3,166 research outputs found
PolgĂĄri perjogunk fejlesztĂ©sĂ©nek lehetĆsĂ©gei Ă©s szĂŒksĂ©gessĂ©ge tekintettel a nemzetközi trendekre = The possibilities and necessity of development of the hungarian civil procedure law with special regards to the international changes
A 2003-ban indulĂł kutatĂĄsunk kezdetĂ©n behatĂłan elemeztĂŒk azt a közössĂ©gi jogalkotĂĄsi folyamatot, annak egyes ĂĄllomĂĄsait, amelyek szĂŒksĂ©gessĂ© Ă©s lehetĆvĂ© tettĂ©k a polgĂĄri eljĂĄrĂĄsjogi jogharmonizĂĄciĂłt ? kĂ©sĆbbi jogegysĂ©gesĂtĂ©st. Ezt követĆen megkezdtĂŒk az Amszterdami SzerzĆdĂ©s hatĂĄlybalĂ©pĂ©se utĂĄn megalkotott közössĂ©gi jogi normĂĄk, normatervezetek, elĆkĂ©szĂtĆ anyagok elemzĂ©sĂ©t, melyek egy szisztematikus tĂ©mafeldolgozĂĄs menetĂ©t mutatjĂĄk. KutatĂĄsunk csĂșcspontjĂĄt Ă©s összegzĂ©sĂ©t a "PolgĂĄri eljĂĄrĂĄsjogi szabĂĄlyok az EurĂłpai UniĂł jogĂĄban" c. 2006. januĂĄrjĂĄban a Complex KiadĂłnĂĄl megjelent kommentĂĄr jelenti (518 o.), melynek nyolc fejezete kĂ©szĂŒlt az OTKA kutatĂĄs kereti között feldolgozva valamennyi vonatkozĂł közössĂ©gi normĂĄt. MegĂĄllapĂtottuk a magyar Ă©s a vizsgĂĄlt uniĂłs joganyag összevetĂ©se kapcsĂĄn, hogy viszonylag kevĂ©s helyen van diszharmĂłnia; a magyar jogszabĂĄlyok döntĆ többsĂ©ge összhangban ĂĄll a vonatkozĂł uniĂłs normĂĄkkal. Rendszeresen publikĂĄlt kutatĂĄsi eredmĂ©nyeinkkel a korrekt szakmai tĂĄjĂ©koztatĂĄs szĂĄndĂ©ka mellett fel kĂvĂĄntuk hĂvni mind a jogtudomĂĄny, mind a joggyakorlat figyelmĂ©t a vonatkozĂł közössĂ©gi normĂĄk ismeretĂ©nek jelentĆsĂ©gĂ©re, a jogalkalmazĂłkĂ©t emellett arra is, hogy a közössĂ©gi jog alkalmazĂĄsa a mindennapi gyakorlatban kĂŒlönös körĂŒltekintĂ©st igĂ©nyel Ă©s az EurĂłpai BĂrĂłsĂĄg esetjogĂĄnak mĂ©lyrehatĂł ismeretĂ©t tĂ©telezi fel. | At the beginning of our research in 2003, we analysed the Community judicial activities in civil and commercial matters, the stages of this development. First we could talk about harmonization of the rules of civil procedure, but the Amsterdam Treaty transferred this activity from the third pillar to the first pillar so as to establish a European law-enforcement area. After it we started to analyse those EU Regulations, Green Papers and other preparatory documents, which had been accepted after the entry into force of Treaty of Amsterdam. This was a systematic research work. The summary of our work was published in a commentary book in 2006, which title is The rules of civil procedure in the European Union. Eight chapters of this book were made under the supporting of Hungarian Scientific Research Fund. The commentary analyses all legal instruments in connection with judicial cooperation in civil matters in the European Union. We compared these Regulations and Directives with the Hungarian acts, and we could state that the difference was not significant. We tried to invite the jurisprudence and legal practice to pay more attention on getting to know these EU legal instruments. And we called up the practitioners to study the judgements of the European Court of Justice
Glimpses of the Third Millennium BC in the Carpathian Basin
The relative and absolute chronology of the cultural groups of the 3rd millennium BC is a particularly exciting
field of prehistoric research because this period spans the assumed boundary of two major periods â the
final phase of the Copper Age and the initial phase of the Early Bronze Age. The transition from one major
archaeological period to the next no doubt involved major structural changes. The transition period roughly
spanning the middle third of the 3rd millennium BC, i.e. the period between the close of the Late Copper Age
and the Early Bronze Age 2a in Hungary, corresponds to what is known as the Late Eneolithic in Central
Europe and is generally divided into three main phases: 1. the late Baden, 2. the post-Baden/VuÄedol, and 3.
the post-VuÄedol period.
