Revision of the high Andean genus \u3ci\u3eEremophygus\u3c/i\u3e Ohaus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini)

The genus Eremophygus Ohaus, 1910 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini), endemic to the Andean biogeographic region, is revised and now includes two altiplanic species: Eremophygus lasiocali­nus Ohaus, 1915 and Eremophygus philippii Ohaus, 1910. A redescription of the genus and included species, diagnoses, distribution records, and a key to species are provided. Additionally, photographs of the type specimens are included. Based on examination of type specimens of all species-group names, Eremophy­gus bicolor (Gutiérrez, 1951) and Eremophygus pachyloides Ohaus, 1925 are new synonyms of Eremophygus lasiocalinus, while Eremophygus leo Gutiérrez, 1951 is a new synonym of Eremophygus philippii. Lectotypes are designated for E. lasiocalinus, E. pachyloides, and E. philippii. Eremophygus philippii is formally reported from Argentina. El género Eremophygus Ohaus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini), endémico de la región biogeográfica Andina, es revisado y ahora incluye dos especies altiplánicas: Eremophygus lasiocalinus Ohaus, 1915 y Eremophygus philippii Ohaus, 1910. Se proporciona una redescripción del género, diagnosis, registros de distribución y una clave para el reconocimiento de las especies. Adicionalmente se incluyen fo­tografías de los ejemplares tipo. Basado en el estudio del material tipo de todas las especies, se establece que Eremophygus bicolor (Gutiérrez, 1951) y Eremophygus pachyloides Ohaus, 1925 son nuevos sinónimos de Eremophygus lasiocalinus Ohaus, mientras que Eremophygus leo Gutiérrez, 1951 es un nuevo sinónimo de Eremophygus philippii Ohaus. Se designan lectotipos para E. lasiocalinus, E. pachyloides Ohaus y E. philippii. Eremophygus philippii es reportada formalmente para Argentina

First records of \u3ci\u3eAncognatha aymara\u3c/i\u3e Mondaca, 2016 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) in Argentina

Ancognatha aymara Mondaca, 2016 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini), a species previously known only from Chile, is recorded for the first time in northern Argentina. The new records are based on male specimens collected in the provinces of Jujuy and Salta. Illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia of the species are presented in color photographs. A map with its current distribution in Chile and Argentina is included. The genus Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) includes 23 valid species (Moore et al. 2018a, b; Paucar-Cabrera and Ratcliffe 2018) distributed from Arizona and New Mexico in the United States to northern Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia (Moore et al. 2018b). Adults of some species are known to be attracted to lights at night and to occur in high elevation habitats, reaching elevations above 4,000 m in Peru and northern Chile (Pardo-Locarno et al. 2006; Figueroa and Ratcliffe 2016; Mondaca 2016). Adults of Ancognatha can be distinguished from other genera of Cyclocephalini (e.g., Aspidolea Bates and Cyclocephala Dejean) by a mentum with the apex deeply incised or distinctly emarginate or with the surface medially furrowed in the apical third; the labrum is detached and inclined from the roof of the mouth; the mandibles are narrow and upwardly pointed; the frontoclypeal suture is obsolete medially; the base of the pronotum lacks a marginal bead; and the protarsus in the males is always enlarged (Ratcliffe 2003). The Argentinean species of Ancognatha have been not reviewed, and probably the diversity is greater than currently known. Until now, only two species of this genus were recorded from this country: Ancog­natha erythrodera (Blanchard) and Ancognatha lutea Erichson (Moore et al. 2018b). The purpose of this paper is to report the presence of A. aymara Mondaca in northern Argentina, based on two male specimens collected in localities of Jujuy and Salta provinces. These new records correspond to the natural distribution of this species on both sides of the Andes Mountain range, which is not surprising due to the similarity of habitats in neighboring localities in Chile and Argentina

La prueba de la ausencia o existencia de un debido consentimiento en los así denominados matrimonios de conveniencia. Propuesta de una solución aplicable al derecho de familia de Chile sobre la base de la experiencia del derecho civil español

El presente trabajo se centra en la prueba de la simulación a propósito de los matrimonios de conveniencia. Una vez analizado, en su parte pertinente, el Derecho civil de España, se establece la ausencia de mecanismos eficaces de tutela del consentimiento en el Derecho matrimonial de Chile, y se sugiere un tratamiento de la materia que resuelva el señalado problema.The present work focuses on the proof of simulation in marriages of convenience. Once analyzed, in the corresponding part, Spanish civil law, the absence of effective mechanisms for the protection of marital consent in Chilean marriage law is asserted, and treatment of the topic for the solution of the aforementioned problem is suggested

Technology Enhanced Learning Environments within Physical Education Teacher Education: Application of Self-Regulated learning and Self-Determination Theory

