Revealing the dynamics of Class 0 protostellar discs with ALMA

We present synthetic ALMA observations of Keplerian, protostellar discs in the Class 0 stage studying the emission of molecular tracers like $^{13}$CO, C$^{18}$O, HCO$^+$, H$^{13}$CO$^+$, N$_2$H$^+$, and H$_2$CO. We model the emission of discs around low- and intermediate-mass protostars. We show that under optimal observing conditions ALMA is able to detect the discs already in the earliest stage of protostellar evolution, although the emission is often concentrated to the innermost 50 AU. Therefore, a resolution of a few 0.1" might be too low to detect Keplerian discs around Class 0 objects. We also demonstrate that under optimal conditions for edge-on discs Keplerian rotation signatures are recognisable, from which protostellar masses can be inferred. For this we here introduce a new approach, which allows us to determine protostellar masses with higher fidelity than before. Furthermore, we show that it is possible to reveal Keplerian rotation even for strongly inclined discs and that ALMA should be able to detect possible signs of fragmentation in face-on discs. In order to give some guidance for future ALMA observations, we investigate the influence of varying observing conditions and source distances. We show that it is possible to probe Keplerian rotation in inclined discs with an observing time of 2 h and a resolution of 0.1", even in the case of moderate weather conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that under optimal conditions, Keplerian discs around intermediate-mass protostars should be detectable up to kpc-distances.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

Neurogene Stammzelltransplantation in die Kochlea

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Stammzelltherapie ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine Applikation im Innenohr interessant, da die Haarzellen nicht regenerieren. Einmal abgestorbene Haarzellen werden nicht ersetzt, es kommt zu einem irreversiblen Hörverlust. In den vergangenen Jahren konnten Stammzellen mit wechselndem Erfolg ins Innenohr appliziert werden, zum Teil haben sie sich zu Innenohrzellen entwickelt. In der vorliegenden Studie wollten wir untersuchen, wie sich neuronale Vorläuferzellen verhalten, wenn sie in vitro und in vivo auf ein geschädigtes Innenohr aufgebracht werden. Methoden: Neuronale Vorläuferzellen wurden von E9,5Tage alten Mausembryonen isoliert und danach mit einem Virus, der das grün fluoreszierende Protein (GFP) exprimiert, infiziert. In der Folge wurden die GFP+-neuralen Vorläuferzellen sowohl auf ein geschädigtes Corti-Organ in vitro aufgebracht als auch Mäusen ins zuvor geschädigte Innenohr in vivo appliziert. Anschließend wurden die Vorläuferzellen bzw. ihr Bezug zum Corti-Organ analysiert. Ergebnisse: Sowohl auf ein geschädigtes Corti-Organ aufgebrachte GFP+-neurale Vorläuferzellen als auch in vivo in geschädigte Innenohren transplantierte GFP+-neurale Vorläuferzellen konnten nach Transplantation nachgewiesen werden. Interessanterweise haben sich die GFP+-neuralen Vorläuferzellen nicht zufällig auf dem Organ niedergelassen, sondern ein gewisses Muster gezeigt. Insbesondere konnte nach der In-vivo-Applikation gesehen werden, dass die GFP+-neuralen Vorläuferzellen sich im Bereich des Corti-Organs in der Region von abgestorbenen Haarzellen angesiedelt haben. Schlussfolgerung: Neuronale Vorläuferzellen haben ein großes Potenzial, einmal abgestorbene Haarzellen zu ersetzen. Allerdings braucht es noch intensive Forschung bis zur klinischen Anwendun

SilvAdapt.Net: A Site-Based Network of Adaptive Forest Management Related to Climate Change in Spain

