Endocannabinoid Signaling is Critical for Habit Formation

Extended training can induce a shift in behavioral control from goal-directed actions, which are governed by action-outcome contingencies and sensitive to changes in the expected value of the outcome, to habits which are less dependent on action-outcome relations and insensitive to changes in outcome value. Previous studies in rats have shown that interval schedules of reinforcement favor habit formation while ratio schedules favor goal-directed behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying habit formation are not well understood. Endocannabinoids, which can function as retrograde messengers acting through presynaptic CB1 receptors, are highly expressed in the dorsolateral striatum, a key region involved in habit formation. Using a reversible devaluation paradigm, we confirmed that in mice random interval schedules also favor habit formation compared with random ratio schedules. We also found that training with interval schedules resulted in a preference for exploration of a novel lever, whereas training with ratio schedules resulted in less generalization and more exploitation of the reinforced lever. Furthermore, mice carrying either a heterozygous or a homozygous null mutation of the cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1) showed reduced habit formation and enhanced exploitation. The impaired habit formation in CB1 mutant mice cannot be attributed to chronic developmental or behavioral abnormalities because pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors specifically during training also impairs habit formation. Taken together our data suggest that endocannabinoid signaling is critical for habit formation

Malaria Diagnosis and Hospitalization Trends, Brazil

Malaria Diagnosis and Hospitalization Trends, Brazi

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

First measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections from Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron collider

We report the first measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios for pp¯ collisions at s√=1.96  TeV, based on their decays to electrons and muons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72  pb−1 recorded with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We test e-μ universality in W decays, and we measure the ratio of leptonic W and Z rates from which the leptonic branching fraction B(W→ℓν) can be extracted as well as an indirect value for the total width of the W and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element V c

Understanding Factors Associated With Psychomotor Subtypes of Delirium in Older Inpatients With Dementia

Objectives: Few studies have analyzed factors associated with delirium subtypes. In this study, we investigate factors associated with subtypes of delirium only in patients with dementia to provide insights on the possible prevention and treatments. Design: This is a cross-sectional study nested in the \u201cDelirium Day\u201d study, a nationwide Italian point-prevalence study. Setting and Participants: Older patients admitted to 205 acute and 92 rehabilitation hospital wards. Measures: Delirium was evaluated with the 4-AT and the motor subtypes with the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. Dementia was defined by the presence of a documented diagnosis in the medical records and/or prescription of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine prior to admission. Results: Of the 1057 patients with