The implementation of Technology Enhanced Learning Environments (TELEs) within higher education has been popular over the past two decades (Brown, Kregor, & Williams, 2013). The popularity could be attributed to providing flexibility and distance support to typically marginalized populations (Groff, 2013) and enhancing students’ involvement in lessons (Hicks, 2011). However, despite the benefits of TELEs, some issues associated with the design and application must be addressed (Hartnett, 2010): (1) the design principles utilized by instructors (e.g. Professors) within their course(s), (2) support students’ use and understanding of Self- Regulated learning strategies for working in a new context like a TELE, and (3) supporting students’ motivation to self-regulate in a TELE. The interplay between the concepts is important because each can facilitate the overall quality of learning and teaching within a TELE. As such, this study aims to examine the design, development and implementation of a Technology Enhanced Learning Environment within a Physical Education Teacher Education program; and with that to extend the research on TELEs by addressing the lack of inquiry around online education within Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). To examine the aforementioned research aim, this study was grounded in a hybrid of Self- Regulated learning (SRL) (Pintrich, 1999) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) (Deci & Ryan, 1985). For the purpose of this study, both theoretical frameworks were used to examine the design and implementation of a TELE within a Physical Education Teachers Education (PETE) because these theories provide a framework for understanding the motivation, behaviours and experiences of both students and teachers Investigation of the design, implementation and evaluation of the TELE in PETE was conducted using a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology, also called Design-Based Methodology (DBM); a viable research approach to achieve the blending of theory and practice within a dynamic teaching and learning environment (Reeves, Herrington, & Oliver, 2004). Participant data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods across four distinct phases: design, implementation and evaluation of the TELE. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews and focus groups with professors who taught the subject, students and academic/administrative staff within the university. Furthermore, researcher field notes were conducted during the interviews and focus groups. All those data collection tools helped to ensure the rigor of the study through trustworthiness strategies such as triangulation. Further coding and summarizing were used on the completed data set to identify themes and patterns. The analysis of questionnaire data was conducted using Excel for descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics allowed for a more robust and detailed picture to be illustrated within the particular phase of the study were such data were collected. The findings from this study seem to support the effectiveness of using SDT and SRL for designing a TELE in a PETE program, however, the reality of their application, demonstrates the complex process to reach not only a functional design for a TELE in this academic environment, but an effective application. At first students, professors and staff expressed positive views that using a TELE in PETE could be beneficial, however, both students and professors showed a lack of understanding about aspects of Self-Determination and Self-Regulated learning. Overall, students, professors and staff did engage with the TELE in the PETE’s program in a superficial manner. Finally, even though faculty within this specific university was working according to an educative environment promoting Self-Regulation, this study revealed how organizational culture may impact the design and application of TELEs, both in Physical Education and general higher education. This finding provided support for future research on this Faculty’s educational context and current academic model’s supporting the application of TELEs. The study as such, provides an initial inquiry into the implications of the implementation of online education within a practical movement-based subject, such as those common in the study of PE. Specifically, this study contributes to and extends the body of knowledge around SRL and SDT within an online educational setting. Finally, this study will assist in understanding the elements of design principles that could be used as a base for future designs and implementations of TELEs, specially with areas and subjects traditionally relying on practical activities, as PE; as well as within other higher education settings more generally

A new genus for \u3ci\u3eStromatium chilensis\u3c/i\u3e Cerda, 1968 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini) from Chile

Stromatium chilensis Cerda, 1968, an endemic species from Chile, is placed in Malcho Mondaca and Beéche, new genus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini). The new genus is compared with Stromatium Audinet-Serville, included in a previous key to Hesperophanini, and a diagnosis and illustrations of the species are provided. Stromatium chilensis Cerda, 1968, especie endémica de Chile, es ubicada en Malcho Mondaca y Beéche, nuevo género (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Hesperophanini). El nuevo género es comparado con Stromatium Audinet-Serville, e incluido en la clave anterior de Hesperophanini. Se aporta una diagnosis e ilustraciones de la especie. The genus Stromatium Audinet-Serville, 1834, considered to be one of the most economically significant longhorn beetle genera (due to the species’ ability to develop in seasoned timber, and be transported through commerce), includes six species known mainly from Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America (Martins and Galileo 1999; Jin et al. 2019; Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2021). One species was described from Chile (Cerda 1968). How­ever, it does not belong to the genus Stromatium (Martins and Galileo 1999; Jin et al. 2019). Recently, while we studied specimens of an undetermined cerambycid collected in the Andes and coastal range of Chile, we noticed that they correspond to Stromatium chilensis Cerda, 1968. This species, endemic to the Nothofagus Blume forests of central-southern Chile is herein transferred to a new taxon. We also include habitus photographs of the species to help with correct identification

