Psychophysiology of Executive Functions During Typing on a Computer

Продемонстрировано, что в процессе формулирования предложения при печати на компьютере, когнитивная нагрузка, выраженная в мощности бета-ритма, тем ниже, чем выше уровень развития ИФ, таких как переключение и торможение.It is demonstrated that in the process of formulating a sentence during typing on a computer, the cognitive load expressed in the beta power density is lower, the higher the level of development of IF, such as inhibition and shifting

ЭЛЕКТРООСАЖДЕННЫЕ ПЛЕНОЧНЫЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ ПРЕКУРСОРОВ КЕСТЕРИТНЫХ СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ

A comparative analysis of structure andsurface morphology of copper, tin, zinc films andfilm stacks madeby electrochemicaldepositionin galvanostaticsteady-state conditions, in galvanostatic modewith ultrasonicagitationof electrolytes,in the forwardpulse andreversepulse modeswith a rectangularpulses has been shown.The influence of themodesof electrodepositionon the structure, optical properties and surface morphology of theamorphous and crystalline selenium films presented.By sequentialelectrochemical deposition the film stacks Cu/Zn/Sn/Se andCu/Sn/Zn/Se were obtained, which are models ofkesterite precursors.Theseprecursorsafter theirconversion intoCu2ZnSnSe4 semiconductorsbysubsequent annealingwill be used asbase layers ofcheap and efficientthin film solar cellsof the new generation.Bibliography.10, Tab. 4, Fig.4.Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа структуры и морфологии поверхности пленок меди, олова, цинка и их слоевых композиций, изготовленных путем электрохимического осаждения в гальваностатическом стационарном режиме, в гальваностатическом режиме с ультразвуковым перемешиванием электролитов, в прямом импульсном и реверсивном импульсном режимах с прямоугольной формой импульсов потенциала. Изучено влияние режимов электроосаждения на структуру, оптические свойства и морфологию поверхности аморфных и кристаллических пленок селена. Путем последовательного электрохимического осаждения изготовлены пленочные композиции Cu/Zn/Sn/Se и Cu/Sn/Zn/Se, являющиеся моделями прекурсоров кестерита. Такие прекурсоры после их преобразования путем последующих отжигов в полупроводниковый материалCu2ZnSnSe4 будут использованы в качестве базовых слоев дешевых и эффективных тонкопленочных солнечных элементов нового поколения. Библ. 10, табл. 4, рис. 4.Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа структуры и морфологии поверхности пленок меди, олова, цинка и их слоевых композиций, изготовленных путем электрохимического осаждения в гальваностатическом стационарном режиме, в гальваностатическом режиме с ультразвуковым перемешиванием электролитов, в прямом импульсном и реверсивном импульсном режимах с прямоугольной формой импульсов потенциала. Изучено влияние режимов электроосаждения на структуру, оптические свойства и морфологию поверхности аморфных и кристаллических пленок селена. Путем последовательного электрохимического осаждения изготовлены пленочные композиции Cu/Zn/Sn/Se и Cu/Sn/Zn/Se, являющиеся моделями прекурсоров кестерита. Такие прекурсоры после их преобразования путем последующих отжигов в полупроводниковый материалCu2ZnSnSe4 будут использованы в качестве базовых слоев дешевых и эффективных тонкопленочных солнечных элементов нового поколения. Библ. 10, табл. 4, рис. 4

On the non-ideal behaviour of polarised liquid-liquid interfaces

peer-reviewedInterpretation of electrochemical data generated at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES), and realisation of the ITIES for technological applications, requires comprehensive knowledge of the origin of the observed currents (i.e., capacitive, ion or electron transfer currents) and the factors influencing the electrical double layer. Upon formation, the ITIES is away from equilibrium and therefore is a close approximation, but not a perfect realisation, of an ideally polarisable interface. Nevertheless, the formalism of equilibrium thermodynamics, e.g., the Nernst equation, are universally applied to interpret electrochemical processes at the ITIES. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic and AC voltammetry were applied to probe electrochemical processes at an ITIES formed between aqueous and α,α,α-trifluorotoluene electrolyte solutions. A significant contribution from faradaic currents is observed across the whole polarisable potential window and the electrolyte solution is not an ideal resistor (especially at high electric field frequencies). The electrical double-layer at the interface is influenced by the nature of the ions adsorbed. Small inorganic ions, such as sulfate anions and aluminium cations, are shown to absorb at the interface, with methanesulfonic acid absorbing strongly. The nature of ions adsorbed at the interface shifts the potential of zero charge (PZC) at the ITIES, which we propose in turn influences the kinetics of ion transferACCEPTEDpeer-reviewe

Face-discriminating dissolution kinetics of furosemide single crystals : in situ three-dimensional multi-microscopy and modeling

A versatile in situ multi-microscopy approach to study the dissolution kinetics of single crystals is described, using the loop diuretic drug furosemide as a testbed to demonstrate the utility of the approach. Using optical microscopy and scanning ion-conductance microscopy in combination, the dissolution rate of individual crystallographically independent crystal faces can be measured quantitatively while providing a direct visualization of the evolution of crystal morphology in real time in three dimensions. Finite element method models using experimental data enables quantitative analysis of dissolution fluxes for individual faces and determination of the limiting process—mass transport or interfacial kinetics—that regulates dissolution. A key feature of the approach is that isolated crystals (typically <60 μm largest characteristic dimension) in solution during dissolution experience high and well-defined diffusion rates. The ability to obtain this quantitative information for individual crystal faces suggests a pathway to understanding crystal dissolution at the molecular level and regulating bioavailability, for example, through manipulation of crystal morphology

Surface Charge Visualization at Viable Living Cells

Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is demonstrated to be a powerful technique for quantitative nanoscale surface charge mapping of living cells. Utilizing a bias modulated (BM) scheme, in which the potential between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in an electrolyte-filled nanopipette and a QRCE in bulk solution is modulated, it is shown that both the cell topography and the surface charge present at cellular interfaces can be measured simultaneously at high spatial resolution with dynamic potential measurements. Surface charge is elucidated by probing the properties of the diffuse double layer (DDL) at the cellular interface, and the technique is sensitive at both low-ionic strength and under typical physiological (high-ionic strength) conditions. The combination of experiments that incorporate pixel-level self-referencing (calibration) with a robust theoretical model allows for the analysis of local surface charge variations across cellular interfaces, as demonstrated on two important living systems. First, charge mapping at Zea mays root hairs shows that there is a high negative surface charge at the tip of the cell. Second, it is shown that there are distinct surface charge distributions across the surface of human adipocyte cells, whose role is the storage and regulation of lipids in mammalian systems. These are new features, not previously recognized, and their implications for the functioning of these cells are highlighted

High-Speed Electrochemical Imaging

The design, development, and application of high-speed scanning electrochemical probe microscopy is reported. The approach allows the acquisition of a series of high-resolution images (typically 1000 pixels μm-2) at rates approaching 4 seconds per frame, while collecting up to 8000 image pixels per second, about 1000 times faster than typical imaging speeds used up to now. The focus is on scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), but the principles and practicalities are applicable to many electrochemical imaging methods. The versatility of the high-speed scan concept is demonstrated at a variety of substrates, including imaging the electroactivity of a patterned self-assembled monolayer on gold, visualization of chemical reactions occurring at single wall carbon nanotubes, and probing nanoscale electrocatalysts for water splitting. These studies provide movies of spatial variations of electrochemical fluxes as a function of potential and a platform for the further development of high speed scanning with other electrochemical imaging techniques