Ungarische Migraten in Ungarn: Deserteure, Studierende und Berufstätige aus der Woiwodina zwischen transnationaler und ethnischer Migration

This paper deals with the short- and long-term consequences of the Yugoslav Wars on the emigration of Hungarians from Vojvodina to Hungary. We will show how the motives for emigration have changed over the last 20 years, from escape from the wars to labour migration during the economic crisis to a consciously chosen strategy of educational migration in the past decade. We analyse how the migrants reconstruct their migration stories and how they perceive them, how they deal with migration and what effect it has had on their identity construction. Finally, we put special emphasis on the question, whether these forms of migration can be understood as transnational migration with its respective transnational lifestyles or whether it is ethnic migration, in the framework of which Hungarians from the neighbouring states ‚return’ to their motherland, as it is often described

Ungarische Migraten in Ungarn: Deserteure, Studierende und Berufstätige aus der Woiwodina zwischen transnationaler und ethnischer Migration

This paper deals with the short- and long-term consequences of the Yugoslav Wars on the emigration of Hungarians from Vojvodina to Hungary. We will show how the motives for emigration have changed over the last 20 years, from escape from the wars to labour migration during the economic crisis to a consciously chosen strategy of educational migration in the past decade. We analyse how the migrants reconstruct their migration stories and how they perceive them, how they deal with migration and what effect it has had on their identity construction. Finally, we put special emphasis on the question, whether these forms of migration can be understood as transnational migration with its respective transnational lifestyles or whether it is ethnic migration, in the framework of which Hungarians from the neighbouring states ‚return’ to their motherland, as it is often described

A development of assistant surgical robot system based on surgical-operation-by-wire and hands-on-throttle-and-stick

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery offers several advantages compared with open surgery and conventional minimally invasive surgery. However, one issue that needs to be resolved is a collision between the robot arm and the assistant instrument. This is mostly caused by miscommunication between the surgeon and the assistant. To resolve this limitation, an assistant surgical robot system that can be simultaneously manipulated via a wireless controller is proposed to allow the surgeon to control the assistant instrument. METHODS: The system comprises two novel master interfaces (NMIs), a surgical instrument with a gripper actuated by a micromotor, and 6-axis robot arm. Two NMIs are attached to master tool manipulators of da Vinci research kit (dVRK) to control the proposed system simultaneously with patient side manipulators of dVRK. The developments of the surgical instrument and NMI are based on surgical-operation-by-wire concept and hands-on-throttle-and-stick concept from the earlier research, respectively. Tests for checking the accuracy, latency, and power consumption of the NMI are performed. The gripping force, reaction time, and durability are assessed to validate the surgical instrument. The workspace is calculated for estimating the clinical applicability. A simple peg task using the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery board and an in vitro test are executed with three novice volunteers. RESULTS: The NMI was operated for 185 min and reflected the surgeon’s decision successfully with a mean latency of 132 ms. The gripping force of the surgical instrument was comparable to that of conventional systems and was consistent even after 1000 times of gripping motion. The reaction time was 0.4 s. The workspace was calculated to be 8397.4 cm(3). Recruited volunteers were able to execute the simple peg task within the cut-off time and successfully performed the in vitro test without any collision. CONCLUSIONS: Various experiments were conducted and it is verified that the proposed assistant surgical robot system enables collision-free and simultaneous operation of the dVRK’s robot arm and the proposed assistant robot arm. The workspace is appropriate for the performance of various kinds of surgeries. Therefore, the proposed system is expected to provide higher safety and effectiveness for the current surgical robot system

Transnational migration and cross-border mobility in the Serbian-Hungarian border region

The study is aiming to present migrant groups in the Serbian-Hungarian border region which are playing a role in forming transnational migration, transnational networks and transnational spaces. Transnational migrants are using material, cultural, social and symbolical capital in various forms. The everyday activities of the people as well as their mobility, emotional attachments, and economic relationships have contributed to a transnational region the cross-border contacts in the last century were always present, even in spite of political and historical changes, only their intensity, political charge and tension has been changing. The asymmetries defining the border region has been reflected in different directions, places, time and in different volume. In this specially built and constantly reorganising scope, people who were living their everyday life have tried to use the differences for their benefit, and to improve their possibilities. With their transnational lifestyles and cross-border networks, they substantially contribute to the stability and prosperity of the cross-border region

Transnational Migration and Cross-border Mobility in the Serbian-Hungarian Border Region

The study is aiming to present migrant groups in the Serbian-Hungarian border region which are playing a role in forming transnational migration, ransnational networks and transnational spaces. Transnational migrants are using material, cultural, social and symbolical capital in various forms. The everyday activities of the people as well as their mobility, emotional attachments, and economic relationships have contributed to a transnational region the cross-border contacts in the last century were always present, even in spite of political and historical changes, only their intensity, political charge and tension has been changing. The asymmetries defining the border region has been reflected in different directions, places, time and in different volume. In this specially built and constantly reorganising scope, people who were living their everyday life have tried to use the differences for their benefit, and to improve their possibilities. With their transnational lifestyles and cross-border networks, they substantially contribute to the stability and prosperity of the cross-border region

Absorption spectroscopy of colored dissolved organic carbon in Georgia (USA) rivers: the impact of molecular size distribution

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was collected in six rivers that transect the coastal plain of Georgia in July 1999 and February 2000. DOC concentrations ranged from 4.9 to 40.7 g m-3 and from 7.1 to 40.5 g m-3, respectively. The absorption coefficient at 440 nm was highly correlated with DOC concentration, suggesting that the optical parameter may be utilized for rapid estimation of DOC in these waters. The isolated DOC was separated into fractions of operationally defined molecular size, using an ultrafiltration technique that yielded three fractions: <10 ("small"), 10-50 ("medium") and >50 ("large") kilodalton. The smallest fraction was the most abundant (>50%) in 4 rivers in July and in all rivers in February, and considerably more abundant than in previous years. The wavelength-dependent absorption of the total DOC and its fractions showed approximately uniform shape of a curve declining exponentially with the increase of wavelength. The average slope of logarithmically transformed curves was 0.0151 and 0.0159 nm-1, for the material collected in July and February, respectively and showed a dependence on DOC molecular size. In unfractionated DOC samples, the mass-specific light absorption determined at 440 nm was on average 0.33 m2 g-1 in July, and 0.26 m2 g-1 in February. The mass-specific absorption coefficient in all fractions ranged between 0.085 and 1.347 m2 g-1 in July and between 0.085 and 1.877 m2 g-1 in February, and was positively correlated with the molecular size of the measured samples. The results of the reported study clearly suggest that the specific absorption coefficient of the yellow substance is an outcome of the relative contribution of its different size fractions

Ungarische Migranten in Ungarn: Deserteure, Studierende und Berufstätige aus der Woiwodina zwischen transnationaler und ethnischer Migration. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft - Band 155 155|

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den kurz- und langfristigen Folgen der Jugoslawienkriege für die Emigration von Ungarn aus der Woiwodina [Vojvodina] nach Ungarn. Wir zeigen auf, wie sich die Motive für die Emigration über die letzten 20 Jahre verändert haben, von der Flucht während der Kriege über die Arbeitsmigration während der Krise zur bewusst gewählten Strategie der Bildungsmigration im vergangenen Jahrzehnt. Wir analysieren, wie die Migranten ihre Migrationsgeschichte rekonstruieren und diese wahrnehmen, wie sie mit der Migration umgehen und wie sich die Migration auf die Konstruktion ihrer Identität ausgewirkt hat. Schließlich legen wir besonderes Augenmerk auf die Frage, ob diese Formen der Migration als transnationale Migration mit entsprechenden transnationalen Lebensformen verstanden werden können oder ob es sich um ethnische Migration handelt, im Rahmen derer die Auslandsungarn ins „Vaterland2) zurückkehren“, wie dies oft dargestellt wird