual sobre estratégias de manejo de emergências psiquiátricas, incluindo crises de ansiedade, ideação suicida e surtos psicóticos. Os estudos revisados destacaram a importância da triagem precoce, avaliação abrangente e intervenções multidisciplinares para melhorar os desfechos clínicos. Considerações éticas e limitações foram reconhecidas, destacando a necessidade de abordagens sensíveis e baseadas em evidências para o manejo de emergências psiquiátricas

RESILIENCE IN MIGRAINE BRAINS: DECREASE OF COHERENCE AFTER PHOTIC STIMULATION

Background: During migraine attacks, patients generally have photophobia and phonophobia and seek for environments with less sensorial stimulation. Present work aimed to quantify cortical partial directed coherence (PDC) of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from migraine patients and controls in occipital, parietal and frontal areas with or without photic stimulation. Our hypothesis is that migraine patients with visual aura might have neuronal networks with higher coherence than controls even in interictal periods due to a predisposition in sensory cortical processing. Methods: Eleven adult women with migraine with visual aura (at least 48 hours without previous attacks) and seven healthy adult woman were submitted to EEG recording in basal state and during photic stimulation. Results: When compared to healthy volunteers, migraine patients show different coherence profiles. Migraine patients had greater coherence than controls during the basal period (without photic stimulation), showing predisposition for sensory processing in many frequency ranges. After photic stimulation, patients showed a decrease in cortical coherence while controls had an increase. Conclusions: When compared to healty subjects, migraineurs show increased cortical coherence before photic stimulation, but a decrease when stimulation starts. This may be the expression of a resilience mechanism that allows migraineurs the interictal period. The PDC analysis permits to address a patient coherence profile, or coherence map, that can be utilized for management of the headache disorder or following up treatments

Factors associated to mortality in children with critical COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a resource-poor setting

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is usually asymptomatic/mild. However, some patients may develop critical forms. We aimed to describe characteristics and evaluate the factors associated to in-hospital mortality of patients with critical COVID-19/MIS-C in the Amazonian region. This multicenter prospective cohort included critically ill children (1 mo–18 years old), with confirmed COVID-19/MIS-C admitted to 3 tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) in the Brazilian Amazon, between April/2020 and May/2023. The main outcome was in-hospital mortality and were evaluated using a multivariable Cox proportional regression. We adjusted the model for pediatric risk of mortality score version IV (PRISMIV) score and age/comorbidity. 266 patients were assessed with 187 in the severe COVID-19 group, 79 included in the MIS-C group. In the severe COVID-19 group 108 (57.8%) were male, median age was 23 months, 95 (50.8%) were up to 2 years of age. Forty-two (22.5%) patients in this group died during follow-up in a median time of 11 days (IQR, 2–28). In the MIS-C group, 56 (70.9%) were male, median age was 23 months and median follow-up was 162 days (range, 3–202). Death occurred in 17 (21.5%) patients with a median death time of 7 (IQR, 4–13) days. The mortality was associated with higher levels of Vasoactive Inotropic-Score (VIS), presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), higher levels of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, (ESR) and thrombocytopenia. Critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 and MIS-C from the Brazilian Amazon showed a high mortality rate, within 12 days of hospitalization

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora