Market structure and environmental amenities in hedonic pricing of rural cottages

Site-specific characteristics are attributes of tourism services for consumers and a factor influencing their costs and quality for producers. These services are a fine illustration of territorial rents. Using estimates from hedonic price equations, we test the role of environmental/territorial variables as services differentiation tools in the context of a non-competitive market, and recover the value of territorial rent generated by tourism managers' strategies. Two territories of reference are chosen, one currently benefiting from the renewed interest of the public, and a usual tourist destination. The results of a comparative analysis suggest that tourists' preferences for new destinations, combined with firms' strategies generate some catching up effect by emerging territories.ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION; HEDONIC METHOD; SERVICE DIFFERENTIATION; TOURISM

Interest of site-specific pollution control policies

Owing to increasing environmental concerns the current trend is to bend technical production systems in order to adapt them to the specific characteristics of the milieu and diversify them. Inherent to such dynamics is the issue of how to design the accompanying environmental policies. Theoretically, spatially targeted environmental policies are considered optimal, since economic agents tune their efforts according to the sensitivity of the milieu where they operate. But, according to empirical analyses, this advantage is undermined by the high cost of implementation, monitoring and enforcement. This paper outlines the conditions required for site-specific policies to be effective at least cost. Our starting point is the nitrate pollution of water from agriculture, which varies according to climate, soil type and agricultural production system. Farm management practices enabling to reduce pollution depend on this variability. An interdisciplinary study of the efficiency of differentiating the way this pollution is regulated was carried out on two sites in France. It focussed on assessing the importance of spatial variability in physical parameters and in private and social costs.NONPOINT POLLUTION; SITE SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY; SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; ABATEMENT COST; TRANSACTION COST

Le rôle des cognitions environnementales dans la valorisation économique des produits et des services touristiques

Cet article présente une analyse de la différenciation des produits et services touristiques dans les espaces ruraux que nous appelons "différenciation cognitive". Il montre comment les cognitions environnementales sont à l’origine d’une interaction positive entre qualité de l’environnement et achat de produits et services touristiques de qualité. Cet ancrage environnemental crée une demande rigide pour ces produits et services liés, qui favorise l’émergence de différentiels de prix élevés, source de rentes.. La première partie montre comment la relation entre activités touristiques et services environnementaux se construit à travers les cognitions environnementales (attitude, croyances, vécu affectif). La deuxième partie met en évidence la valorisation conjointe des services environnementaux et des produits de qualité terroir dans le cas du tourisme rural dans les Baronnies à partir d’une enquête réalisée auprès de locataires et propriétaires de gîtes durant l'été 2003.TOURISME;CONSOMMATION;ENVIRONNEMENT;PRODUIT DE QUALITE;TERROIR;TERRITOIRE;SCIENCE COGNITIVE; TOURISM;CONSUMPTION;ENVIRONMENT;LOCAL QUALITY PRODUCT;TERRITORY;COGNITIVE SCIENCE

Effect of Time-of-Flight and Regularized Reconstructions on Quantitative Measurements and Qualitative Assessments in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer With 18F-Fluorocholine Dual Time Point PET/MRI.

Recent technical advances in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) technology allow much improved time-of-flight (TOF) and regularized iterative PET reconstruction regularized iterative reconstruction (RIR) algorithms. We evaluated the effect of TOF and RIR on standardized uptake values (maximum and peak SUV [SUVmax and SUVpeak]) and their metabolic tumor volume dependencies and visual image quality for 18F-fluorocholine PET/MRI in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Fourteen patients were administered with 3 MBq/kg of 18F-fluorocholine and scanned dynamically for 30 minutes. Positron emission tomography images were divided to early and late time points (1-6 minutes summed and 7-30 minutes summed). The values of the different SUVs were documented for dominant PET-avid lesions, and metabolic tumor volume was estimated using a 50% isocontour and SUV threshold of 2.5. Image quality was assessed via visual acuity scoring (VAS). We found that incorporation of TOF or RIR increased lesion SUVs. The lesion to background ratio was not improved by TOF reconstruction, while RIR improved the lesion to background ratio significantly ( P < .05). The values of the different VAS were all significantly higher ( P < .05) for RIR images over TOF, RIR over non-TOF, and TOF over non-TOF. In conclusion, our data indicate that TOF or RIR should be incorporated into current protocols when available

Predicting Transmission Suitability of Mosquito-Borne Diseases under Climate Change to Underpin Decision Making

The risk of the mosquito-borne diseases malaria, dengue fever and Zika virus is expected to shift both temporally and spatially under climate change. As climate change projections continue to improve, our ability to predict these shifts is also enhanced. This paper predicts transmission suitability for these mosquito-borne diseases, which are three of the most significant, using the most up-to-date climate change projections. Using a mechanistic methodology, areas that are newly suitable and those where people are most at risk of transmission under the best- and worst-case climate change scenarios have been identified. The results show that although transmission suitability is expected to decrease overall for malaria, some areas will become newly suitable, putting naïve populations at risk. In contrast, transmission suitability for dengue fever and Zika virus is expected to increase both in duration and geographical extent. Although transmission suitability is expected to increase in temperate zones for a few months of the year, suitability remains focused in the tropics. The highest transmission suitability in tropical regions is likely to exacerbate the intense existing vulnerability of these populations, especially children, to the multiple consequences of climate change, and their severe lack of resources and agency to cope with these impacts and pressures. As these changes in transmission suitability are amplified under the worst-case climate change scenario, this paper makes the case in support of enhanced and more urgent efforts to mitigate climate change than has been achieved to date. By presenting consistent data on the climate-driven spread of multiple mosquito-borne diseases, our work provides more holistic information to underpin prevention and control planning and decision making at national and regional levels

Les métamorphoses pâlissantes dans les textes traduits : étude sur le jaune et le blond.

