PENERAPAN STANDAR ENTERPRISE SYARIAH PADA PENGELOLA UMKM UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN KEUNGGULAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Penelitian ini berupaya mengkaji dan menganalisis kemampuan pengelola usaha di sektor UMKM dalam mempertahankan usahanya melewati masa Pandemi Covid 19 melalui pendekatan enterprise syariah, yang merupakan strategi pengelolaan usaha berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini mengambil 124 pelaku yang menerapkan prinsip syariah sebagai budaya usaha secara purposive sampling melalui penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Akad Murabahah, Akad salam, Akad  Istishna dan kemaslahatan secara bersama-sama memiliki keterkaitan dengan keunggulan bertahan pada UMKM. Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan indikator akad murabahah, salam, istishna dan kemaslahatan secara simultan memberikan kontribusi terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha untuk bertahan di masa pandemi sebesar 26%. Secara parsial seluruh indikator standart syariah entreprise berpengaruh terhadap usaha pelaku UMKM mempertahankan usahanya. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa akad Murabahah yang berorientasi pada harga pokok dan keuntungan yang diambil dapat dipahami dan diterima oleh konsumen. Demikian pula pada aspek akad salam  yang berorientasi pada pengelolaan produk dan bahan yang dijual, akad istishna yang diberikan dan diterima oleh konsumen sebagai suatu kewajaran dan memberikan kepuasan, serta aspek kemaslahatan, yakni perhatian pengelola usaha pada kesejahteraan konsumen dan masyarakat sekitar secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha dalam mempertahankan usahanya di masa pandemi Covid 19.Penelitian ini berupaya mengkaji dan menganalisis kemampuan pengelola usaha di sektor UMKM dalam mempertahankan usahanya melewati masa Pandemi Covid 19 melalui pendekatan enterprise syariah, yang merupakan strategi pengelolaan usaha berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini mengambil 124 pelaku yang menerapkan prinsip syariah sebagai budaya usaha secara purposive sampling melalui penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Akad Murabahah, Akad salam, Akad  Istishna dan kemaslahatan secara bersama-sama memiliki keterkaitan dengan keunggulan bertahan pada UMKM. Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan indikator akad murabahah, salam, istishna dan kemaslahatan secara simultan memberikan kontribusi terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha untuk bertahan di masa pandemi sebesar 26%. Secara parsial seluruh indikator standart syariah entreprise berpengaruh terhadap usaha pelaku UMKM mempertahankan usahanya. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa akad Murabahah yang berorientasi pada harga pokok dan keuntungan yang diambil dapat dipahami dan diterima oleh konsumen. Demikian pula pada aspek akad salam  yang berorientasi pada pengelolaan produk dan bahan yang dijual, akad istishna yang diberikan dan diterima oleh konsumen sebagai suatu kewajaran dan memberikan kepuasan, serta aspek kemaslahatan, yakni perhatian pengelola usaha pada kesejahteraan konsumen dan masyarakat sekitar secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha dalam mempertahankan usahanya di masa pandemi Covid 19

The use of medicinal plants in health care practices by Rohingya refugees in a degraded forest and conservation area of Bangladesh

People in developing countries traditionally rely on plants for their primary healthcare. This dependence is relatively higher in forests in remote areas due to the lack of access to modern health facilities and easy availability of the plant products.We carried out an ethno-medicinal survey in Teknaf Game Reserve (TGR), a heavily degraded forest and conservation area in southern Bangladesh, to explore the diversity of plants used by Rohingya refugees for treating various ailments. The study also documented the traditional utilization, collection and perceptions of medicinal plants by the Rohingyas residing on the edges of this conservation area. We collected primary information through direct observation and by interviewing older respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 34 plant species in 28 families were frequently used by the Rohingyas to treat 45 ailments, ranging from simple headaches to highly complex eye and heart diseases. For medicinal preparations and treating various ailments, aboveground plant parts were used more than belowground parts. The collection of medicinal plants was mostly from the TGR. © 2009 Taylor & Francis

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Bangladesh: Effectiveness and Enhancements

This investigation reports on a study that explores the views of students, teachers and parents about the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in learning English as a second language in Bangladesh. This study focuses on the improvement of English language outcomes in Bangladesh. Though compulsory for fifteen years of schooling, public examination results indicate that students perform poorly in English. This research is conducted at the secondary schools in Bangladesh where English is compulsory because of its global nature as the second or foreign language. Mainstream students learning English using the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach are facing many challenges. The study employs a mixed methods approach which includes qualitative interviews, semi-structured focus group interviews and observations; and quantitative data involved achievement tests to find gaps between oral and written attainment, in order to determine the effectiveness of CLT developing language skills to communicate in and outside the classrooms. ESL learners in Bangladesh have been using CLT for nearly two decades, but the attainments are not satisfactory particularly in oral language (listening and speaking) compared to written language (reading and writing). Four schools (two high and two low achievement) were selected from two divisional cities according to the public examination results. Five students, all English subject teachers and five parents from each school were invited randomly to participate. Findings indicated a confirmation of the gap between oral and written language achievements and highlighted that CLT is not working effectively to develop communicative competence to the learners. The participants identified several factors causing this. Among these were large class sizes (number of students), an extensive curriculum, insufficient class time (duration), an inappropriate examination system, excessive teacher workload, lack of parent awareness of CLT, and negative relationships between home and school. All of these factors impact on the effectiveness of CLT in Bangladesh. All participants agreed that CLT as an approach is better than other approaches used in Bangladesh to develop English language learning, but the varied interpretation and implementation (practice) makes it less effective. Therefore, they suggested some issues for local and national level policy makers that could enhance the CLT practice in Bangladesh

Treatment of cheese whey wastewater by combined electrochemical processes

This study shows the good performance of a sequential electrochemical methodology, consisting in electrocoagulation (EC) followed by an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP), to treat raw cheese whey wastewater at laboratory and pre-pilot scales. In EC, different electrode materials like Fe, Al and stainless steel (AISI 304 and ASI 316L) were tested. Among EAOPs, photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) with active anodes like Pt or DSA((R)) and non-active ones like boron-doped diamond (BDD) were studied. At both scales, the optimum anode/cathode combination in EC was Fe/AISI 304, which yielded the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 22.0-27.0%. This is due to various effects on organic compounds: (i) coagulation promoted by Fe(OH)(3) flocs, (ii) cathodic reduction, and (iii) oxidation with generated active chlorine. At small scale, the resulting wastewater was further treated by PEF at pH 3.0. The highest TOC removal was achieved using the BDD, owing to the great oxidation power of hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, total nitrogen was abated much more rapidly with active anodes because of the attack of active chlorine on N-compounds. At pre-pilot scale, the post-treatment of conditioned wastewater made by EO with a BDD/Pt flow cell combined with UVA irradiation yielded the highest TOC removal, i.e., 49.1%. The high energy consumed by the UVA lamp would be a drawback at industrial scale, which could be overcome by using sunlight