Associação da perda precoce de dentes decíduos na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças pré-escolares : uma análise multinível

Introdução: Os dentes decíduos são importantes para um bom desenvolvimento infantil e a perda precoce pode trazer impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB). Objetivo: o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre a perda precoce de dentes decíduos e a QVRSB, em crianças pré-escolares. Métodos: o estudo transversal foi realizado com 769 pré-escolares, aos cinco anos de idade. As crianças e os pais/ responsáveis responderam aos respectivos módulos da versão brasileira da Scale of Oral Health Outcomes for five-year-old children (SOHO-5). Os pais/ responsáveis responderam a questionários validados que abordavam senso de coerência e lócus de controle, e a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e acerca da visita ao dentista dos filhos. O exame clínico para a avaliação de perda precoce de dentes decíduos foi realizado por três pesquisadores, os quais passaram por um processo de treinamento e calibração. Variáveis relacionadas ao contexto foram obtidas nas pré-escolas e em publicações oficiais do município. Modelos de regressão de Poisson multinível não ajustados e ajustados foram usados para investigar associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: a perda precoce de dentes decíduos foi observada em 29,8% dos pré-escolares. A perda precoce de dentes decíduos posteriores (RP= 2,65; IC95%: 1,51-4,68), senso de coerência fraco (RP= 2,25; IC95%: 1,62-3,11) e visita ao dentista (RP= 1,61; IC95%: 1,04-2,52) estiveram associadas a um impacto na QVRSB, segundo a versão dos pais. Na avaliação da percepção das crianças, apenas a variável de contexto tipo de pré-escola esteve associada à QVRSB (RP= 1,92; IC95%: 1,21-3,05). Conclusão: pode-se concluir que crianças com perda precoce de dentes decíduos posteriores apresentam um maior impacto na QVRSB, pela percepção dos pais, como também a ida ao dentista e um senso de coerência fraco dos pais/ responsáveis. Já através da percepção das crianças, apenas o determinante contextual tipo de pré-escola foi associado à QVRSB

Family and contextual factors associated with licit drug use in adolescence

OBJECTIVE: TO evaluate the family and contextual factors associated with licit drug use among 15 to 19-year-old adolescents in the school context. METHODS: This is a representative, school-based, cross-sectional study conducted with 746 adolescents from 15 to 19 years old enrolled in public and private schools. Parents/guardians reported on the sociodemographic variables, while adolescents answered questionnaires on drug use, family cohesion and adaptability, oral health literacy and visits to the dentist. Information on school context was obtained at the institution and via municipal publications. Associations between variables were analyzed using unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Prevalence of licit drug use at least once and a pattern indicative of harmful drug use were 39.8% and 15.1%, respectively. After the adjusted analysis of licit drug use at least once, the variables gender (PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01–1.59), family cohesion (PR = 9.81; 95% CI: 1.23–72.54), and average income of the school district (PR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57–0.91) remained in the final model. As for drug abuse, only the detached type (PR = 23.01; 95% CI: 2.46–214.87) and separated type (PR = 13.54; 95% CI: 1.40–130.97) of family cohesion remained in the final model. CONCLUSION: Experience with licit drug use was associated with family and contextual factors among the adolescents, while family cohesion was the main factor related to harmful drug use

Socioeconomic status and family functioning influence oral health literacy among adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate socio-demographic, family and behavioral factors associated with oral health literacy (OHL) in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing socio-demographic data. The adolescents answered validated instruments on family cohesion and adaptability (family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale), drug use (alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test), type of dental service used for last appointment and OHL (Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Oral Health Literacy in Dentistry). Two dentists were trained to evaluate OHL (K = 0.87–0.88). Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by Poisson regression analysis (α = 5%). A directed acyclic graph was used to select independent variables in the study. RESULTS: The following variables remained associated with better OHL: high mother’s schooling level (RR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.03–1.12), high income (RR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01–1.09), white ethnicity/skin color (RR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.01–1.10), married parents (RR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.01–1.09), “enmeshed” family cohesion (RR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.12–1.30), “structured” (RR = 1.06; 95%CI: 1.01–1.12) or “rigid” (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.04–1.19) family adaptability, having more than five residents in the home (RR = 1.07; 95%CI: 1.01–1.14) and having used a private dental service during the last appointment (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.03–1.13). CONCLUSION: Family functioning and socio-demographic factors influence the level of oral health literacy among adolescents

Conhecimento de acadêmicos em odontologia sobre maus-tratos infantis

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o nível de conhecimento dos acadêmicos do último ano de um curso de graduação em Odontologia sobre maus-tratos infantis. Esta pesquisa epidemiológica, descritiva e transversal, quantitativa e qualitativa, teve como amostra (n=59) acadêmicos do último ano do curso de graduação em Odontologia do Centro Universitário de João Pessoa (UNIPÊ), sendo realizada por meio de um questionário individual com perguntas abertas e fechadas. Os dados foram apresentados sob a forma de estatística descritiva (valores absolutos e percentuais) e apresentados através de tabelas, quadros, gráficos. Observou-se que a maioria dos acadêmicos não soube definir (100,0%) e classificar (96,3%) os maus-tratos infantis, porém a maioria dos pesquisados foi capaz de apontar os seus sinais/ sintomas gerais (97,8%) e bucais (91,1%). Assim também como informar a conduta a ser adotada diante de casos de maus-tratos infantis (80,4%). Concluiu-se que de uma forma geral, houve conhecimento parcialmente adequado dos acadêmicos do último ano de Odontologia do UNIPÊ sobre maus-tratos infantis.

Smoking, behavioral factors and familial environment: a population based study with brazilian adolescents

Objective The present study was aimed at assessing the association between smoking and both behavioral and environmental factors among adolescents in the public school system in the city of Campina Grande (north-eastern Brazil).Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 schoolchildren aged 10 to 19 years old; it involved using a structured questionnaire addressing behavioral and environmental factors and smoking. The Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analysis (5 % level of significance).Results Smoking prevalence was 3.3 %. The lowest age regarding tobacco use for the first time was eight years old and the 11 to 14 year old age group had the greatest frequency of initiation into this habit (44.3 %); 84.3 % of tobacco users smoked between one and 10 cigarettes per day. Smoking was associated with delays in schooling (p=0.047), gender (p=0.016), alcohol use and frequency of alcohol use (p and lt;0.001) and the relationship with one’s father (p=0.014) and mother (p=0.004).Conclusions Despite the low prevalence, an early initiation into smoking was found, suggesting that educational campaigns should be directed towards younger age groups. Alcohol use stood out amongst the variables studied, suggesting that smoking is influenced by both its use and the intensity of consumption