Occupational therapy : autonomy, governmentality and subjectification

This paper explores Occupational Therapy (OT) interventions using a dialogical perspective with therapists and people with functional diversity.[1] Framing the dialogue between the discourses that participate in the therapeutic process, the paper reflexively explores the interferences in the forms of subjectivity that the discipline promotes under the governmental umbrella. The research uses ethnographic and narrative material as the basis of its methodology. The material suggests that OT, like other health disciplines, constitutes a governmental mechanism of bodily regulation that produces subjectification through certain procedures: distributing persons in space, regulating their use of time, and perfecting their performance of activities. The reflection allows us to reconsider the construction of the "patient" in OT interventions considering the rights of persons with functional diversityEste trabajo explora las intervenciones de Terapia Ocupacional (TO) utilizando una perspectiva dialógica con los terapeutas y con las personas con diversidad funcional.2 Enmarcando el diálogo entre quienes participan en el proceso terapéutico el texto explora reflexivamente las interferencias de este diálogo sobre las formas de subjetividad que la disciplina promueve bajo una perspectiva gubernamental. La investigación utiliza como metodología material etnográfico y narrativo. El material sugiere que la TO, como otras disciplinas de la salud, constituyen un mecanismo gubernamental de la regulación corporal que genera la producción de subjetivación través de ciertos procedimientos como la distribución de las personas en el espacio, la regulación del uso del tiempo y el perfeccionamiento de su desempeño de las actividades. La reflexión permite reconstruir la construcción del "paciente" en las intervenciones de TO, considerando los derechos de las personas con diversidad funcionalEste trabalho explora as intervenções de Terapia Ocupacional (TO) utilizando uma perspectiva dialógica com os terapeutas e com as pessoas com diversidade funcional.[3] Delimitando o diálogo entre os que participam do processo terapêutico, o texto explora de forma reflexiva as interferências desse diálogo sobre as formas de subjetividade que a disciplina promove sob um ponto de vista governamental. A pesquisa utiliza como metodologia material etnográfico e narrativo. O material sugere que TO, como outras disciplinas da saúde, constituem um mecanismo governamental da regulação corporal que a produção de subjetivação gera por meio de certos procedimentos como: a distribuição das pessoas no espaço, a regulação do uso do tempo e o aperfeiçoamento de seu desempenho das atividades. A reflexão permite reconstruir a construção do "paciente" nas intervenções de TO, considerando os direitos das pessoas com diversidade funciona

Superblocks, neighbourhood units and residential islands as fragments of the collage city

In the intense debate that surrounds modernist housing estates in Europe there is a common argument: the contrast between the high quality of urban spaces in the compact traditional city and the low quality of new mass housing developments. In our opinion, the comparison should be made not with the traditional city but with the remaining peripheral landscape. The question is: do those ‘fragments’ of the modern ‘collage city’ that float between infrastructures and urban voids have greater or worse urban quality than the so-called ‘ordinary peripheries’? In this regard, determining the level of isolation from or integration into the immediate urban tissue is a key issue. The aim of this paper is to study eight housing estates in four cities (Rome, Milan, Madrid, Barcelona) and analyse how these ‘fragments’ developed in regard to their immediate urban context. How were they designed and with what specific features, compared to their European counterparts? What role and impact did urban planning and projects have in their fragmentary development? What conclusions can we draw comparing these quartieri and polígonos fifty years later? What are the values and weaknesses of those ‘fragments’ in comparison with the urban tissues of the surrounding ‘ordinary peripheries’

Diseño y modelado de la instalación eléctrica de un túnel de carretera que circula por debajo de un canal

Este es un proyecto de final de grado que trata sobre la instalación eléctrica de baja y media tensión de un túnel bitubo que pasa por debajo de un canal, está dirigido conjuntamente con la empresa SENER, una empresa internacional de ingeniería.En este trabajo se describen y se tratan los diferentes elementos necesarios que influyen en la distribución de la energía por ambos túneles, con tal de poder alimentar a las diferentes cargas finales. Se proponen y se dimensionan los diferentes equipos para poder afrontar posibles situaciones de emergencia donde algunos de los equipos de media o baja tensión queden fuera de servicio.Además, se realizará un modelado 3D de uno de los edificios alimentadores donde se sitúan los equipos eléctricos mencionados anteriormente, se utilizará el software Revit, el cual sigue la tecnología BIM (Building Information Modeling

Carbon nitride deposition by magnetron sputtering: structural, mechanical, electrical and optical properties

