Copy number variation mapping and genomic variation of autochthonous and commercial turkey populations

This study aims at investigating genomic diversity of several turkey populations using Copy Number Variants (CNVs). A total of 115 individuals from six Italian breeds (Colle Euganei, Bronzato Comune Italiano, Parma e Piacenza, Brianzolo, Nero d\u2019Italia, and Ermellinato di Rovigo), seven Narragansett, 38 commercial hybrids, and 30 Mexican turkeys, were genotyped with the Affymetrix 600K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) turkey array. The CNV calling was performed with the Hidden Markov Model of PennCNV software and with the Copy Number Analysis Module of SVS 8.4 by Golden Helix\uae. CNV were summarized into CNV regions (CNVRs) at population level using BEDTools. Variability among populations has been addressed by hierarchical clustering (pvclust R package) and by principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 2,987 CNVs were identified covering 4.65% of the autosomes of the Turkey_5.0/melGal5 assembly. The CNVRs identified in at least two individuals were 362\u2014189 gains, 116 losses, and 57 complexes. Among these regions the 51% contain annotated genes. This study is the first CNV mapping of turkey population using 600K chip. CNVs clustered the individuals according to population and their geographical origin. CNVs are known to be indicators also of adaptation, as some researches in different species are suggesting

Detección serológica del Virus Papiloma Humano en mujeres mayores de 20 años. Caso sector “Gary Esparza”, Babahoyo, Ecuador // Serological detection of human papilloma virus in women over 20 years. “Gary Esparza” sector, Babahoyo, Ecuador

El Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV) tiene un genoma ADN bicatenario perteneciente a la familia de los Papovaviridae, tiene capacidad oncogénica en una variedad de mamíferos, en especial el hombre, en el que se conoce más de 200 serotipos y representa una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual más común, por su relación de patogenia oncológica. Se clasifica en tipos de alto y bajo riesgo oncológico (IARC), también se ha descrito otros tipos de infecciones como las orofaríngeas y amigdalitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el cribado de detección de anticuerpos IgG contra los genotipos 6, 11, 16 y 18 del virus mencionado, mediante la técnica serológica de Microelisa. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, realizado en el primer semestre del año 2015 en el Sector Gary Esparza del cantón Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador, de un universo de 250 habitantes se tomaron muestras sanguíneas a 97 mujeres mayores de 20 años y determinó 8 casos positivos (8.25%), con ello se estableció el primer diagnóstico serológico en el país, lo que constituye una herramienta de detección preliminar o screening de un gran número de muestras. ABSTRACT The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a virus that has a double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the Papovaviridae family. It has oncogenic ability in a variety of mammals, especially man, in which more than 200 serotypes are known and represents one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases because of its relation to oncological pathogenesis.  It is classified into high and low cancer types (IARC), other types of infections such as oropharyngeal and tonsillitis have also been described. The objective of this study was to determine the screening of IgG antibodies against Human Papilloma Virus genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 using the Microelisa serological technique. A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out during the first semester of 2015 in the Gary Esparza Sector of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province, with a population of 250 habitants. Blood samples were taken from 97 women with 20 years old, being determined 8 positive cases (8.25%), establishing the first serological diagnosis in the country, which is a tool for preliminary screening or screening of a large number of samples

Genome-wide association studies for methane production in dairy cattle

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Genomic selection has been proposed for the mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions by cattle because there is considerable variability in CH4 emissions between individuals fed on the same diet. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) represents an important tool for the detection of candidate genes, haplotypes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers related to characteristics of economic interest. The present study included information for 280 cows in three dairy production systems in Mexico: 1) Dual Purpose (n = 100), 2) Specialized Tropical Dairy (n = 76), 3) Familiar Production System (n = 104). Concentrations of CH4 in a breath of individual cows at the time of milking (MEIm) were estimated through a system of infrared sensors. After quality control analyses, 21,958 SNPs were included. Associations of markers were made using a linear regression model, corrected with principal component analyses. In total, 46 SNPs were identified as significant for CH4 production. Several SNPs associated with CH4 production were found at regions previously described for quantitative trait loci of composition characteristics of meat, milk fatty acids and characteristics related to feed intake. It was concluded that the SNPs identified could be used in genomic selection programs in developing countries and combined with other datasets for global selection

Components of performance and biological efficiency of crossbred beef cattle with different genetic potential for milk

Three cow groups similar in growth and mature size but different in amount of milk provided to their calves (low (L) = Hereford x, medium (M) = Red Poll x and high (H) = Milking Shorthorn x Angus) were studied. Two gestation and one lactation trials were conducted to estimate maintenance energy requirements. Daily maintenance requirements during gestation were 18% lower than those during lactation. The H and M cows required 12% more energy per unit metabolic weight than L cows to maintain body weight. Variation in milk production explained 23% of the variation in maintenance requirements. Repeatabilities of mesurements ranged from.44 to.64. Maintenance requirements for calves under feedlot conditions in the postweaning phase were 11% higher for the H and M groups than those for the L group. Reproductive performance was not significantly affected by milk group under the pasture-feeding and management conditions in this study. Days to first postpartum estrus, calving date, pregnancy rate and calf-crop percentage were essentially the same. Average mature weights were 530, 476 and 503 kg for L, M and H cows, respectively. The highest weights were at weaning; the lowest were at calving (spring) for L and M cows and at the start of the breeding season for H cows. Biological efficiencies to weaning and slaughter were estimated as the ratio of estimated calf weight weaned or carcass weight produced by a 100-cow herd, to estimated metabolizable energy required by the cows and preweaning non-milk or preweaning non-milk and postweaning by the calves. Efficiencies to weaning were 28.1, 28.2 and 28.0 g/Mcal and to slaughter were 21.8, 20.8 and 20.0 g/Mcal for L, M and H cows, respectively