dementia, 35% had delirium, with 25.6% hyperactive, 33.1% hypoactive, 34.5% mixed, and 6.7% nonmotor subtype. There were higher odds of having venous catheters in the hypoactive (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.18-2.81) and mixed type of delirium (OR 2.23, CI 1.43-3.46), whereas higher odds of urinary catheters in the hypoactive (OR 2.91, CI 1.92-4.39), hyperactive (OR 1.99, CI 1.23-3.21), and mixed types of delirium (OR 2.05, CI 1.36-3.07). We found higher odds of antipsychotics both in the hyperactive (OR 2.87, CI 1.81-4.54) and mixed subtype (OR 1.84, CI 1.24-2.75), whereas higher odds of antibiotics was present only in the mixed subtype (OR 1.91, CI 1.26-2.87). Conclusions and Implications: In patients with dementia, the mixed delirium subtype is the most prevalent followed by the hypoactive, hyperactive, and nonmotor subtype. Motor subtypes of delirium may be triggered by clinical factors, including the use of venous and urinary catheters, and the use of antipsychotics. Future studies are necessary to provide further insights on the possible pathophysiology of delirium in patients with dementia and to address the optimization of the management of potential risk factors

Relation of Lipoprotein(a) Levels to Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Modification by Alirocumab Treatment

none1691siOBJECTIVE: In observational data, lower levels of lipoprotein(a) have been associated with greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Whether pharmacologic lowering of lipoprotein(a) influences incident type 2 diabetes is unknown. We determined the relationship of lipoprotein(a) concentration with incident type 2 diabetes and effects of treatment with alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial alirocumab was compared with placebo in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Incident diabetes was determined from laboratory, medication, and adverse event data. RESULTS: Among 13,480 patients without diabetes at baseline, 1,324 developed type 2 diabetes over a median 2.7 years. Median baseline lipoprotein(a) was 21.9 mg/dL. With placebo, 10 mg/dL lower baseline lipoprotein(a) was associated with hazard ratio 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.06, P < 0.001) for incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) by a median 23.2% with greater absolute reductions from higher baseline levels and no overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.85-1.05). At low baseline lipoprotein(a) levels, alirocumab tended to reduce incident type 2 diabetes, while at high baseline lipoprotein(a) alirocumab tended to increase incident type 2 diabetes compared with placebo (treatment-baseline lipoprotein(a) interaction P = 0.006). In the alirocumab group, a 10 mg/dL decrease in lipoprotein(a) from baseline was associated with hazard ratio 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.12; P = 0.0002) for incident type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration associated inversely with incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab had neutral overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes. However, treatment-related reductions in lipoprotein(a), more pronounced from high baseline levels, were associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Whether these findings pertain to other therapies that reduce lipoprotein(a) is undetermined.restrictedSchwartz G.G.; Szarek M.; Bittner V.A.; Bhatt D.L.; Diaz R.; Goodman S.G.; Jukema J.W.; Loy M.; Manvelian G.; Pordy R.; White H.D.; Steg P.G. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Committees and Investigators: Gregory G Schwartz, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Deepak L Bhatt, Vera A Bittner, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G Goodman, Robert A Harrington, J Wouter Jukema, Michael Szarek, Harvey D White, Andreas M Zeiher, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T Roe, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Jay M Edelberg, Corinne Hanotin, Guillaume Lecorps, Angèle Moryusef, Robert Pordy, William J Sasiela, Jean-François Tamby, Philip E Aylward, Heinz Drexel, Peter Sinnaeve, Mirza Dilic, Renato D Lopes, Nina N Gotcheva, Juan-Carlos Prieto, Huo Yong, Patricio López-Jaramillo, Ivan Pećin, Zeljko Reiner, Petr Ostadal, Margus Viigimaa, Markku S Nieminen, Vakhtang Chumburidze, Nikolaus Marx, Nicolas Danchin, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro Valdovinos, Hung-Fat Tse, Robert Gabor Kiss, Denis Xavier, Doron Zahger, Marco Valgimigli, Takeshi Kimura, Hyo Soo Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Andrejs Erglis, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Khalid Yusoff, Gabriel Arturo Ramos López, Marco Alings, Sigrun Halvorsen, Roger M Correa Flores, Andrzej Budaj, Joao Morais, Maria Dorobantu, Yuri Karpov, Arsen D Ristic, Terrance Chua, Jan Murin, Zlatko Fras, Anthony J Dalby, José Tuñón, H Asita de Silva, Emil Hagström, Ulf Landmesser, Chern-En Chiang, Piyamitr Sritara, Sema Guneri, Alexander Parkhomenko, Kausik K Ray, Patrick M Moriarty, Robert Vogel, Bernard Chaitman, Sheryl F Kelsey, Anders G Olsson, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Maarten L Simoons, Karen Alexander, Chiara Meloni, Robert Rosenson, Eric J G Sijbrands, Pierluigi Tricoci, John H Alexander, Luciana Armaganijan, Akshay Bagai, Maria Cecilia Bahit, J Matthew Brennan, Shaun Clifton, Adam D DeVore, Shalonda Deloatch, Sheila Dickey, Keith Dombrowski, Grégory Ducrocq, Zubin Eapen, Patricia Endsley, Arleen Eppinger, Robert W Harrison, Connie Ng Hess, Mark A Hlatky, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Joshua W Knowles, Bradley J Kolls, David F Kong, Sergio Leonardi, Linda Lillis, David J Maron, Jill Marcus, Robin Mathews, Rajendra H Mehta, Robert J Mentz, Humberto Graner Moreira, Chetan B Patel, Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira, Lynn Perkins, Thomas J Povsic, Etienne Puymirat, William Schuyler Jones, Bimal R Shah, Matthew W Sherwood, Kenya Stringfellow, Darin Sujjavanich, Mustafa Toma, Charlene Trotter, Sean Van Diepen, Matthew D Wilson, Andrew T Yan, Lilia B Schiavi, Marcelo Garrido, Andrés F Alvarisqueta, Sonia A Sassone, Anselmo P Bordonava, Alberto E Alves De Lima, Jorge M Schmidberg, Ernesto A Duronto, Orlando C Caruso, Leonardo P Novaretto, Miguel Angel Hominal, Oscar R Montaña, Alberto Caccavo, Oscar A Gomez Vilamajo, Alberto J Lorenzatti, Luis R Cartasegna, Gustavo A Paterlini, Ignacio J Mackinnon, Guillermo D Caime, Marcos Amuchastegui, Oscar Salomone, Oscar R Codutti, Horacio O Jure, Julio O E Bono, Adrian D Hrabar, Julio A Vallejos, Rodolfo A Ahuad Guerrero, Federico Novoa, Cristian A Patocchi, Cesar J Zaidman, Maria E Giuliano, Ricardo D Dran, Marisa L Vico, Gabriela S Carnero, Pablo N Guzman, Juan C Medrano Allende, Daniela F Garcia Brasca, Miguel H Bustamante Labarta, Sebastian Nani, Eduardo D S Blumberg, Hugo R Colombo, Alberto Liberman, Victorino Fuentealba, Hector L Luciardi, Gabriel D Waisman, Mario A Berli, Ruben O Garcia Duran, Horacio G Cestari, Hugo A Luquez, Jorge