The transition in the Carpathian Basin had a mosaic patterning: the rhythm of change varied from region
to region and the transformation in each major region followed a different cultural trajectory (Fig. 1, Table 1).
This period is here examined in the light of two recently discovered finds from Hungary (Fig. 2, Fig. 4). The
finds described here offered a glimpse into the transitional period between the Copper Age and the Bronze Age,
with a focus on southern Transdanubia. The more or less identical artefacts and decorative styles appearing
roughly synchronously in several regions reflect the periodâs cultural contacts spanning extensive territories.
The mapping of these communications networks and the clarification of the periodâs finer chronological details
based on the growing corpus of data will no doubt remain one of the priorities of future research. | A Kr. e. 3. Ă©vezred relatĂv Ă©s abszolĂșt kronolĂłgiai viszonyainak kutatĂĄsa kĂŒlönösen izgalmas terĂŒlete az Ćskor
vizsgålatånak, hiszen két nagy korszak feltételezett hatårån, a rézkor kései és a bronzkor kezdeti fåzisainak
megismerĂ©sĂ©t foglalja magĂĄban. A nagy rĂ©gĂ©szeti korszak definĂciĂłk azt sejtetik, hogy fontos strukturĂĄlis
vĂĄltozĂĄsok ĂĄllnak mögöttĂŒk. A Kr. e. 3. Ă©vezred közĂ©psĆ harmadĂĄra tehetĆ ĂĄtmeneti idĆszakot, vagyis a
magyarorszĂĄgi kĂ©sĆ rĂ©zkor vĂ©ge Ă©s kora bronzkor 2a közötti korszakot, közĂ©p-eurĂłpai szemszögbĆl tekintve
a kĂ©sĆ eneolitikum idĆszakĂĄt hĂĄrom fĆbb szakaszra tagoltan vizsgĂĄlhatjuk: 1. kĂ©sĆ Baden, 2. post-Baden/
VuÄedol korszak, 3. post-VuÄedol korszak.
A KĂĄrpĂĄt-medence tĂ©rsĂ©gĂ©ben egy mozaikos jellegƱ, fokozatos, terĂŒletenkĂ©nt vĂĄltozĂłan eltĂ©rĆ ĂŒtemƱ Ă©s
tendenciĂĄjĂș ĂĄtalakulĂĄsnak lehetĂŒnk tanĂși (Fig. 1, Table 1). EzĂșttal kĂ©t magyarorszĂĄgi lelet alapjĂĄn vizsgĂĄljuk
a korszakot (Fig. 2, Fig. 4). A bemutatott leletek segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel a rĂ©zkor Ă©s bronzkor ĂĄtmeneti idĆszakĂĄnak
nĂ©hĂĄny kĂ©rdĂ©sĂ©t tekintjĂŒk ĂĄt, kĂŒlönösen a DĂ©l-DunĂĄntĂșl terĂŒletĂ©re fĂłkuszĂĄlva. A kor nagy tĂĄvolsĂĄgokat
ĂĄtfogĂł kapcsolatrendszerĂ©nek maradandĂł lenyomatĂĄt Ćrzik azok a tĂĄrgyak/stĂluslemek, melyek több rĂ©giĂłban
közel egyidĆben Ă©s hasonlĂł jellegben talĂĄlhatĂłk meg. Ezek alapjĂĄn fontos feladat lesz ennek/ezeknek a
kommunikåciós hålózat(ok)nak a tovåbbi feltérképezése és a folyamatosan gyarapodó adatok alapjån kronológiai
összefĂŒggĂ©seik tisztĂĄzĂĄsa
NagyvĂĄrosi egyenlĆtlensĂ©gek Ă©s tĂĄrsadalmi konfliktusok = Urban inequalities and social conflicts
A "NagyvĂĄrosi egyenlĆtlensĂ©gek Ă©s tĂĄrsadalmi konfliktusok" cĂmƱ 2005. februĂĄr Ă©s 2007. december 31. között megvalĂłsulĂł OTKA kutatĂĄs, illetve a "NagyvĂĄrosi egyenlĆtlensĂ©gek Ă©s tĂĄrsadalmi konfliktusok CsehorszĂĄg Ă©s MagyarorszĂĄg posztszocialista vĂĄrosaiban" cĂmƱ 2006 jĂșliusa Ă©s 2007 december 31. között megvalĂłsulĂł kiegĂ©szĂtĆ nemzetközi OTKA kutatĂĄs feltĂĄrta a globĂĄlis gazdasĂĄgi tĂ©rben eltĂ©rĆ helyzetƱ, differenciĂĄlt fejlĆdĂ©si