Examining the relations between principals’ self-Image and conflict management styles

The present study aimed to identify the relation between school managers’ self-image and their conflict management styles. The study was done among 40 managers of high schools in Esfaraien town, who were selected by the help of Bureau of Education of this town by census method. All managers had official notice of charge of management. The results indicated that there is no meaningful relation between self-image and conflict management styles, there is no meaningful relation between self-image and conflict management styles in relation to the gender, and finally in a strategic research the results showed that most of managers have used solution orientation as the management technique

Examining the relations between principals’ self-Image and conflict management styles

The present study aimed to identify the relation between school managers’ self-image and their conflict management styles. The study was done among 40 managers of high schools in Esfaraien town, who were selected by the help of Bureau of Education of this town by census method. All managers had official notice of charge of management. The results indicated that there is no meaningful relation between self-image and conflict management styles, there is no meaningful relation between self-image and conflict management styles in relation to the gender, and finally in a strategic research the results showed that most of managers have used solution orientation as the management technique

Information Bank of Phytoremedial Plants in Arid and Semi-Arid Rangeland Ecosystems

Accumulation of heavy elements by human activities in ecosystems and food chains created hazards for human, plants and ecosystems. Among different methods of managing heavy elements in the environment, using phytoremedial plants has emerged as an efficient way to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in soils (Shtangeeva, 2008). This research examines the efficiency of this heavy metal reduction strategy in dry rangeland ecosystems

Relationship between changes in heart rate variability indices and blood glucose control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the mostcommon health problems in the community.DM is associated with pathologicchanges in the cardiovascular system due to alterations inthe autonomic nervous system (ANS). Dysfunction of thecardiovascular ANS can lead to fatal arrhythmias and suddendeath. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationshipbetween changes in heart rate variability (HRV)indices and blood glucose control status in patients withtype 2 DM. Patients with type 2 DM who presented toour university Diabetes Clinic were eligible to be included.Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial bloodglucose test (2PPG), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) weremeasured. According to the HbA1C the patients werecategorized as euglycemia (HbA1C <7%) and poorly controlledDM (HbA1C >7%). HRV indices were determinedby 24-hour Holter monitoring. There were 41 patientswith euglycemia and 39 patients whose blood glucosewas poorly controlled. pNN, SDANN, and SDNN indiceswere significantly higher in the euglycemia group thanin the group with poorly controlled glucose. There wassignificant and inverse correlation between pNN, SDANN,and SDNN with serum levels of HBA1C. However, no significantcorrelation was observed between FBS and 2PPGwith HRV indices. HRV indices were significantly lowerin diabetic patients with poorly controlled blood glucosewhen compared to diabetics with good control of bloodglucose. These findings reflect dysfunction of the ANS inpatents with poorly controlled blood glucose

The short form endometriosis health profile (EHP-5): translation and validation study of the Iranian version

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-5) is a valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life in endometriosis. This study was conducted to culturally adapt and validate the EHP-5 in Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a standard "forward-backward' translation procedure, the English language version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian (Iranian language). Then a sample of 199 women aged 18-50 years completed the questionnaire. To test reliability the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was evaluated using known groups comparison.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean age of respondents was 31.4 (SD = 5.4) years. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.71). The questionnaire discriminated well between sub-groups of women differing in infertility and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in the expected direction.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This preliminary validation study of the Iranian version of the EHP-5 proved that it is an acceptable, reliable and valid measure of quality of life in endometriosis patients.</p

Factors Affecting Rangeland Utilization by Ranchers in the Golestan Rangelands, Iran

In Iran, rangelands produce most of the forage resources for livestock. There are various types of traditional grazing systems for the utilization of rangelands, including the consultative, collective and operational multiplayer systems. In the consultative type, certain people are selected by the ranchers and they determine the utilization method and manage grazing. In the collective system, all ranchers use rangeland in common. In the operational multiplayer system, rangelands are used in common but the ranchers share rangelands by rancher-rancher negotiation. This research was undertaken to investigate the human factors as rancher\u27s effect on rangeland utilization in different systems above mentioned