A Giordano, Silvia S Saavedra, Gerardo Zapata, Osvaldo Costamagna, Susana Llois, Jonathon H Waites, Nicholas Collins, Allan Soward, Chris L S Hii, James Shaw, Margaret A Arstall, John Horowitz, Daniel Ninio, James F Rogers, David Colquhoun, Romulo E Oqueli Flores, Philip Roberts-Thomson, Owen Raffel, Sam J Lehman, Constantine Aroney, Steven G M Coverdale, Paul J Garrahy, Gregory Starmer, Mark Sader, Patrick A Carroll, Ronald Dick, Robert Zweiker, Uta Hoppe, Kurt Huber, Rudolf Berger, Georg Delle-Karth, Bernhard Frey, Franz Weidinger, Dirk Faes, Kurt Hermans, Bruno Pirenne, Attilio Leone, Etienne Hoffer, Mathias C M Vrolix, Luc De Wolf, Bart Wollaert, Marc Castadot, Karl Dujardin, Christophe Beauloye, Geert Vervoort, Harry Striekwold, Carl Convens, John Roosen, Emanuele Barbato, Marc Claeys, Frank Cools, Ibrahim Terzic, Fahir Barakovic, Zlatko Midzic, Belma Pojskic, Emir Fazlibegovic, Mehmed Kulić, Azra Durak-Nalbantic, Dusko Vulic, Adis Muslibegovic, Boris Goronja, Gilmar Reis, Luciano Sousa, Jose C Nicolau, Flavio E Giorgeto, Ricardo P Silva, Lilia Nigro Maia, Rafael Rech, Paulo R F Rossi, Maria José A G Cerqueira, Norberto Duda, Renato Kalil, Adrian Kormann, José Antonio M Abrantes, Pedro Pimentel Filho, Ana Priscila Soggia, Mayler O N de Santos, Fernando Neuenschwander, Luiz C Bodanese, Yorghos L Michalaros, Freddy G Eliaschewitz, Maria H Vidotti, Paulo E Leaes, Roberto V Botelho, Sergio Kaiser, Euler Roberto Fernandes Manenti, Dalton B Precoma, Jose C Moura Jorge, Pedro G Silva, Jose A Silveira, Wladmir Saporito, Jose A Marin-Neto, Gilson S Feitosa, Luiz Eduardo F Ritt, Juliana A de Souza, Fernando Costa, Weimar K S B Souza, Helder J L Reis, Leandro Machado, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Georgi V Todorov, Fedya P Nikolov, Elena S Velcheva, Maria L Tzekova, Haralambi O Benov, Stanislav L Petranov, Haralin S Tumbev, Nina S Shehova-Yankova, Dimitar T Markov, Dimitar H Raev, Mihail N Mollov, Kostadin N Kichukov, Katya A Ilieva-Pandeva, Raya Ivanova, Maryana Gospodinov, Valentina M Mincheva, Petar V Lazov, Bojidar I Dimov, Manohara Senaratne, James Stone, Jan Kornder, Stephen Pearce, Danielle Dion, Daniel Savard, Yves Pesant, Amritanshu Pandey, Simon Robinson, Gilbert Gosselin, Saul Vizel, Gordon Hoag, Ronald Bourgeois, Anne Morisset, Eric Sabbah, Bruce Sussex, Simon Kouz, Paul MacDonald, Ariel Diaz, Nicolas Michaud, David Fell, Raymond Leung, Tycho Vuurmans, Christopher Lai, Frank Nigro, Richard Davies, Gustavo Nogareda, Ram Vijayaraghavan, John Ducas, Serge Lepage, Shamir Mehta, James Cha, Robert Dupuis, Peter Fong, Sohrab Lutchmedial, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hussein Fadlallah, David Cleveland, Thao Huynh, Iqbal Bata, Adnan Hameed, Cristian Pincetti, Sergio Potthoff, Monica Acevedo, Arnoldo Aguirre, Margarita Vejar, Mario Yañez, Guillermo Araneda, Mauricio Fernandez, Luis Perez, Paola Varleta, Fernando Florenzano, Laura Huidobro, Carlos A Raffo, Claudia Olivares, Leonardo Nahuelpan, Humberto Montecinos, Jiyan Chen, Yugang Dong, Weijian Huang, Jianzhong Wang, Shi'An Huang, Zhuhua Yao, Xiang Li, Lan Cui, Wenhua Lin, Yuemin Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Jianping Li, Xuelian Zhang, Hong Zhu, Dandan Chen, Lan Huang, Shaohong Dong, Guohai Su, Biao Xu, Xi Su, Xiaoshu Cheng, Jinxiu Lin, Wenxia Zong, Huanming Li, Yi Feng, Dingli Xu, Xinchun Yang, Yuannan Ke, Xuefeng Lin, Zheng Zhang, Zeqi Zheng, Zhurong Luo, Yundai Chen, Chunhua Ding, Yi Zhong, Yang Zheng, Xiaodong Li, Daoquan Peng, Shuiping Zhao, Ying Li, Xuebo Liu, Meng