23 research outputs found
PENERAPAN STANDAR ENTERPRISE SYARIAH PADA PENGELOLA UMKM UNTUK MEMPERTAHANKAN KEUNGGULAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Penelitian ini berupaya mengkaji dan menganalisis kemampuan pengelola usaha di sektor UMKM dalam mempertahankan usahanya melewati masa Pandemi Covid 19 melalui pendekatan enterprise syariah, yang merupakan strategi pengelolaan usaha berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini mengambil 124 pelaku yang menerapkan prinsip syariah sebagai budaya usaha secara purposive sampling melalui penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Akad Murabahah, Akad salam, Akad Istishna dan kemaslahatan secara bersama-sama memiliki keterkaitan dengan keunggulan bertahan pada UMKM. Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan indikator akad murabahah, salam, istishna dan kemaslahatan secara simultan memberikan kontribusi terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha untuk bertahan di masa pandemi sebesar 26%. Secara parsial seluruh indikator standart syariah entreprise berpengaruh terhadap usaha pelaku UMKM mempertahankan usahanya. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa akad Murabahah yang berorientasi pada harga pokok dan keuntungan yang diambil dapat dipahami dan diterima oleh konsumen. Demikian pula pada aspek akad salam yang berorientasi pada pengelolaan produk dan bahan yang dijual, akad istishna yang diberikan dan diterima oleh konsumen sebagai suatu kewajaran dan memberikan kepuasan, serta aspek kemaslahatan, yakni perhatian pengelola usaha pada kesejahteraan konsumen dan masyarakat sekitar secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha dalam mempertahankan usahanya di masa pandemi Covid 19.Penelitian ini berupaya mengkaji dan menganalisis kemampuan pengelola usaha di sektor UMKM dalam mempertahankan usahanya melewati masa Pandemi Covid 19 melalui pendekatan enterprise syariah, yang merupakan strategi pengelolaan usaha berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini mengambil 124 pelaku yang menerapkan prinsip syariah sebagai budaya usaha secara purposive sampling melalui penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Akad Murabahah, Akad salam, Akad Istishna dan kemaslahatan secara bersama-sama memiliki keterkaitan dengan keunggulan bertahan pada UMKM. Koefisien determinasi menunjukkan indikator akad murabahah, salam, istishna dan kemaslahatan secara simultan memberikan kontribusi terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha untuk bertahan di masa pandemi sebesar 26%. Secara parsial seluruh indikator standart syariah entreprise berpengaruh terhadap usaha pelaku UMKM mempertahankan usahanya. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa akad Murabahah yang berorientasi pada harga pokok dan keuntungan yang diambil dapat dipahami dan diterima oleh konsumen. Demikian pula pada aspek akad salam yang berorientasi pada pengelolaan produk dan bahan yang dijual, akad istishna yang diberikan dan diterima oleh konsumen sebagai suatu kewajaran dan memberikan kepuasan, serta aspek kemaslahatan, yakni perhatian pengelola usaha pada kesejahteraan konsumen dan masyarakat sekitar secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap keunggulan pelaku usaha dalam mempertahankan usahanya di masa pandemi Covid 19
The use of medicinal plants in health care practices by Rohingya refugees in a degraded forest and conservation area of Bangladesh
People in developing countries traditionally rely on plants for their primary healthcare. This dependence is relatively higher in forests in remote areas due to the lack of access to modern health facilities and easy availability of the plant products.We carried out an ethno-medicinal survey in Teknaf Game Reserve (TGR), a heavily degraded forest and conservation area in southern Bangladesh, to explore the diversity of plants used by Rohingya refugees for treating various ailments. The study also documented the traditional utilization, collection and perceptions of medicinal plants by the Rohingyas residing on the edges of this conservation area. We collected primary information through direct observation and by interviewing older respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 34 plant species in 28 families were frequently used by the Rohingyas to treat 45 ailments, ranging from simple headaches to highly complex eye and heart diseases. For medicinal preparations and treating various ailments, aboveground plant parts were used more than belowground parts. The collection of medicinal plants was mostly from the TGR. © 2009 Taylor & Francis
Integrating livelihoods and conservation in protected areas: Understanding the role and stakeholder views on prospects for non-timber forest products, a Bangladesh case study