Carbon nitride films were deposited using a magnetron sputtering technique based on the Penning type geometry. For deposition, graphite targets were used in a nitrogen/argon gas mixture. The technique employed consists of two opposing cathodes, with two very strong magnets placed behind them. The magnetic field created with this configuration, in conjunction with the electric field, provides a high ion flux at the substrate, which results in high deposition rates (up to 3fim/h) and increased nitrogen incorporation in the films (up to 45 at.% N). The effect of deposition parameters, such as nitrogen partial pressure (Npp), substrate bias, and deposition temperature on the film properties has been investigated. The effect of nitrogen addition on the structural properties of carbon nitride films has been characterised in terms of its composition, infrared and Raman spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nitrogen content in the films was measured by Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and film thickness by a surface profilometer. Infrared spectra revealed that the films have an amorphous structure, in which nitrogen is mainly incorporated in C=N sp2-type bonding configurations, with some proportion of O N sp-type bonding, which increases with nitrogen incorporation. Above 20 at.% N, a structural rearrangement occurs in which N preferentially bonds to itself. Core level XPS peaks due to carbon and nitrogen Is electrons were assigned to different types of bonds in accordance with Raman and IR spectra and by comparison with other assignments found in literature. A Nanoindenter instrument was employed to investigate the mechanical properties of the films. Nanoindentation load-displacement curves provide a 'mechanical fingerprint' of the material’s response to contact deformation. Hardness and elastic modulus values obtained for carbon nitride films using the Oliver and Pharr technique ranged from 8-12 GPa and 90-120 GPa respectively. Hardness was shown to decrease with Npp but was not dependent on total nitrogen content. Hardness was better correlated to the ON bond concentration; the increased amount of ON bonds causes a weakened structure as they serve as network terminators in the carbon backbone structure. The hardness of the films correlates with the presence of a graphite-like structure dominated by sp2 bonding structure. The effect of substrate bias, annealing and deposition temperature on the film’s hardness and structure is also described. Higher coefficients of friction were found for harder films deposited at different substrate bias. The stress is shown to be concentrated at the film-substrate interface whereas the bulk of the film is stress-free and increases at higher substrate bias as ion bombardment increases. The XPS and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) valence band (VB) spectra have been reported. The evolution of bands corresponding to jt and a bonding with Npp reveals that there is a greater degree of sp2 bonding as the nitrogen partial pressure (Npp) is initially increased compared to the pure carbon samples. However, with further increase in Npp (reaching 100%), the bonding becomes more sp3-like. The films’ electronic states were further investigated as a function of Npp using techniques such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The observations reported point to the reasons why crystalline (5-C3N4 material has been found only with high Npp despite the fact that nitrogen content is not significantly enhanced in this situation. Various electrical analysis techniques were employed to study the electrical properties of carbon nitride films. The four-point probe and van der Pauw methods were used for resistivity measurements. From these analyses, the resistivity was found to increase with Npp, and to be controlled by the amount of C=N bonding, which causes a decrease in the number density of electrons available for conduction. N is incorporated in the films in a non-doping configuration. From temperature-dependent resistivity measurements, it was proposed a transition from metallic to semiconducting behaviour as nitrogen is incorporated in the films. A conduction mechanism typical of low mobility amorphous semiconductors was suggested. An increase in both negative substrate bias and deposition temperatue produce films with lower resistivity. The optical gap was estimated from absorption coefficient measurements in the ultraviolet-visible region. Refractive index and extinction coefficient measurements are also reported. An electron emission configuration revealed that it is possible to obtain moderate emission current from a number of carbon nitride films. Despite the fact that the analysis techniques considered here give results consistent with an amorphous carbon nitride solid, there is some evidence of crystalline P-C3N4 areas co-existing with the mainly amorphous structure for films deposited at 100% Npp. There is room for further optimisation of the quality of carbon nitride films deposited by reactive Penning-type magnetron sputtering with respect to composition, structure and application-relevant properties

Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor is involved in the regulation of the metabolism of hepatic triglycerides in hypercholesterolemic rabbits induced by diet and partially reversed by administration of Olive Oil