Wei, Shaowen Liu, Yihua Yu, Baiming Qu, Weihong Jiang, Yujie Zhou, Xingsheng Zhao, Zuyi Yuan, Ying Guo, Xiping Xu, Xubo Shi, Junbo Ge, Guosheng Fu, Feng Bai, Weiyi Fang, Xiling Shou, Xiangjun Yang, Jian'An Wang, Meixiang Xiang, Yingxian Sun, Qinghua Lu, Ruiyan Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Yizhou Xu, Zhongcai Fan, Tianchang Li, Chun Wu, Nicolas Jaramillo, Gregorio Sanchez Vallejo, Diana C Luna Botia, Rodrigo Botero Lopez, Dora I Molina De Salazar, Alberto J Cadena Bonfanti, Carlos Cotes Aroca, Juan Diego Higuera, Marco Blanquicett, Sandra I Barrera Silva, Henry J Garcia Lozada, Julian A Coronel Arroyo, Jose L Accini Mendoza, Ricardo L Fernandez Ruiz, Alvaro M Quintero Ossa, Fernando G Manzur Jatin, Aristides Sotomayor Herazo, Jeffrey Castellanos Parada, Rafael Suarez Arambula, Miguel A Urina Triana, Angela M Fernandez Trujillo, Maja Strozzi, Siniša Car, Melita Jerić, Davor Miličić, Martina Lovrić Benčić, Hrvoje Pintarić, Đeiti Prvulović, Jozica Šikić, Viktor Peršić, Dean Mileta, Kresimir Štambuk, Zdravko Babić, Vjekoslav Tomulic, Josip Lukenda, Stanka Mejic-Krstulovic, Boris Starcevic, Jindrich Spinar, David Horak, Zdenek Velicka, Josef Stasek, David Alan, Vilma Machova, Ales Linhart, Vojtech Novotny, Vladimir Kaucak, Richard Rokyta, Robert Naplava, Zdenek Coufal, Vera Adamkova, Ivo Podpera, Jiri Zizka, Zuzana Motovska, Ivana Marusincova, Premysl Svab, Petr Heinc, Jiri Kuchar, Petr Povolny, Jiri Matuska, Steen H Poulsen, Bent Raungaard, Peter Clemmensen, Lia E Bang, Ole May, Morten Bøttcher, Jens D Hove, Lars Frost, Gunnar Gislason, John Larsen, Peter Betton Johansen, Flemming Hald, Peter Johansen, Jørgen Jeppesen, Tonny Nielsen, Kjeld S Kristensen, Piotr Maria Walichiewicz, Jens D Lomholdt, Ib C Klausen, Peter Kaiser Nielsen, Flemming Davidsen, Lars Videbaek, Mai Soots, Veiko Vahula, Anu Hedman, Üllar Soopõld, Kaja Märtsin, Tiina Jurgenson, Arved Kristjan, Juhani K Airaksinen, Saila Vikman, Heikki Huikuri, Pierre Coste, Emile Ferrari, Olivier Morel, Gilles Montalescot, Jacques Machecourt, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Jacques Mansourati, Yves Cottin, Florence Leclercq, Abdelkader Belhassane, Nicolas Delarche, Franck Boccara, Franck Paganelli, Jérôme Clerc, Francois Schiele, Victor Aboyans, Vincent Probst, Jacques Berland, Thierry Lefèvre, Bernard Citron, Irakli Khintibidze, Tamaz Shaburishvili, Zurab Pagava, Ramaz Ghlonti, Zaza Lominadze, George Khabeishvili, Rayyan Hemetsberger, Kemala Edward, Ursula Rauch-Kröhnert, Matthias Stratmann, Karl-Friedrich Appel, Ekkehard Schmidt, Heyder Omran, Christoph Stellbrink, Thomas Dorsel, Emmanouil Lianopoulos, Hans Friedrich Vöhringer, Roger Marx, Andreas Zirlik, Detlev Schellenberg, Thomas Heitzer, Ulrich Laufs, Christian Werner, Nikolaus Marx, Stephan Gielen, Sebastian Nuding, Bernhard Winkelmann, Steffen Behrens, Karsten Sydow, Mahir Karakas, Gregor Simonis, Thomas Muenzel, Nikos Werner, Stefan Leggewie, Dirk Böcker, Rüdiger Braun-Dullaeus, Nicole Toursarkissian, Michael Jeserich, Matthias Weißbrodt, Tim Schaeufele, Joachim Weil, Heinz Völler, Johannes Waltenberger, Mohammed Natour, Susanne Schmitt, Dirk Müller-Wieland, Stephan Steiner, Lothar Heidenreich, Elmar Offers, Uwe Gremmler, Holger Killat, Werner Rieker, Sotiris Patsilinakos, Athanasios Kartalis, Athanassios Manolis, Dimitrios Sionis, Geargios Chachalis, Ioannis Skoumas, Vasilios Athyros, Panagiotis Vardas, Frangkiskos Parthenakis, Dimitrios Alexopoulos, Georgios Hahalis, John Lekakis, Apostolos Hatzitolios, Sergio R Fausto Ovando, Juan L Arango