Defining success on their own terms: Narratives of American Indian/Alaska Native master’s degree recipients from a predominantly white institution

This is a qualitative, basic interpretive study of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) tribal college/university (TCU) alumni of Haskell Indian Nations University who have subsequently completed and graduated with their master’s degree from a large, predominantly white research university, the University of Kansas between 2013-2019. The purpose of this study is to understand their experiences and successes as graduate students completing their programs at a predominantly white institution. A sub-goal is to identify factors that were effective in their persistence as master’s students. Harper’s Anti-Deficit Achievement Framework (2010) was the inspiration in developing the interview. This study highlights the positive aspects of AI/AN graduate students experiences, shares the success of the students. and includes the challenges and barriers commonly referenced in research studies and scholarly articles for context. The findings from this study shows the main factor in AI/AN graduate student success was support received from family, faculty, mentors and remaining culturally connected. This study encourages more research to be done on AI/AN undergraduate and graduate students and seeks to contribute to the current literature as well as make recommendations for practice and future research

Avancée dans la prévention des « chutes de plain-pied » au travail

La chute de plain-pied reste un accident du travail fréquent et grave. La terminologie qualifiant ces accidents est variée, relativement imprécise et n’intègre pas la diversité des accidents rencontrés sous les différentes appellations. L’intérêt de considérer une catégorie d’accidents du travail avec perturbation du mouvement (APM) est tout d’abord mis en évidence à partir de divers extraits de récits d’accidents. Un modèle est ensuite proposé pour les APM montrant que, dans ces cas particuliers d’accident la blessure est souvent la conséquence de l’association fortuite entre l’énergie du mouvement perturbé de la victime et un élément matériel rendu blessant de par ses propriétés et appelé a posteriori un « danger circonstanciel ». Enfin, le raisonnement qui sous-tend la classification de ces accidents est explicité. Il apparaît notamment que la prévention ciblant les causes immédiates de la blessure est difficile voire impossible dans les cas d’APM en raison principalement des exigences inhérentes au travail et de contraintes que ferait peser sur l’entreprise l’application de cette prévention. La prévention à la source du risque tend alors à devenir la seule possible. Ainsi, de banal, l’APM devient un révélateur de dysfonctionnements au sein du système de production.Falls on the same level remain frequent and serious occupational accidents. The terminology used to describe these accidents is varied and somewhat imprecise. Moreover it does not integrate the variety of accidents with different names. The advantage of considering an occupational accident category with motion perturbation (MPA) is demonstrated, based on extracts from various occupational accident accounts. A model is then proposed for MPAs that shows that in these specific cases of accidents, the injury often results from a fortuitous association between the victim’ perturbed motion energy and a physical element that causes injury due to its properties and subsequently called a “circumstantial hazard”. Finally, the reasoning behind the MPA classification is explained. In particular, it appears that prevention that focuses on the immediate causes of the injury is difficult, even impossible, in MPA cases, essentially because of requirements inherent in the work and the constraints on the enterprise to implement this prevention. Prevention implemented at the source of the risk therefore seems to be the only feasible solution. From commonplace accidents, MPAs reveal dysfunctions within the production system.Las caídas al mismo nivel continúan siendo un accidente laboral frecuente y grave. La terminología usada para describir estos accidentes es variada, relativamente imprecisa y no integra la diversidad de accidentes encontrados bajo diferentes apelaciones. En un inicio, el interés de considerar una categoría de accidentes con una perturbación del movimiento (APM) es puesto en evidencia a partir de diversos extractos de relatos de accidentes laborales. A continuación, un modelo es propuesto para los APM, mostrando que en estos accidentes la lesión resulta a menudo de una asociación fortuita entre la energía del movimiento perturbado de la víctima y un elemento material, convertido en agresor por sus propiedades y subsecuentemente llamado un « peligro circunstancial ». Finalmente, el razonamiento detrás de la clasificación de estos accidentes es explicado. En particular, parece ser que la prevención enfocada en las causas inmediatas de la lesión es difícil, incluso imposible en los casos de APM, debido esencialmente a las exigencias inherentes al trabajo y a las dificultades que pesarían en la empresa para la implantación de esta prevención. La prevención realizada en la fuente del riesgo tiende entonces a convertirse en la única posibilidad. Así pues, los APM pasan de ser accidentes banales a ser reveladores de las disfunciones dentro de un sistema de producción

First insights into serum metabolomics of trenbolone/estradiol implanted bovines; screening model to predict hormone-treated and control animals’ status