sajĂĄtossĂĄgokkal rendelkezĆ nagyvĂĄrosi tĂ©rsĂ©gek tĂĄrsadalmi, gazdasĂĄgi, terĂŒleti egyenlĆtlensĂ©geit Ă©s a terĂŒleti egyenlĆtlensĂ©gek összefĂŒggĂ©sĂ©ben szervezĆdött Ă©rdekellentmondĂĄsokat Ă©s tĂĄrsadalmi konfliktusokat. Fontos kutatĂĄsi eredmĂ©ny tovĂĄbbĂĄ az egyenlĆtlensĂ©geket Ă©s a konfliktusokat meghatĂĄrozĂł folyamatok tisztĂĄzĂĄsa, az ĂĄtmenet, a piaci, tĂĄrsadalmi Ă©s gazdasĂĄgi körĂŒlmĂ©nyek, a globalizĂĄciĂł Ă©s az abban elfoglalt terĂŒleti pozĂciĂłk hatĂĄsainak feltĂĄrĂĄsa. A nemzetközi kutatĂĄs tovĂĄbbi eredmĂ©nye a differenciĂĄlt fejlĆdĂ©si sajĂĄtossĂĄgokkal rendelkezĆ cseh- Ă©s magyarorszĂĄgi vĂĄrosi tĂ©rsĂ©gek tĂĄrsadalmi-gazdasĂĄgi Ă©s terĂŒleti egyenlĆtlensĂ©geinek feltĂĄrĂĄsa, az ebbĆl fakadĂł tĂĄrsadalmi konfliktusok, közte a szegregĂĄciĂł vizsgĂĄlata, valamint az egyenlĆtlensĂ©geket Ă©s konfliktusokat meghatĂĄrozĂł folyamatok hasonlĂłsĂĄgainak Ă©s eltĂ©rĂ©seinek tisztĂĄzĂĄsa a posztszocialista vĂĄrosokban. globalizĂĄciĂł Ă©s az abban elfoglalt terĂŒleti pozĂciĂłk hatĂĄsainak feltĂĄrĂĄsa. A nemzetközi kutatĂĄs tovĂĄbbi eredmĂ©nye a differenciĂĄlt fejlĆdĂ©si sajĂĄtossĂĄgokkal rendelkezĆ cseh- Ă©s magyarorszĂĄgi vĂĄrosi tĂ©rsĂ©gek tĂĄrsadalmi-gazdasĂĄgi Ă©s terĂŒleti egyenlĆtlensĂ©geinek feltĂĄrĂĄsa, az ebbĆl fakadĂł tĂĄrsadalmi konfliktusok, közte a szegregĂĄciĂł vizsgĂĄlata, valamint az egyenlĆtlensĂ©geket Ă©s konfliktusokat meghatĂĄrozĂł folyamatok hasonlĂłsĂĄgainak Ă©s eltĂ©rĂ©seinek tisztĂĄzĂĄsa a posztszocialista vĂĄrosokban
A mobilitĂĄsi hajlandĂłsĂĄg regionĂĄlis differenciĂĄi MagyarorszĂĄgon
We made a layered questionnaire survey in 2005. In the research one thousand private persons responded to our questions: what aspects do Hungarian citizens prefer when choosing their place of residence, which Hungarian cities are considered successful by the respondents and why, what characteristics, advantages and disadvantages do they use to describe the city types, which are the cities that the stakeholders see as real centres of gravity, how much are the respondents willing to move to another residential places? In the light of the results, we repeated our survey in 2012-2013, allowing thereby the comprehensive evaluation of a period of almost ten years. In the second survey we used the method of a layered questionnaire survey again (the four aspects considered were as follows: breakdown of the Hungarian population by regions, gender, age groups and finally level of education), in which it was one thousand private persons again who responded to our questions. Our analysis this time also meant comparison, based primarily on statistical data with of researches made on the topic. This paper, as the title implies, is not more than the Publication of a few partial results of the survey, which can be seen in the selection of a few topics to be discussed, on the one hand, and the narrowing down of the results to the regional differences of mobility willingness, on the other hand
Transformations in the Carpathian Basin around 1600 B. C.