Economical and Biological Efficiencies of Beef Cattle Differing in Level of Milk Production

Economical and biological efficiencies of beef production to weaning and to slaughter were estimated in three groups, different in milk available (low, medium, and high) to the calves but with the same potential for growth. Data from different breed groups of cows (low [L] = Hereford x Angus, medium [M] = Red Poll x Angus, and high [H] = Milking Shorthorn x Angus) were used. Economical efficiency was the ratio of income to expenses and biological efficiency was the ratio of calf weight to total feed energy required. Income was derived from cull cows and calves at weaning or carcasses of calves fed to slaughter. Feed and non-feed expenses for the cowherd and for calves to weaning or to slaughter were included in economical efficiency. Efficiencies were estimated assuming observed reproductive rates and energy requirements for maintenance, as well as for equal reproductive rates and equal energy requirements for maintenance in the M and H groups. With slaughter were 28.1, 27.2, and 27.5 g of weaning weight and 22.0, 20.4, and 20.3 g of carcass weight per megacalorie of ME for L, M, and H, respectively; the corresponding values using equal reproduction and equal maintenance in M and H were 28.3, 27.2, and 27.4 g of weaning weight and 22.1, 20.5, and 20.5 g of carcass weight per megacalorie of ME. Economical efficiencies (dollars of income x 100/dollars of expense) under the observed reproductive rates and maintenance requirements were 90.3, 89.2, and 88.1 to weaning and were 99.5, 96.5, and 95.3 to slaughter for L, M, and H, respectively; under equal reproduction and equal maintenance in M and H, the efficiencies at weaning were 91.0, 88.4, and 88.9 and at slaughter were 100.0, 95.7, and 95.1. Across the two scenarios, L was always the most economically efficient, especially when evaluated at slaughter of calves. Economical efficiency comparisons agreed closely with the observed reproductive rates and maintenance biological efficiency comparisons of the three cattle requirements, biological efficiencies to weaning and to groups

Copy number variants reveal genomic diversity in a Mexican Creole cattle population

Mexican Creole Cattle (MCC) derived from cattle of the Iberian Peninsula, mainly from Andaluc\ueda and Extremadura, and were introduced in central America the 16th century. Copy Number Variants (CNVs) are structural variants contributing to the genetic diversity among populations and related to variation in phenotypic expression. More than half of the identified CNVs regions in human and livestock include protein-coding genes involved in essential function, as cellular functionality, metabolic pathways and disease susceptibility. The aim of this study is to investigate the CNVs genomic variation in the MCC population. A total of 48 unrelated individuals (5 males and 43 females) were genotyped with the BovineHD Genotyping BeadChip Illumina, containing 7,77,962 polymorphic SNPs. A total of 2170 CNVs were detected in 40 individuals, summarized into 733 CNV regions, covering 32.1 Mb of the bovine autosome genome. Functional analysis of the CNVRs identified 131 genes mainly involved in immune response and inflammation, and 923 overlapping QTL classified in six difference QTL-term categories. Cluster and PCA analyses showed a samples distribution in concordance with the geographical origins of the sub-populations, highlighting both a sharing genetic background together with a diversification of populations as a response to adaptation to different and adverse environments

Detección serológica del Virus Papiloma Humano en mujeres mayores de 20 años. Caso sector “Gary Esparza”, Babahoyo, Ecuador

ABSTRACT The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a virus that has a double-stranded DNA genome belonging to the Papovaviridae family. It has oncogenic ability in a variety of mammals, especially man, in which more than 200 serotypes are known and represents one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases because of its relation to oncological pathogenesis. It is classified into high and low cancer types (IARC), other types of infections such as oropharyngeal and tonsillitis have also been described. The objective of this study was to determine the screening of IgG antibodies against Human Papilloma Virus genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 using the Microelisa serological technique. A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out during the first semester of 2015 in the Gary Esparza Sector of Babahoyo, Los Ríos province, with a population of 250 habitants. Blood samples were taken from 97 women with 20 years old, being determined 8 positive cases (8.25%), establishing the first serological diagnosis in the country, which is a tool for preliminary screening or screening of a large number of samples.RESUMEN El Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV) tiene un genoma ADN bicatenario perteneciente a la familia de los Papovaviridae, tiene capacidad oncogénica en una variedad de mamíferos, en especial el hombre, en el que se conoce más de 200 serotipos y representa una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual más común, por su relación de patogenia oncológica. Se clasifica en tipos de alto y bajo riesgo oncológico (IARC), también se ha descrito otros tipos de infecciones como las orofaríngeas y amigdalitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el cribado de detección de anticuerpos IgG contra los genotipos 6, 11, 16 y 18 del virus mencionado, mediante la técnica serológica de Microelisa. Mediante un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal, realizado en el primer semestre del año 2015 en el Sector Gary Esparza del cantón Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador, de un universo de 250 habitantes se tomaron muestras sanguíneas a 97 mujeres mayores de 20 años y determinó 8 casos positivos (8.25%), con ello se estableció el primer diagnóstico serológico en el país, lo que constituye una herramienta de detección preliminar o screening de un gran número de muestras