Adaptive forest management (AFM) is an urgent need because of the uncertainty regarding how changes in the climate will affect the structure, composition and function of forests during the next decades. Current research initiatives for the long-term monitoring of impacts of silviculture are scattered and not integrated into research networks, with the consequent losses of opportunities and capacity for action. To increase the scientific and practical impacts of these experiences, it is necessary to establish logical frameworks that harmonize the information and help us to define the most appropriate treatments. In this context, a number of research groups in Spain have produced research achievements and know-how during the last decades that can allow for the improvement in AFM. These groups address the issue of AFM from different fields, such as ecophysiology, ecohydrology and forest ecology, thus resulting in valuable but dispersed expertise. The main objective of this work is to introduce a comprehensive strategy aimed to study the implementation of AFM in Spain. As a first step, a network of 34 experimental sites managed by 14 different research groups is proposed and justified. As a second step, the most important AFM impacts on Mediterranean pines, as one of the most extended natural and planted forest types in Spain, are presented. Finally, open questions dealing with key aspects when attempting to implement an AFM framework are discussed. This study is expected to contribute to better outlining the procedures and steps needed to implement regional frameworks for AFMA.J. Molina is beneficiary of an “APOSTD” fellowship (APOSTD/2019/111) funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. M. Moreno-de las Heras is beneficiary of a Serra Hunter fellowship (UB-LE-9055) funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. F.J. Ruiz-Gómez is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Junta de Andalucía (Sevilla, Spain), and the European Social Fund 2014–2020 Program (DOC_0055). The authors received national and international funding through the following projects: SILVADAPT.NET (RED2018-102719-T), ESPECTRAMED (CGL2017-86161-R), Life-FOREST CO2 (LIFE14 CCM/ES/001271), ALTERACLIM (CGL2015-69773-C2-1-P), INERTIA (PID2019-111332RB-C22-BDV), CEHYRFO-MED (CGL2017-86839-C3-2-R), DEHESACLIM (IB16185), RESILIENTFORESTS (LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063), Rhysotto (PID2019-106583RB-I00), AGL2017-83828- C2-2-R, RTI2018-096884-B-C31, ESPAS (CGL2015-65569-R), and caRRRascal (RTI2018-095037-B-I00) : We thank the financial support from the “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación -Redes de Investigación 2018, Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I + D + I

ANAIS-112. Searching for the annual modulation of dark matter with a 112.5 kg NaI(Tl) detector at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory.

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Enantio- and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of N-tert-Butylhydrazones to Isoquinolinium Ions through Anion-Binding Catalysis

A highly enantio- and diastereoselective thiourea-catalyzed dearomatization of isoquinolines employing N-tert-butylhydrazones as neutral alpha-azo carbanions and masked acyl anion equivalents has been developed. Experimental and computational data supports the generation of highly ordered complexes wherein the chloride behaves as a template for the catalyst, the hydrazone reagent, and the isoquinolinium cation, providing excellent stereocontrol in the formation of two contiguous stereogenic centers. The ensuing selective and high-yielding transformations provide appealing dihydroisoquinoline derivatives

Capillaria plica como agente etiológico de hematuria en un perro

Se describen los hallazgos clínicos y hematológicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de un caso de hematuria y disuria provocado por Capíllaria plica en un perro macho de un año y medio.Clinical picture, haematologic features, diagnostic techniques and treatment protocols are discussed regarding a male dog one year and a half old with hematuria caused by Capillaria plica

Critical success factors during the implementation of ISO 22000:2018

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to evaluate why companies still struggle with ISO 22000 implementation and maintenance, identifying which aspects are key for its success. Design/methodology/approach - A literature review was carried out based on Scientific articles and implementation guides collected from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and ResearchGate. Findings - Nine aspects seem to have a broader impact on organizations maintenance of ISO 22000 and other FSMS. Furthermore, the empirical research reveals that having an efficient food safety management system is a prerequisite for companys competitiveness. Practical implications - The findings show that many of the critical success factors for a FSMS implementation are based on regular and adequate management of people inside the company. Originality/value - A novel model of segmenting critical success factors is presented, which has practical implications for ISO 22000 achievement.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of microroughness on the frictional behavior and wear response of planar saw-cut rock surfaces

Saw-cut rock surfaces, classically utilized to estimate basic friction angle of discontinuities by means of tilt test and other procedures, may seem planar to the naked eye. Nevertheless, they actually present roughness at a micrometric scale. Aiming at characterizing some of these saw-cut rock surfaces and assessing the possible implications between their microscale topography and the resulting tribological behavior, the authors of this study resorted to the 3D focus-variation technique to analyze different surface-texture parameters. Tilt tests were carried out on specimens cut on three rock types, and the involved sliding surfaces were evaluated at a microscale for different testing stages (prior to any test and after two series of repeated tests). An apparently logical inverse correlation between repeated testing and friction angle has been observed, more marked for the smoother surfaces. Higher roughness at the scale of the analysis tends to produce lower friction-angle values, as otherwise observed for mismatched natural rock surfaces. In addition, saw-cut rock surfaces present systematically negative skewness and high values of kurtosis for their height distributions, indicating the occurrence of narrow and deep pits or valleys. Directional hybrid parameters and, in particular, the root mean square (RMS) of the gradient of the surface in the direction of sliding correlates rather well with the measured sliding angle. The authors concluded that the 3D focus-variation technique represents a powerful tool to assess surface-texture parameters of saw-cut rock surfaces, in addition to being useful for understanding some features of the tribological, or wear and frictional, behavior of these type of surfaces.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RTI2018-093563-B-I0