Um die Zeit des Vulkanausbruchs von Thera fanden wichtige
VerÀnderungen im Karpatenbecken statt. Diese sogenannte
Koszider Epoche korrespondiert mit der letzten Phase der
mittleren Bronzezeit in der ungarischen Terminologie und
stellt den Ăbergang zur spĂ€ten Bronzezeit dar. Die Untersuchung
dieser Epoche hat sich bisher als kontrovers erwiesen
â sowohl unter ungarischen als auch mitteleuropĂ€ischen Wissenschaftlern.
Erst in den letzten Jahren ist diese Epoche nicht
mehr als kurzer Zeitraum, mit der ein bestimmtes historisches
Ereignis verbunden werden kann, interpretiert worden.
Vielmehr sieht man sie nun als eine lÀnger dauernde Periode
an, welche die BlĂŒtezeit der mittleren Bronzezeit im Karpatenbecken
markiert und die mit einschneidenden VerÀnderungen
endet.
Die Hauptelemente dieses Wandels sind allerdings noch
unklar. Unser Ziel ist es, den Wandel durch den Vergleich verschiedener
Aspekte dreier aufeinanderfolgender Phasen zu
untersuchen. Am Ende sollen einige neue ErwÀgungen stehen,
die die bisherigen Interpretationen dieser VerÀnderungen
erweitern können. | Around the time of the Thera eruption important transformations
occurred in the Carpathian Basin. This is the so-called
Koszider Period, which corresponds to the last phase of the
Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the Hungarian terminology and
represents a transition to the Late Bronze Age. The assessment
of the period has been controversial among both Hungarian
and central European scholars. In the past few years
this period has been interpreted not as a short »horizon« connected
to a specific historical event, but as a longer period
that represented the heyday of the MBA in the Carpathian
Basin, which ended with significant transformations. The
main elements of this transformation, however, are still unclear.
Our aim is to investigate this transformation through
the comparison of several aspects of three subsequent phases
and to amend the previously offered interpretations of the
changes with a few new considerations
Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of Salix viminalis L. using repetitive DNA sequences
Abstract Salix viminalis L. (2n=38) is a diploid dicot
species belonging to the Salix genus of the Salicaceae
family. This short-rotation woody crop is one of the most
important renewable bioenergy resources worldwide. In
breeding for high biomass productivity, limited knowledge
is available on the molecular cytogenetics of willow, which
could be combined with genetic linkage mapping. The present
paper describes the adaptation of a fluorescence in situ
hybridisation (FISH) protocol as a new approach to analyse
the genomic constitution of Salix viminalis using the heterologous
DNA clones pSc119.2, pTa71, pTa794, pAs1, Afafamily,
pAl1, HT100.3, ZCF1 and the GAA microsatellite
marker. Three of the nine probes showed unambiguous
signals on the metaphase chromosomes. FISH analysis with
the pTa71 probe detected one major 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA
locus on the short arm of one chromosome pair; however,
the pTa794 rDNA site was not visible. One chromosome
pair showed a distinct signal around the centromeric
region after FISH with the telomere-specific
DNA clone HT100.3. Two chromosome pairs were
found to have pAs1 FISH signals, which represent a
D-genome-specific insert from Aegilops tauschii. Based
on the FISH study, a set of chromosomes with characteristic
patterns is presented, which could be used to
establish the karyotype of willow species
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