Greater University Circle Initiative: Year 7 Evaluation Report

The Greater University Circle Economic Inclusion (GUCI) Initiative has surpassed a decade of existence by connecting neighborhoods, businesses, and leaders throughout seven neighborhoods that encompass Greater University Circle (GUC) in Cleveland, Ohio. This initiative was first assembled by the Cleveland Foundation in 2005 to bring together the three major anchor institutions located in these neighborhoods (Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Clinic, and University Hospitals Health System) to convene and meet shared goals by harnessing their collective economic power. It is important to recognize that in many other anchor initiatives in other parts of the country, initiatives are brought by one major anchor with smaller organizations at the table. The GUCI is rather unique in that it convenes three major anchors, two of which are healthcare competitors in the region, to foster opportunities for economic inclusion of neighborhood residents and businesses. This cooperation points to the systemic change that this initiative seeks to foster and shepherd to increase neighborhood opportunity within each of the anchors, as well as collaboratively across partner organizations. This seventh evaluation report examines the GUCI’s major accomplishments, challenges, and the future of this initiative. Early in the initiative, the group sought to focus its efforts on four major work streams: Buy Local, Hire Local, Live Local, and Connect Residents. This report is organized and reports findings around these areas

Greater University Circle Initiative: Year 7 Evaluation Report

The Greater University Circle Economic Inclusion (GUCI) Initiative has surpassed a decade of existence by connecting neighborhoods, businesses, and leaders throughout seven neighborhoods that encompass Greater University Circle (GUC) in Cleveland, Ohio. This initiative was first assembled by the Cleveland Foundation in 2005 to bring together the three major anchor institutions located in these neighborhoods (Case Western Reserve University, the Cleveland Clinic, and University Hospitals Health System) to convene and meet shared goals by harnessing their collective economic power. It is important to recognize that in many other anchor initiatives in other parts of the country, initiatives are brought by one major anchor with smaller organizations at the table. The GUCI is rather unique in that it convenes three major anchors, two of which are healthcare competitors in the region, to foster opportunities for economic inclusion of neighborhood residents and businesses. This cooperation points to the systemic change that this initiative seeks to foster and shepherd to increase neighborhood opportunity within each of the anchors, as well as collaboratively across partner organizations. This seventh evaluation report examines the GUCI’s major accomplishments, challenges, and the future of this initiative. Early in the initiative, the group sought to focus its efforts on four major work streams: Buy Local, Hire Local, Live Local, and Connect Residents. This report is organized and reports findings around these areas

Scaling impact in education for transformative change: Practical recommendations from the Real-Time Scaling Labs

Transforming education systems is a complex process that requires understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the educational ecosystem and exploring new approaches, ideas, and initiatives to improve quality learning opportunities for children and youth. However, research shows it is not enough to simply identify effective education initiatives and expand them to more people. It takes a combination of technical expertise, understanding of local contexts, political strategy, collaborative partnership, flexible adaptation, and shared vision to scale and sustain the impact of education initiatives. Scaling cannot occur through one actor alone; it requires concerted and collaborative action by multiple actors at all levels of the education system.Too often, the work of scaling is not captured by typical monitoring and evaluation or research studies and lessons learned are not systematically documented. In response, in 2018 the Center for Universal Education (CUE) at Brookings launched a series of Real-time Scaling Labs (RTSLs) to generate more evidence and provide practical recommendations on how to expand, deepen, and sustain the impact of education initiatives leading to transformative change in education systems, especially for the most disadvantaged children and youth.The purpose of this report is to look across all six of the RTSL cases to analyze common themes, insights, and lessons learned about the process of scaling as well as interesting divergences, and to offer considerations for others looking to learn from or build on this work. This report is intended for governments, education implementers, donors, and researchers who are interested in collaborative approaches to scaling impact in education

The effects of peripheral and central high insulin on brain insulin signaling and amyloid-β in young and old APP/PS1 mice