Investigation of the Fire Effects on Some Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil (Case Study: Miankaleh Rangeland, Iran)

Fire is one of the ecological factors that can have positive and negative effects on ecosystem processes. Nevertheless, prescribed burning is considered to be an important tool for grassland management, particularly to manipulate the balance between grasses and shrubs (Scheintaub et al. 2009). In Iran, for example, Khodagholi et al. (2001) in the Samirom rangelands of Isfahan Province suggest that fire reduces the shrubs cover and production and leads to the expansion of grasses. Sharifi and Imani (2006) showed that in the semi-steppe of Khalkhal Province shrub cover decreased in contrast to permanent grasses after fire was applied. However, others report that fire can reduce production and plant diversity due to affects on the range soil properties. This research investigated the effects of fire on some soil physico-chemical characteristics in the Miankaleh rangeland in northern Iran

Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Calcium-Enriched Mixture for Pulp Capping of Sound Primary Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) has been used for regeneration of osseous defects. Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement is also used for various dental treatments. This trial compared the efficacy of NHA and CEM cement for direct pulp capping (DPC) of sound primary teeth. Methods and Materials: In this randomized clinical trial with split-mouth design, after attaining informed consent, 20 sound primary canines scheduled for orthodontic extraction, were selected. After mechanical pulp exposure, the exposed site was capped with either NHA or CEM cement and then immediately restored with glass-ionomer and resin composite. The teeth were extracted after two months and examined histologically. Parameters of hard tissue bridge (HTB) formation, its type and quality as well as pulpal inflammation scores were compared between the two experimental groups. The data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney U and Fisher’s exact test. The level of significance was set at 0.001. Results: All CEM specimens showed inflammation score of 0 (less than 10%). However, in NHA group, inflammation scores of 0 (less than 10%), 1 (10%-30%) and 2 (30%-50%) were observed in 2 (20%), 4 (40%) and 4 (40%) specimens, respectively (P&lt;0.001). HTB was formed in all CEM specimens while it was developed in 2 specimens of NHA (20%; P&lt;0.001). All CEM specimens showed normal pulp; only two cases in NHA group (20%) demonstrated uninflamed normal pulp. Conclusion: CEM cement was superior to NHA as a DPC agent in terms of HTB formation and pulp inflammation scores. It is a suitable material for the DPC of primary teeth

Generation of viable blastocysts from discarded human cleavage embryos

AbstractBackgroundWhile a relationship between embryo morphology, developmental ability, and genetic integrity exists, the selection of embryos with higher implantation potential remains a major challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study investigated blastocyst developmental competence and euploidy status in human embryos that had been classed as too poor quality to transfer (ET) or cryopreserve at the cleavage stage.Embryos were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n= 41) included good quality embryos from candidates of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Groups II and III were the "rejected" supernumerary embryos, defined as suboptimal for ET or vitrification after morphological examination, with embryos randomly divided between the groups. Group II embryos (n= 31) were cultured up to the day 3 cleavage stage, when they were biopsied and fixed. Group III embryos (n= 27) were cultured up to the day 5 blastocyst stage, when they were evaluated for morphology and chromosomal status. Chromosomal status in all groups was assessed by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y.ResultsEuploidy rates in groups I, II, and III were 56.1%, 38.7%, and 55.5 %, respectively. Among the blastocysts that developed from "rejected" embryos, 59.3% were classed as good quality. The most frequent chromosomal aneuploidy was related to the sex chromosome (22.2%). The mosaicism rate was not significantly different between the group II and III embryos (25.8% vs. 37.0%,p= 0.28).ConclusionIn conclusion, surplus poor-quality embryos rejected from clinical utilization at the cleavage stage may develop into viable blastocysts with normal chromosomal status for at least 5 chromosomes. Recovery of euploidy during poor-quality embryo transition from cleavage stage to blastocyst could provide an alternative choice for ET