Las enfermedades crónicas del adulto se incrementan progresivamente en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. Un marcador típico de ellas es la hipercolesterolemia (HC) frecuentemente asociada a malos hábitos alimenticios. Nuestro grupo de trabajo desarrolló un modelo de conejos hipercolesterolémicos sometidos a dietas ricas en grasa. En publicaciones demostramos que el incremento de colesterol sérico a expensas de dietas grasas promueve fallas a nivel del túbulo seminífero con disminución de la eficiencia tubular, apoptosis y deterioro de la espermiogénesis. Esto se manifiesta por disminución del número de espermatozoides por ml de semen e incremento de las formas anormales (teratozoospermia). La incorporación del aceite de oliva virgen extra (AOVE) a la dieta promovió una atenuación o corrección completa de las alteraciones seminales o espermáticas. Utilizando este modelo, resulta de interés analizar si se producen también en estos animales alteraciones en los Triglicéridos (TG). Esto se evidenciaría tanto a nivel plasmático como por un incremento de los depósitos intracelulares en distintos órganos, entre ellos el hígado. Profundizando en este sentido, se estudiará: la implicancia de PEDF (Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor) quien mediante unión a su receptor ATGL (Adipose Trigliceride Lipase) activa el primer paso en la hidrólisis de los triglicéridos y la participación en este fenómeno de la vía de PPAR gamma. Se determinará la expresión de mediadores de esta vía en muestras de conejos control, hipercolesterolémicos y protegidos por adición de aceite de oliva a su dietaChronic diseases of adults are progressively increasing in developed and developing countries. A typical marker is hypercholesterolemia (HC) often associated with unhealthy eating habits. Our group developed a model of hypercholesterolemic rabbits exposed to diets rich in fat. We demonstrated that the increase of serum cholesterol at the expense of fatty diets promotes failures at the level of the seminiferous tubule with decreased tubular efficiency, apoptosis and deterioration of spermiogenesis. This is manifested by a decrease in the number of spermatozoa per ml of semen and an increase in abnormal forms (teratozoospermia). The incorporation of extra virgin olive oil (OO) to the diet promoted an attenuation or complete correction of seminal or sperm alterations. Using this model, it is of interest to analyze if alterations in Triglycerides (TG) are also produced in these animals. This would be evidenced both at the plasma level and by an increase in intracellular deposits in different organs, including the liver. The implication of PEDF (Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor), which through binding to its receptor ATGL (Adipose Trigliceride Lipase) activates the first step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides and the participation of the PPAR gamma pathway in this phenomenon, will be studied. The expression of mediators of this pathway will be determined in samples of control rabbits, hypercholesterolemics and protected by the addition of olive oil to their diet

Occupational Therapy:Autonomy, Governmentality and Subjectification

This paper explores Occupational Therapy (OT) interventions using a dialogical perspective with therapists and people with functional diversity. Framing the dialogue between the discourses that participate in the therapeutic process, the paper reflexively explores the interferences in the forms of subjectivity that the discipline promotes under the governmental umbrella. The research uses ethnographic and narrative material as the basis of its methodology. The material suggests that OT, like other health disciplines, constitutes a governmental mechanism of bodily regulation that produces subjectification through certain procedures: distributing persons in space, regulating their use of time, and perfecting their performance of activities. The reflection allows us to reconsider the construction of the “patient” in OT interventions considering the rights of persons with functional diversity.Este trabajo explora las intervenciones de Terapia Ocupacional (TO) utilizando una perspectiva dialógica con los terapeutas y con las personas con diversidad funcional. Enmarcando el diálogo entre quienes participan en el proceso terapéutico el texto explora reflexivamente las interferencias de este diálogo sobre las formas de subjetividad que la disciplina promueve bajo una perspectiva gubernamental. La investigación utiliza como metodología material etnográfico y narrativo. El material sugiere que la TO, como otras disciplinas de la salud, constituyen un mecanismo gubernamental de la regulación corporal que genera la producción de subjetivación través de ciertos procedimientos como la distribución de las personas en el espacio, la regulación del uso del tiempo y el perfeccionamiento de su desempeño de las actividades. La reflexión permite reconstruir la construcción del “paciente” en las intervenciones de TO, considerando los derechos de las personas con diversidad funcional.Este trabalho explora as intervenções de Terapia Ocupacional (TO) utilizando uma perspectiva dialógica com os terapeutas e com as pessoas com diversidade funcional. Delimitando o diálogo entre os que participam do processo terapêutico, o texto explora de forma reflexiva as interferências desse diálogo sobre as formas de subjetividade que a disciplina promove sob um ponto de vista governamental. A pesquisa utiliza como metodologia material etnográfico e narrativo. O material sugere que TO, como outras disciplinas da saúde, constituem um mecanismo governamental da regulação corporal que a produção de subjetivação gera por meio de certos procedimentos como: a distribuição das pessoas no espaço, a regulação do uso do tempo e o aperfeiçoamento de seu desempenho das atividades. A reflexão permite reconstruir a construção do “paciente” nas intervenções de TO, considerando os direitos das pessoas com diversidade funcional

Genetic differentiation between natural populations of Drosophila subobscura in the Western Mediterranean Area with respect to chromosomal variation

International audienc