Hyperinsulinemia is a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vitro experiments describe potential connections between insulin, insulin signaling, and amyloid-β (Aβ), but in vivo experiments are needed to validate these relationships under physiological conditions. First, we performed hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with concurrent hippocampal microdialysis in young, awake, behaving APP(swe)/PS1(dE9) transgenic mice. Both a postprandial and supraphysiological insulin clamp significantly increased interstitial fluid (ISF) and plasma Aβ compared with controls. We could detect no increase in brain, ISF, or CSF insulin or brain insulin signaling in response to peripheral hyperinsulinemia, despite detecting increased signaling in the muscle. Next, we delivered insulin directly into the hippocampus of young APP/PS1 mice via reverse microdialysis. Brain tissue insulin and insulin signaling was dose-dependently increased, but ISF Aβ was unchanged by central insulin administration. Finally, to determine whether peripheral and central high insulin has differential effects in the presence of significant amyloid pathology, we repeated these experiments in older APP/PS1 mice with significant amyloid plaque burden. Postprandial insulin clamps increased ISF and plasma Aβ, whereas direct delivery of insulin to the hippocampus significantly increased tissue insulin and insulin signaling, with no effect on Aβ in old mice. These results suggest that the brain is still responsive to insulin in the presence of amyloid pathology but increased insulin signaling does not acutely modulate Aβ in vivo before or after the onset of amyloid pathology. Peripheral hyperinsulinemia modestly increases ISF and plasma Aβ in young and old mice, independent of neuronal insulin signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The transportation of insulin from blood to brain is a saturable process relevant to understanding the link between hyperinsulinemia and AD. In vitro experiments have found direct connections between high insulin and extracellular Aβ, but these mechanisms presume that peripheral high insulin elevates brain insulin significantly. We found that physiological hyperinsulinemia in awake, behaving mice does not increase CNS insulin to an appreciable level yet modestly increases extracellular Aβ. We also found that the brain of aged APP/PS1 mice was not insulin resistant, contrary to the current state of the literature. These results further elucidate the relationship between insulin, the brain, and AD and its conflicting roles as both a risk factor and potential treatment

Global Climate Change, Food Security and the U.S. Food System

Climate change influences on the major pillars of food security. Each of the four elements of food security (availability,access,utilization,andstability) is vulnerable to changes in climate. For example,reductions in production related to regional drought influence food availability at multiple scales. Changes in price influences the ability of certain populations to purchase food (access). Utilization maybe affected when production zones shift, reducing the availability of preferred or culturally appropriate types of food within a region. Stability of the food supply may be highly uncertain given an increased incidence of extreme climatic events and their influence on production patterns

School Inequality: Challenges and Solutions

“Welcome Remarks” were given by Wendy Collins Perdue, Dean of the University of Richmond School of Law, and Dr. Ronald Crutcher, President of the University of Richmond. (9:05 a.m.–9:15 a.m.) “Keynote” by Catherine Lhamon, U.S. Department of Education Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights. (9:15 a.m.–10:00 a.m.) “State-Level School Finance Panel” by Kimberly Robinson, Professor of Law at the University of Richmond School of Law; David Hinojosa, National Director of Policy with the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA); and Molly Hunter, Director of the Education Law Center’s Educational Justice program. (10:00 a.m.–11:10 a.m.) “Innovation in Addressing School Inequality Panel” by Lisa Scruggs, Partner with Duane Morris, LLP; Javaid Siddiqi, Director of Hunt-Kean Leadership Fellows at the Hunt Institute; and Jerusha Conner, Associate Professor and Graduate Education Program Coordinator at Villanova University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. (11:10 a.m.–12:20 p.m.) “School Discipline Panel” by Jason Nance, Associate Professor of Law and the Associate Director for Education Law and Policy at the Center on Children and Families at the University of Florida Levin College of Law; Marilyn Armour, a University Distinguished Teaching Professor and Director of the Institute for Restorative Justice and Restorative Dialogue at the University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work; Pamela Meanes, Partner at Thompson Coburn LLP and former President of the National Bar Association; and Meredith Harbach, Professor of Law at the University of Richmond School of Law. (1:20 p.m.–2:30 p.m.) Finally, a debate on the role the federal government should hold in the governance of public education featured Preston Green III, the John and Carla Klein Professor of Urban Education and Professor of Educational Leadership and Law at the University of Connecticut (arguing in favor of the federal government having an increased role) and Gerard Robinson, Resident Fellow of Educational Policy Studies at the American Enterprise Institute (arguing against). (2:30 p.m.–3:30 p.m.