International audienceThe use of anabolic agents in livestock production is a subject of much concern. Although prohibited for more than 20&nbsp;years within the EU, growth promoting practices are still widely suspected. To meet the current challenges for detecting illicit practices, ‘omics’ strategies have recently been demonstrated as important new investigative tools. These investigations, based on the observation of physiological disturbances, mainly in urine, demonstrated the possibility to monitor biomarkers enabling high throughput determination of animal status in terms of hormonal treatment. In this context, serum was investigated for the first time as an alternative and potential complementary sample type. A metabolomic approach based on liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, was exploited in order to, highlight metabolic perturbations in serum of Revalor-XS® (trenbolone acetate/estradiol) implanted bovines. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to establish descriptive and predictive models. These models enabled the discrimination of anabolised from control animals, and highlighted a number of metabolites which contributed the most in the observed discrimination. Further, a screening model combining a set of selected markers intensities was generated and it successfuly classified animals according to their status, up to 4&nbsp;weeks post Revalor-XS® implant. This research indicates, for the first time, that serum metabolomics has an important role in screening to detect for anabolic misuse in bovines.</p

The Reflex Effects on the Respiratory Regulation of the CO2 at the Different Flow Rate and Concentration

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the activation of the respiratory centers during insufflation of the larynx with CO2 at different flow rates and concentrations. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out in spontaneous air breathing rabbits, anesthetized with thiopental sodium (25 mg kg(-1) i.v.). The larynx was separated from the oropharyngeal cavity and the trachea. The tidal volume (V-T) and respiratory frequency (f min(-1)) were recorded from the lower tracheal cannula. The respiratory minute volume (V-E) was calculated, the action potentials from the right phrenic nerve were recorded and the inspiratory (T-I) and expiratory (T-E) periods and the mean inspiratory flow rate (V-T/T-I) were calculated. The larynx was insufflated at flow rates of 500 mL min(-1) and 750 mL min(-1), with 7 and 12% CO2-Air by means of a respiratory pump. Results: Insufflation of the larynx, with both gas mixtures, decreased the f and VT significantly. The T, and TE were found to increase significantly due to the decreasing in f. There was a significant decrease in V-T/T-I ratio. Following bilateral midcervical vagotomy, on the passing of both gas mixtures, significant decreases were observed in the VT, and the responses of f, T, and TE were abolished. After cutting the superior laryngeal nerve, the responses of the VT to both gas mixtures were abolished. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study purpose that the stimulation of the laryngeal mechanoreceptors by the effect of hypercapnia decreases the activation of the respiratory center

PrCYP707A1, an ABA catabolic gene, is a key component of Phelipanche ramosa seed germination in response to the strigolactone analogue GR24

After a conditioning period, seed dormancy in obligate root parasitic plants is released by a chemical stimulus secreted by the roots of host plants. Using Phelipanche ramosa as the model, experiments conducted in this study showed that seeds require a conditioning period of at least 4 d to be receptive to the synthetic germination stimulant GR24. A cDNA-AFLP procedure on seeds revealed 58 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) whose expression pattern changed upon GR24 treatment. Among the isolated TDFs, two up-regulated sequences corresponded to an abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic gene, PrCYP707A1, encoding an ABA 8\u27-hydroxylase. Using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, two full-length cDNAs, PrCYP707A1 and PrCYP707A2, were isolated from seeds. Both genes were always expressed at low levels during conditioning during which an initial decline in ABA levels was recorded. GR24 application after conditioning triggered a strong up-regulation of PrCYP707A1 during the first 18h, followed by an 8-fold decrease in ABA levels detectable 3 d after treatment. In situ hybridization experiments on GR24-treated seeds revealed a specific PrCYP707A1 mRNA accumulation in the cells located between the embryo and the micropyle. Abz-E2A, a specific inhibitor of CYP707A enzymes, significantly impeded seed germination, proving to be a non-competitive antagonist of GR24 with reversible inhibitory activity. These results demonstrate that P. ramosa seed dormancy release relies on ABA catabolism mediated by the GR24-dependent activation of PrCYP707A1. In addition, in situ hybridization corroborates the putative location of cells receptive to the germination stimulants in seeds

Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA)

Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Findings Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-beta-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74-15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03-3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25-3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00-1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40-5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23-0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Interpretation The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous coloni-zation, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics

Prise de risque, "dérives" et autres imprudences.

Examen de la spécificité et des différentes composantes de la prise de risque au travail : le danger, l'opérateur et les circonstances susceptibles de les mettre en présence. La prise de risque s'exprime par des comportements très différents selon qu'il s'agit d'une situation où le danger est manifeste, d'une situation incidentelle ou enfin d'une situation dans laquelle ne persistent que des risques peu critiques. Dans ce dernier cas, la notion de dérive est présentée. Dans un deuxième temps sont examinées les différentes modalités d'obtention d'un comportement conforme par les opérateurs. La règle, l'information, les actions propagandistes (concours de sécurité notamment) et la gestion par les valeurs ou le contrôle idéologique sont analysés en tant que processus d'influence. En conclusion, la prise de risque est envisagée comme le résultat d'une confrontation entre les exigences techniques de la situation de travail et les différentes logiques de prudence recensées