Effect of Diamond and Carbide Burs on Dentinal Tubules and Predentin Diameter

OBJECTIVES: To find out the effect of Diamond and Carbide burs on the diameter of dentinal tubules and predentin of premolar teeth. METHODOLOGY: A Laboratory-based experimental study was conducted at the anatomy department, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, from January 2018 to March 2018. Sixty premolars were obtained from patients considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six teeth were extracted for control group A. Fifty-four maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth in patients underwent cavity preparation carried out by diamond bur (group B) for twenty-seven teeth and other twenty-seven teeth by carbide bur (group C) and were removed from patients at a dental hospital in Peshawar (RCD). They underwent processing and were then stained with Eosin, Hematoxylin and Masson's trichrome to observe the diameter of dentinal tubules and predentin. RESULTS: The dentinal tubules and predentin diameters were observed and measured in all samples in both control group A and experimental groups B and C. No effect was seen in dentinal tubules diameter. In the Control group, the diameter of predentin was less as compared to Experimental groups B and C, i.e., 10-17.5µm in group A whereas the range for Diamond bur (Group B) and Carbide bur (Group C) was 12.5-25µm and 20-37.5µm whereas. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that in comparison with Carbide bur, Diamond bur is more beneficial than Carbide bur as the Diamond bur has no effect on dentinal tubules diameter whereas little effects on predentin diameter

Impacts of board characteristics on corporate performance : evidence from Bangladeshi listed companies

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of board characteristics on corporate performance. To conduct this study one hundred and one Bangladeshi listed companies are taken into consideration. Simultaneous multiple regression analysis has been used to address the relationship between the proxy variables of board characteristics and the proxy variable of corporate performance. The study revealed that out of five proxy variables of board characteristics, board member’s ownership and foreign member on board has significant positive relationship on corporate performance whereas the other three proxy variables of board characteristics - board size, percentage of independent director on board and percentage of women on board has no statistical significant association along with corporate performances of the selected companies. Implications: The findings of the study portrays the scenario of board characteristics and its influence on corporate performance which certainly will pave the way to encourage the corporate people to take life-sustaining decisions regarding board members. These results also provide immense opportunity to the future researchers regarding to the exploration of the association between various attributes of board characteristics and levels of corporate performance.peer-reviewe

Correlation of red cell distribution width with inflammatory markers and its prognostic value in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease

Background. Recent studies have shown red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as a marker for severity and prognosis in coronary artery disease patients. Other studies have also correlated RDW with diabetes mellitus and inflammation. However, such correlation and prognosis in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease and diabetes after percutaneous intervention remains unclear. Material and methods. Our study group comprised of 730 subjects including 700 patients (cases) and 30 normal subjects (control group). Patients who presented with coronary artery disease were divided into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. All patients had RDW measured at admission and percutaneous intervention was done. Follow-up for adverse events was carried out between 6 to 12 months. Results. RDW was elevated in patients as compared to control group (p < 0.05). RDW correlated well with inflammatory markers including erythrocyte sedimen­tation rate, C-reactive protein, HbA1c, white blood cells and troponin. RDW was higher with more severe atherosclerosis based on SYNTAX and Gensini scores (p < 0.05). Prognosis was found to be worse in patients with high RDW as well as in diabetics. Conclusions. RDW has positive correlation with other inflammatory marker. It may be used as a marker in determining the severity and prognosis in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease

Forensic Facial Reconstruction from Skeletal Remains

The identity of a skull in forensic is of critical importance. Forensic facial reconstruction is the reproduction of the lost or unknown facial features of an individual. In this paper, we propose the automation of the reconstruction process. For a given skull, a data-driven 3D generative model of the face is constructed using a database of CT head scans. The reconstruction can be constrained based on prior knowledge of parameters such as bone thickness measurements, cranial landmark distance measurements and demographics (age, weight, height, and BMI). The CT scan slices are segmented and a 3D model skull of 2D slices is generated with the help of Marching Cubes Algorithm. The 66 Landmark points are then calculated using Active Shape Models and PCA algorithm and placed on the skull. These Landmark points act as references for tissue generation. The facial soft tissue thickness is measured and estimated at the 66 craniometric landmarks used in forensic facial reconstruction. The skin mesh is generated using Delaunay automatic triangulation method. The performance of this model is then measured using RSME technique. The aim of this study is to develop a combination of techniques and algorithms to give the most accurate and efficient results

ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CURCUMIN AND CYCLOSPORINE BY RP-HPLC

Objective: The present work was undertaken with an aim to develop and validate a rapid reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of curcumin and cyclosporine in the capsule dosage form. Methods: The RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of curcumin and cyclosporine was developed using Agilent (Infinity 1260) HPLC system and Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 x 150 mm i.d., 5µ) stationary phase. The optimized mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile: water: methanol (50: 10: 40 v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Separation of drugs was achieved in an isocratic mode and elution was monitored using PDA detector at 214 nm. The method was validated as per ICH-Q2R1 guidelines. Results: Retention time of the curcumin and cyclosporine were found to be 3.073 min and 6.373 min with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9993 and 0.998 respectively. The response of curcumin and cyclosporine was found linear in the concentration range of 8-48 μg/ml and 4-24 μg/ml respectively. The percent recovery values were found in the range of 97-103% indicating satisfactory accuracy of the method. The percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) values for the precision study was less than 2 which suggest that the method is precise. Conclusion: The proposed method was found accurate, precise and specific for the determination of curcumin and cyclosporine in bulk as well as in capsule dosage form. Thus, the present method can be used for routine analysis and quality control of curcumin and cyclosporine in bulk and capsule dosage form