Benecke, Edgar R Rodriguez De Leon, Bryan P Y Yan, David C W Siu, Tibor Turi, Bela Merkely, Imre Ungi, Geza Lupkovics, Lajos Nagy, András Katona, István Édes, Gábor Müller, Iván Horvath, Tibor Kapin, Zsolt Szigeti, József Faluközy, Mukund Kumbla, Manjinder Sandhu, Sharath Annam, Naveen Reddy Proddutur, Reddy Regella, Rajendra K Premchand, Ajaykumar Mahajan, Sudhir Pawar, Atul D Abhyanakar, Prafulla Kerkar, Ravishankar A Govinda, Abraham Oomman, Dhurjati Sinha, Sachin N Patil, Dhiman Kahali, Jitendra Sawhney, Abhijeet B Joshi, Sanjeev Chaudhary, Pankaj Harkut, Santanu Guha, Sanjay Porwal, Srimannarayana Jujjuru, Ramesh B Pothineni, Minguel R Monteiro, Aziz Khan, Shamanna S Iyengar, Jasprakash Singh Grewal, Manoj Chopda, Mahesh C Fulwani, Aparna Patange, Patil Sachin, Vijay K Chopra, Naresh K Goyal, Rituparna Shinde, Gajendra V Manakshe, Nitin Patki, Sumeet Sethi, Vengatesh Munusamy, Sunil Karna, Sunil Thanvi, Srilakshmi Adhyapak, Chandrakant Patil, Ulhas Pandurangi, Rishabh Mathur, Jugal Gupta, Suhas Kalashetti, Ajit Bhagwat, Bagirath Raghuraman, Shiv Kumar Yerra, Prasant Bhansali, Rohidas Borse, Patil Rahul, Srihari Das, Vinay Kumar, Jabir Abdullakutty, Shireesh Saathe, Priya Palimkar, Shireesh Sathe, Shaul Atar, Michael Shechter, Morris Mosseri, Yaron Arbel, Chorin Ehud, Havakuk Ofer, Chaim Lotan, Uri Rosenschein, Amos Katz, Yaakov Henkin, Adi Francis, Marc Klutstein, Eugenia Nikolsky, Robert Zukermann, Yoav Turgeman, Majdi Halabi, Alon Marmor, Ran Kornowski, Michael Jonas, Offer Amir, Yonathan Hasin, Yoseph Rozenman, Shmuel Fuchs, Vered Zvi, Osamah Hussein, Dov Gavish, Zvi Vered, Yoseph Caraco, Mazen Elias, Naveh Tov, Efrat Wolfovitz, Michael Lishner, Nizar Elias, Giancarlo Piovaccari, Annamaria De Pellegrin, Raffaella Garbelotto, Gabriele Guardigli, Valgimigli Marco, Giovanni Licciardello, Carla Auguadro, Filippo Scalise, Claudio Cuccia, Alessandro Salvioni, Giuseppe Musumeci, Michelle Senni, Paolo Calabrò, Salvatore Novo, Pompilio Faggiano, Marco Metra, Nicoletta B De Cesare, Sergio Berti, Claudio Cavallini, Enrico Puccioni, Marcello Galvani, Maurizio Tespili, Piermarco Piatti, Michela Palvarini, Giuseppe De Luca, Roberto Violini, Alessandro De Leo, Zoran Olivari, Pasquale Perrone Filardi, Maurizio Ferratini, Vittorio Racca, Kazuoki Dai, Yuji Shimatani, Haruo Kamiya, Kenji Ando, Yoshihiro Takeda, Yoshihiro Morino, Yoshiki Hata, Kazuo Kimura, Koichi Kishi, Ichiro Michishita, Hiroki Uehara, Toshinori Higashikata, Atsushi Hirayama, Keiji Hirooka, Yasuji Doi, Satoru Sakagami, Shuichi Taguchi, Akihiro Koike, Hiroyuki Fujinaga, Shinji Koba, Ken Kozuma, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Yujiro Ono, Masatoshi Shimizu, Yousuke Katsuda, Atsuyuki Wada, Toshiro Shinke, Takeshi Kimura, Junya Ako, Kenshi Fujii, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Koichi Nakao, Yutaka Furukawa, Hiroshi Sugino, Ritsu Tamura, Toshiaki Mano, Masaaki Uematsu, Noriaki Utsu, Kashima Ito, Takuya Haraguchi, Katsuhiko Sato, Yasunori Ueda, Akira Nishibe, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Motomaru Masutani, Jung Han Yoon, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Hun Sik Park, In-Ho Chae, Moo Hyun Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Seungwoon Rha, Chongjin Kim, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hae Young Kim, Taekjong Hong, Seung-Jea Tahk, Youngkwon Kim, Arija Busmane, Natalija Pontaga, Aldis Strelnieks, Iveta Mintale, Iveta Sime, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Roma Kavaliauskiene, Ruta Jurgaitiene, Gintare Sakalyte, Rimvydas