504 research outputs found
Dynamical mechanisms leading to equilibration in two-component gases
Demonstrating how microscopic dynamics cause large systems to approach
thermal equilibrium remains an elusive, longstanding, and actively-pursued goal
of statistical mechanics. We identify here a dynamical mechanism for
thermalization in a general class of two-component dynamical Lorentz gases, and
prove that each component, even when maintained in a non-equilibrium state
itself, can drive the other to a thermal state with a well-defined effective
temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Eine neue Brombeerart aus Spanien
Rubus lucensis H. E. WEBER & MONASTERIO-HUELIN (sect. Rubus ser. Pallidi W. C. R. WATSON) wird als neue Art beschrieben und abgebildet. Sie wurde bislang in zwei weit voneinander entfernten Gebieten Nordspaniens (Provinzen Lugo und Logroño) nachgewiesen.Rubus lucensis H. E. WEBER & MONASTERIO-HUELIN (sect. Rubus ser. Pallidi W. C. R. WATSON) is described as a new species and illustrated. Up till now it has been tound at two localities far away trom each other in northern Spain (provinces Lugo and Logroño).Se describe e iconogratia Rubus lucensis H. E. WEBER & MONASTERIO-HUELIn spec. nov. (sec. Rubus ser, PALLIDI W. C. R. WATSON), specie que se distribuye por dos localidades, muy distantes entre si, del norte des Espana (provicias de Lugo y Logroño)
Memory Effects in Nonequilibrium Transport for Deterministic Hamiltonian Systems
We consider nonequilibrium transport in a simple chain of identical
mechanical cells in which particles move around. In each cell, there is a
rotating disc, with which these particles interact, and this is the only
interaction in the model. It was shown in \cite{eckmann-young} that when the
cells are weakly coupled, to a good approximation, the jump rates of particles
and the energy-exchange rates from cell to cell follow linear profiles. Here,
we refine that study by analyzing higher-order effects which are induced by the
presence of external gradients for situations in which memory effects, typical
of Hamiltonian dynamics, cannot be neglected. For the steady state we propose a
set of balance equations for the particle number and energy in terms of the
reflection probabilities of the cell and solve it phenomenologically. Using
this approximate theory we explain how these asymmetries affect various aspects
of heat and particle transport in systems of the general type described above
and obtain in the infinite volume limit the deviation from the theory in
\cite{eckmann-young} to first-order. We verify our assumptions with extensive
numerical simulations.Comment: Several change
What is so special about wingsuit BASE jumpers? A comparative study of their psychological characteristics
For the general public, BASE jumping is considered the ultimate extreme activity. Among BASE jumpers, those using wingsuits are generally perceived as the most experienced but also as the most risk-taking. Starting from this observation, we wanted to know whether wingsuit users differed in their psychological characteristics from other BASE jumpers. More specifically, we hypothesized that wingsuit users would be characterized by higher levels of mental toughness and by lower levels of harm avoidance. We also expected them to use more mental training techniques than the other jumpers. To this end, we conducted a vast survey on a sample of 183 BASE jumpers. Contrary to our hypotheses, the results did not reveal any significant difference in psychological characteristics between wingsuit users and other BASE jumpers. This absence of significant differences is discussed and recommendations for the use of mixed or multi-methods in the study of extreme sports are proposed
Influence of the Stimulation Current on the Differences between Cell and Tissue Electrophysiological Simulations
This study compares stimulation waveforms for single-cell simulations. The alternatives include monophasic and biphasic current pulses, and a new waveform that resembles the transmembrane current responsible for conduction in tissue. Results indicate that the new stimulation produces the lowest mismatch between action potential markers simulated in cell and in tissue. In comparison with the monophasic stimulation, the new stimulation reduced cell-fiber differences by 99% for triangulation, by 95% for maximum transmembrane voltage, and by 76% for the maximum voltage slope. In conclusion, the new stimulation waveform could help to improve the trustworthiness of single-cell simulations in studies involving tissue-derived markers
Third quantization: a general method to solve master equations for quadratic open Fermi systems
The Lindblad master equation for an arbitrary quadratic system of n fermions
is solved explicitly in terms of diagonalization of a 4n x 4n matrix, provided
that all Lindblad bath operators are linear in the fermionic variables. The
method is applied to the explicit construction of non-equilibrium steady states
and the calculation of asymptotic relaxation rates in the far from equilibrium
problem of heat and spin transport in a nearest neighbor Heisenberg XY spin 1/2
chain in a transverse magnetic field.Comment: 24 pages, with 8 eps figures - few minor corrections to the published
version, e.g. anti-symmetrizing the matrix given by eq. (27
Nonequilibrium dynamics of a stochastic model of anomalous heat transport
We study the dynamics of covariances in a chain of harmonic oscillators with
conservative noise in contact with two stochastic Langevin heat baths. The
noise amounts to random collisions between nearest-neighbour oscillators that
exchange their momenta. In a recent paper, [S Lepri et al. J. Phys. A: Math.
Theor. 42 (2009) 025001], we have studied the stationary state of this system
with fixed boundary conditions, finding analytical exact expressions for the
temperature profile and the heat current in the thermodynamic (continuum)
limit. In this paper we extend the analysis to the evolution of the covariance
matrix and to generic boundary conditions. Our main purpose is to construct a
hydrodynamic description of the relaxation to the stationary state, starting
from the exact equations governing the evolution of the correlation matrix. We
identify and adiabatically eliminate the fast variables, arriving at a
continuity equation for the temperature profile T(y,t), complemented by an
ordinary equation that accounts for the evolution in the bulk. Altogether, we
find that the evolution of T(y,t) is the result of fractional diffusion.Comment: Submitted to Journal of Physics A, Mathematical and Theoretica
Investigation of the strength of beef bone
Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Business and Engineering Administration, 1920.by J. E. Cassidy and E. R. Monasterio.B.S
Boundary layers in stochastic thermodynamics
We study the problem of optimizing released heat or dissipated work in
stochastic thermodynamics. In the overdamped limit these functionals have
singular solutions, previously interpreted as protocol jumps. We show that a
regularization, penalizing a properly defined acceleration, changes the jumps
into boundary layers of finite width. We show that in the limit of vanishing
boundary layer width no heat is dissipated in the boundary layer, while work
can be done. We further give a new interpretation of the fact that the optimal
protocols in the overdamped limit are given by optimal deterministic transport
(Burgers equation).Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
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