Ante la poca atención que reciben en la producción científica en español las “figuras de traducción” (existencia de una serie de fenómenos que se repiten, independientemente de los idiomas y traductores implicados), nuestro objetivo básico es describir el proceder de los traductores cuando verbalizan lo que ven, sienten, perciben y comprenden del mundo evocado en el texto que traducen. Intentamos así aportar un esclarecimiento del fenómeno de la comprensión lectora (las reducciones realizadas por los lectores) para asentar el sentido de los enunciados literarios, y al mismo tiempo de la actividad traductora. Para ello, el artículo plantea analizar el breve espacio que da cuenta de la aprensión e identificación de los colores en el discurso mediante la revisión de la traducción del color amarillo y el matiz rubio en un corpus de textos literarios franceses y españoles (552 ítems analizados) para intentar delimitar las situaciones en las que surgen las traducciones literales de este cromatismo, y las situaciones para las que los traductores proponen distintos tipos de alejamiento, aplicando su propio “filtro de color”. Permite observar estrategias recurrentes en las alteraciones de amarillo y rubio en los textos traducidos, manifestando mayoritariamente una intensificación del realismo -que tiende a adecuar los adjetivos seleccionados a la realidad habitualmente observada (atenuación del color amarillo en determinadas situaciones: naturaleza otoñal, tez, pelo, etc.)-, o bien una respuesta (casi) automática a prácticas de lectura codificadas -preferencia de dorado como equivalente de rubio en situaciones relacionadas con objetos o elementos de la naturaleza-. Nuestra conclusión básica es que la reorganización pictórica presente en las novelas analizadas tiende a acentuar los estereotipos y los modelos realistas, en detrimento de cierta singularidad cromática propuesta por los distintos autores. Consecuentemente los traductores pierden de vista el traslado a la escritura de la imaginación creadora en los textos originales, y en las traducciones privilegian la dimensión referencial del lenguaje en detrimento de su función poética, privilegian un texto más inmediatamente legible e inteligible, designando así un tipo de discurso lícito para la lectura eficaz de enunciados ficticios

On the structure of non-full-rank perfect codes

The Krotov combining construction of perfect 1-error-correcting binary codes from 2000 and a theorem of Heden saying that every non-full-rank perfect 1-error-correcting binary code can be constructed by this combining construction is generalized to the $q$-ary case. Simply, every non-full-rank perfect code $C$ is the union of a well-defined family of $\mu$-components $K_\mu$, where $\mu$ belongs to an "outer" perfect code $C^*$, and these components are at distance three from each other. Components from distinct codes can thus freely be combined to obtain new perfect codes. The Phelps general product construction of perfect binary code from 1984 is generalized to obtain $\mu$-components, and new lower bounds on the number of perfect 1-error-correcting $q$-ary codes are presented.Comment: 8 page

Cultural Bereavement and Resilience in Refugee Resettlement: A Photovoice Study With Yazidi Women in the Midwest United States

This study explored how ethnic Yazidi refugee women overcome adversity to promote psychosocial health and well-being within the context of U.S. resettlement. Nine Yazidi women participated in two small photovoice groups, each group lasting eight sessions (16 sessions total). Women discussed premigration and resettlement challenges, cultural strengths and resources, and strategies to overcome adversity. Yazidi women identified trauma and perceived loss of culture as primary stressors. Participants’ resilience processes included using naan (as sustenance and symbol) to survive and thrive as well as by preserving an ethnoreligious identity. Findings suggest that women’s health priorities and resilience-promoting strategies center on fostering a collective cultural, religious, and ethnic identity postmigration. Importantly, women used naan (bread) as a metaphor to index cultural values, experiences of distress, and coping strategies. We discuss implications for this in promoting refugees’ mental and psychosocial health in U.S. resettlement

Metabolism regulates exposure of pancreatic islets to circulating molecules in vivo.

International audiencePancreatic β-cells modulate insulin secretion through rapid sensing of blood glucose and integration of gut-derived signals. Increased insulin demand during pregnancy and obesity alters islet function and mass and leads to gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes in predisposed individuals. However, it is unclear how blood-borne factors dynamically access the islets of Langerhans. Thus, understanding the changes in circulating molecule distribution that accompany compensatory β-cell expansion may be key to developing novel antidiabetic therapies. Here, using two-photon microscopy in vivo in mice, we demonstrate that islets are almost instantly exposed to peaks of circulating molecules, which rapidly pervade the tissue before clearance. In addition, both gestation and short-term high-fat-diet feeding decrease molecule extravasation and uptake rates in vivo in islets, independently of β-cell expansion or islet blood flow velocity. Together, these data support a role for islet vascular permeability in shaping β-cell adaptive responses to metabolic demand by modulating the access and sensing of circulating molecules