Concert recording 2022-04-02b

[Track 1]. Act 1

Concert recording 2022-04-02b

[Track 1]. Act 1

Book Reviews

Book reviews of: Hattiesburg: An American City in Black and White By William Sturkey. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019. Acknowledgements, illustrations, map, notes, index. Pp. 442. $29.95 cloth. ISBN 978-0-674-97635-1.) Confederate Generals in the Trans-Mississippi, Volume 3: Essays on America’s Civil War. Edited by Thomas E. Schott and Lawrence Lee Hewitt. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2019. Maps, photos, notes, appendix, bibliography, index. Pp. xxiv, 374.$64.95 cloth. ISBN: 978-1-62190-454-0.) Mothers of Massive Resistance: White Women and the Politics of White Supremacy. By Elizabeth Gillespie McRae. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Acknowledgements, Abbreviations, illustrations, notes, index. Pp. xiv, 343. $34.95 hardcover. ISBN: 978-0-19-027171-8.) Poll Power: The Voter Education Project and the Movement for the Ballot in the American South. By Evan Faulkenbury. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Acknowledgements, illustrations, notes, index. Pp. xi, 200.$90 cloth, $27.95 paper. ISBN: 978-1-4696-5131-6.) Let Us Make Men: The Twentieth Century Black Press and a Manly Vision for Racial Advancement. By D’Weston Haywood. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Acknowledgements, illustrations, map, notes, index. Pp. xi, 340.$55 cloth, $19.50 paper. ISBN: 978-1-4696-4338-0.) The Man Who Punched Jefferson Davis: The Political Life of Henry S. Foote, Southern Unionist. By Ben Wynne. (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 2018. Acknowledgements, illustrations, notes, index. Pp. ix, 323.$47.50 cloth. ISBN: 978-0-8071-6933-9.) Desegregating Dixie: The Catholic Church in the South and Desegregation, 1945-1992. By Mark Newman. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2018. Acknowledgements, appendices, notes, bibliography, index. Pp. xvii, 455. $90 cloth,$30 paper. ISBN: 978-1-4968-1886-7.) The Loyal Republic: Traitors, Slaves, and the Remaking of Citizenship in Civil War America. By Erik Mathisen. (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Acknowledgments, illustrations, map, notes, index. Pp. xi, 219. $34.95 cloth. ISBN: 978-1-4696-3632-0.) Aberration of Mind: Suicide and Suffering in the Civil War-Era South. By Diane Miller Sommerville. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Acknowledgements, notes, bibliography, index. Pp. 448.$105 cloth, $34.95 paper. ISBN: 978-1-4696-4330-4.) Women’s War: Fighting and Surviving the American Civil War. By Stephanie McCurry. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2019. notes, acknowledgements, index. Pp ix, 297.$26.95 hardcover. ISBN: 978-0-674-98797-5.) Lines Were Drawn: Remembering Court-Ordered Integration at a Mississippi High School. Edited By Teena F. Horn, Alan Huffman, and John G. Jones. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2016. Acknowledgments, illustrations, map, notes, index. Pp. xi, 266. $35 hard back. ISBN: 978-1-62846-231-9.) Industrial Development and Manufacturing in the Antebellum Gulf South: A Reevaluation. By Michael S. Frawley. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 2019. ix, 256 pp. Cloth,$45.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-7068-7.) Integration Now: Alexander v. Holmes and the End of Jim Crow Education. By William P. Hustwit. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. 8 halftones, 1 map, notes, bibl., index. 288 pp. $39.95, hardcover. ISBN: 978-1-4696-4855-2.