Evaluation of micronutrients level and antinociceptive property of Eremostachys laciniata (L) Bunge

Eremostachys laciniata (Lamiaceae) a rich source of structurally different flavonoids is ignored for its micronutrients level and many biological activities. In this study, the plant was investigated for different micronutrients including, phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) and compared with adequate level of micronutrients for orchid crops. The crude methanol extract and different fractions of E. laciniata were also investigated for in vivo antinociceptive activity using Tailflick model. Except for boron, all other micronutrients investigated were well in the limits recommended for orchid crops. Crude extract and different fraction thereof showed excellent increase in latency time along with certain central effect of causing sedation, ataxia and hind limb extension. This increase in latency time is not only due to analgesia but may be a combined effect of sedation, ataxia and analgesia. The plant may be a useful source in future for the isolation of natural product with analgesic propert

Role of handloom board to generate employment in rural area: a study of Enaitpur Thana in Sirajgonj

This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Governance and Development, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 44 - 45).Rural non-farm development plays a key role in generating employment in many developing countries. In this regard handloom industry is one of the most important factors for the development of Bangladesh. There is a government authority that observes and upholds the status of this industry, which is Bangladesh Handloom Board. This study examines the role of Bangladesh Handloom Board’s role in rural employment generation. In the BHB ordinance there is no specific clause to generate employment in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Even though it has some functions by which this board tries to generate employment in the rural areas of this country. Moreover this board facilitates credit facility to the weavers, training and logistic supports. This is because they are given the privilege to uphold the status of this industry. It has been seen in the recent times people are escaping from this profession due to some unavoidable circumstances. So this paper tries to examine the role of Bangladesh Handloom Board in the employment generation in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Now it has already passed thirty five years from its inception. So it is time to assess the overall performance of Bangladesh Handloom Board and how they tried to support and generate employment in this sector. This study was conducted to assess the role of BHB to generate employment in rural area of Enaitpur thana in Sirajgonj District. I have selected Enaitpur Thana of Sirajgonj District as a selective sampling and then 50 respondents (weavers) were interviewed with questionnaire and followed by random sampling. Out of 50 respondents, 22 have got only credit facilities and 28 have not got. I tried to find out how handloom board can implement their functions and generate employment in rural area.Md. Ashraful Momin KhanM. Governance and Developmen

Nutritional composition and amino acid profile of a sub-tropical red seaweed Gelidium pusillum collected from St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh

Nutritional fact study has prime importance to make the species edible and commercially viable to the food consumers. The proximate chemical composition and amino acid profile of Gelidium pusillum were studied to understand the nutritional status. The red seaweed Gelidium pusillum was rich in dietary fibre (24.74 ± 1.05%), lipid (2.16 ± 0.61%) and ash content (21.15 ± 0.74%). The mean protein content (11.31 ± 1.02% DW) was within the range of 10-47% for green and red seaweeds and this range was higher than Gracilaria cornea (5.47% DW), Gracilaria changgi (6.90% DW) and Eucheuma cottonii (9.76% DW). Gelidium pusillum was found to contained all the essential amino acids, which accounted for 52.08% of the total amino acids. Tyrosine (26.2 mg g-1 protein), methionine (15.8 mg g-1 protein) and Lysine (48.3 mg g-1 protein) were the limiting amino acid of Gelidium pusillum. However, the levels of other essential amino acids were above the FAO/WHO requirement pattern (EAA score ranged from 1.14 to 1.62). Aspartic and glutamic acids constituted a substantial amount of the total amino acids (24.68% of total amino acid). The result from this study suggested that Gelidium pusillum could be utilized as a healthy food item for human consumption

Psychological impact of cancer on patients in a tertiary care centre: a prospective study

Background: Diagnosis of cancer, although physical in nature, has far reaching emotional impact on the person. The study aimed to analyse the psychological impact of cancer on patients with a focus on levels of distress and psychiatric comorbidity.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted on 169 consenting individuals in the department of radiation oncology, SKIMS, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in collaboration with the department of psychiatry, SKIMS medical college, Jammu and Kashmir, India, from November 2013 to January 2015. The NCCN distress thermometer was used to observe the temporal variations in the levels of distress over a period of time.Results: Anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder) were the most common psychiatric disorders diagnosed constituting 59%, followed by depression in 29%. About 12% patients were not diagnosed with any psychiatric ailment. One female patient with anxiety disorder developed acute psychosis. Counselling and psychotherapy provided improvement in 45% patients with cancer. In all, 86.4% required medication during the course of treatment and majority had improvement with it. A mean distress score of 7.73 was seen before, 8.29 during and 7.66 after treatment.Conclusions: Cancer bore a significant impact on the psychological bearing of patients, ranging from anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression to psychosis. Hence there is a need for monitoring psychological symptoms in cancer patients and development of appropriate psycho-oncology services