Slapikas, Sigute Norkiene, Nerijus Misonis, Aleksandras Kibarskis, Raimondas Kubilius, Stojko Bojovski, Nensi Lozance, Aleksandar Kjovkaroski, Snezana Doncovska, Tiong Kiam Ong, Sazzli Kasim, Oteh Maskon, Balachandran Kandasamy, Houng B Liew, Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed, Armando García Castillo, Jorge Carrillo Calvillo, Pedro Fajardo Campos, Juan Carlos Núñez Fragoso, Edmundo Alfredo Bayram Llamas, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Jaime Carranza Madrigal, Luis Gerardo González Salas, Enrique López Rosas, Belinda González Díaz, Eduardo Salcido Vázquez, Alfredo Nacoud Ackar, Guillermo Antonio Llamas Esperón, Carlos Rodolfo Martínez Sánchez, María Guerrero De Leon, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Guillermo Fanghänel Salmón, Jesús Antonio Pérez Ríos, José Angel Garza Ruíz, Robert W Breedveld, Margriet Feenema-Aardema, Alida Borger-Van Der Burg, Pieter A M Hoogslag, Harry Suryapranata, Antonius Oomen, Paulus Van Haelst, Jacobijne J Wiersma, Dirk Basart, Ruud M A Van Der Wal, Peter Zwart, Pascalle Monraats, Henricus Van Kesteren, Ioannis Karalis, Johan Jukema, Gerardus J E Verdel, Bart R G Brueren, Roland P T Troquay, Eric P Viergever, Nadea Y Y Al-Windy, Gerard L Bartels, Jan H Cornel, Walter R M Hermans, Johannes P R Herrman, Robert J Bos, Reginald G E J Groutars, Coenraad C Van Der Zwaan, Refik Kaplan, Raymond Lionarons, Eelko Ronner, Bjorn E Groenemeijer, Patrick N A Bronzwaer, Anho A H Liem, Bernard J W M Rensing, Marcel J J A Bokern, Remco Nijmeijer, Ferry M R J Hersbach, Frank F Willems, Antonius T M Gosselink, Saman Rasoul, John Elliott, Gerard Wilkins, Raewyn Fisher, Douglas Scott, Hamish Hart, Ralph Stewart, Scott Harding, Ian Ternouth, Nicholas Fisher, Samuel Wilson, Denise Aitken, Russell Anscombe, Laura Davidson, Tadeusz Tomala, Ottar Nygård, Jon Arne Sparby, Kjell Andersen, Lars Gullestad, Jarle Jortveit, Peter S Munk, Erlend Gyllensten Singsaas, Ulf Hurtig, Jorge R Calderon Ticona, Julio R Durand Velasquez, Sandra A Negron Miguel, Enrique S Sanabria Perez, Jesus M Carrion Chambilla, Carlos A Chavez Ayala, Reynaldo P Castillo Leon, Rolando J Vargas Gonzales, Jose D Hernandez Zuniga, Luis A Camacho Cosavalente, Jorge E Bravo Mannucci, Javier Heredia Landeo, Nassip C Llerena Navarro, Yudy M Roldan Concha, Víctor E Rodriguez Chavez, Henry A Anchante Hernandez, Carlos A Zea Nunez, Walter Mogrovejo Ramos, Arthur Ferrolino, Rosa Allyn G Sy, Louie Tirador, Rody G Sy, Generoso Matiga, Raul Martin Coching, Alisa Bernan, Gregorio Rogelio, Dante D Morales, Edgar Tan, Dennis Jose Sulit, Adrian Wlodarczak, Krystyna Jaworska, Grzegorz Skonieczny, Lidia Pawlowicz, Pawel Wojewoda, Benita Busz-Papiez, Janusz Bednarski, Aleksander Goch, Pawel Staneta, Elzbieta Dulak, Krzysztof Saminski, Wlodzimierz Krasowski, Wanda Sudnik, Aleksander Zurakowski, Marcin Skorski, Beata Miklaszewicz, Jacek Kubica, Jan Andrzej Lipko, Edyta Kostarska-Srokosz, Marek Piepiorka, Anna Drzewiecka, Ryszard Sciborski, Arkadiusz Stasiewski, Tomasz Blicharski, Leszek Bystryk, Michal Szpajer, Marek Korol, Tomasz Czerski, Ewa Mirek-Bryniarska, Jacek Gniot, Andrzej Lubinski, Jerzy Gorny, Edward Franek, Grzegorz Raczak, Hanna Szwed, Pedro Monteiro, Jose Mesquita Bastos, Helder H Pereira, Dinis Martins, Filipe Seixo, Carlos Mendonça, Ana Botelho, Francisca Caetano, Bogdan Minescu, Octavian Istratoaie, Dan N Tesloianu, Gabriel Cristian, Silviu Dumitrescu, Cristian G C Podoleanu, Mircea C A Constantinescu, Cristina M 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