First record of \u3ci\u3eAncognatha erythrodera\u3c/i\u3e (Blanchard, 1846) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) in the altiplano of Chile

The presence of Ancognatha erythrodera (Blanchard, 1846) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is confirmed for the first time in Chile based on male and female specimens collected in the extreme north of the country. This is the second species of Ancognatha Erichson, 1847 recorded in Chile. Morphological characters, illustrations of male genitalia, male and female habitus photographs of this species, and additional records in Argentina and Bolivia are provided. A map with the collection sites and montane habitats photograph in Chile are included. The Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) that occur in Chile were comprehensively revised by Ratcliffe et al. (2021), who recorded nine species in six genera. One of these genera, Ancognatha Erichson, 1847, includes 23 valid species found from the southwestern United States (Arizona and New Mexico) to northern Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia (Mondaca 2016; Moore et al. 2018a; Paucar-Cabrera and Ratcliffe 2018; Ratcliffe et al. 2021). In this note, we report the first record of Ancognatha erythrodera (Blanchard, 1846) in Chile, based on specimens collected in the altiplanic locality of Visviri, Región de Arica y Parinacota. Previously, Ancognatha erythrodera was recorded for the Andes of southern Peru, Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (Moore et al. 2018b). This new record corresponds to the natural distribution of this species on both sides of the Andes mountain range, which is not surprising due to the similarity of habitats in neighboring localities in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina

A new genus and species of Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Coquimbo Region of Chile

A new genus and species of Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) is described from the Coquimbo Region of Chile and compared with other taxa from Chile and neighboring countries

A new genus and species of Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Coquimbo Region of Chile

A new genus and species of Tanyproctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) is described from the Coquimbo Region of Chile and compared with other taxa from Chile and neighboring countries

Equity in out-of-pocket payment in Chile

OBJECTIVE To assess the distribution of financial burden in Chile, with a focus on the burden and progressivity of out-of-pocket payment. METHODS Based on the principle of ability to pay, we explore factors that contribute to inequities in the health system finance and issues about the burden of out-of-pocket payment, as well as the progressivity and redistributive effect of out-of-pocket payment in Chile. Our analysis is based on data from the 2006 National Survey on Satisfaction and Out-of-Pocket Payments. RESULTS Results from this study indicate evidence of inequity, in spite of the progressivity of the healthcare system. Our analysis also identifies relevant policy variables such as education, insurance system, and method of payment that should be taken into consideration in the ongoing debates and research in improving the Chilean system. CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce the detected disparities among income groups, healthcare priorities should target low-income groups. Furthermore, policies should explore changes in the access to education and its impact on equity

\u3ci\u3eStictoleptura cordigera\u3c/i\u3e (Füssli, 1775) (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae: Lepturini), a new alien longhorn beetle introduced in Chile

The Palaearctic longhorn beetle Stictoleptura cordigera (Füssli, 1775) (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae: Lepturini) is recorded for the first time in Chile, based on specimens collected in a rural locality of the Maule Region. This new record is the first in the New World and increases to eleven the number of exotic cerambycids introduced and established in the Chilean territory. A brief diagnosis for recognition of the species and data about its distribution and natural history are provided. The possible route of entry of this cerambycid into Chile is discussed. Stictoleptura cordigera (Füssli, 1775) is a polyphagous, saproxylic, anthophilous cerambycid widely distributed in southern Europe and the Middle East (Sama 2002; Sama et al. 2010). In December 2020, the second author (GR) collected floating in the pool of a house one male specimen of S. cordigera in Ranquimilí, Las Rastras, Talca (35°26′01″S, 71°32′43″W), a rural area of the Maule Region in central Chile (Fig. 3). Subsequently, in November and December 2022, an additional male and two female specimens were collected in the same place and under the same circumstances. Stictoleptura cordigera is the eleventh cerambycid reported as adventive in Chile, in addition to Nathrius bre­vipennis (Mulsant, 1839), Phoracantha semipunctata (Fabricius, 1775), P. recurva Newman, 1840, Ambeodontus tristis (Fabricius, 1775), Xylotrechus (Rusticoclytus) rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Aegomorphus jaspideus (Germar, 1824), Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Sandoval 2002; Barriga and Cepeda 2007; SAG 2008; Mondaca and Zavala 2016; González et al. 2018); and three species restricted to Rapa Nui island: Ceresium unicolor unicolor (Fabricius, 1787), Lagocheirus obsoletus Thomson, 1860 and Sybra alternans (Wiedemann, 1823) (Cerda 1991; Mondaca 2008; Mondaca et al. 2016). The objective of this note is to communicate the presence of S. cordigera in the national territory from adult specimens collected in two different years in the Maule Region, being the first report of this longhorn beetle for Chile and for the New World