Protected areas (PAs) represent a key global strategy in biodiversity conservation. In tropical developing countries, the management of PAs is a great challenge as many contain resources on which local communities rely. Collection and trading of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is a well-established forest-based livelihood strategy, which has been promoted as a potential means for enhanced conservation and improved rural livelihoods in recent years, even though the sustainability or ecological implications have rarely been tested. We conducted an exploratory survey to understand the role and stakeholder views on conservation prospects and perceived ecological feasibility of NTFPs and harvesting schemes in a northeastern PA of Bangladesh, namely the Satchari National Park. Households (n = 101) were interviewed from three different forest dependency categories, adopting a stratified random sampling approach and using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study identified 13 locally important NTFPs, with five being critically important to supporting local livelihoods. Our study suggests that collection, processing and trading in NTFPs constitutes the primary occupation for about 18% of local inhabitants and account for an estimated 19% of their cash annual income. The household consensus on issues relating to NTFPs and their prospective role in conservation was surprisingly high, with 48% of respondents believing that promotion of NTFPs in the PA could have positive conservation value. The majority (71%) of households also had some understanding of the ecological implications of NTFP harvesting, sustainability (53%) and possible management and monitoring regimes (100%). With little known about their real application in the field, our study suggests further investigations are required to understand the ecological compatibility of traditional NTFP harvesting patterns and management. © 2010 Taylor & Francis
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Bangladesh: Effectiveness and Enhancements
This investigation reports on a study that explores the views of students, teachers and parents about the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach in learning English as a second language in Bangladesh. This study focuses on the improvement of English language outcomes in Bangladesh. Though compulsory for fifteen years of schooling, public examination results indicate that students perform poorly in English. This research is conducted at the secondary schools in Bangladesh where English is compulsory because of its global nature as the second or foreign language. Mainstream students learning English using the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach are facing many challenges.
The study employs a mixed methods approach which includes qualitative interviews, semi-structured focus group interviews and observations; and quantitative data involved achievement tests to find gaps between oral and written attainment, in order to determine the effectiveness of CLT developing language skills to communicate in and outside the classrooms. ESL learners in Bangladesh have been using CLT for nearly two decades, but the attainments are not satisfactory particularly in oral language (listening and speaking) compared to written language (reading and writing). Four schools (two high and two low achievement) were selected from two divisional cities according to the public examination results. Five students, all English subject teachers and five parents from each school were invited randomly to participate.
Findings indicated a confirmation of the gap between oral and written language achievements and highlighted that CLT is not working effectively to develop communicative competence to the learners. The participants identified several factors causing this. Among these were large class sizes (number of students), an extensive curriculum, insufficient class time (duration), an inappropriate examination system, excessive teacher workload, lack of parent awareness of CLT, and negative relationships between home and school. All of these factors impact on the effectiveness of CLT in Bangladesh.
All participants agreed that CLT as an approach is better than other approaches used in Bangladesh to develop English language learning, but the varied interpretation and implementation (practice) makes it less effective. Therefore, they suggested some issues for local and national level policy makers that could enhance the CLT practice in Bangladesh
Breaking the silence: experimenting with creative approaches to ESL classrooms in a rural Bangladesh context
This study reports an interventive project in the ESL (English as a second language) programme of a rural junior secondary school in Bangladesh. The aim of the project was to introduce an interactive pedagogy and so make classes more relevant and enjoyable. This project explored a way to change from the existing teaching practice, which is transmissional and examination oriented (Podder, 2013; Mazumder, 2013).
As a result of global approaches to English language teaching the Government of Bangladesh has committed to encourage the use of interactive exercises in ESL teaching through various teacher training programmes. Studies, such as those by Abdullah and Shah, (2015) and Abedin (2012) show that there are many contextual challenges that hinder the initiatives, such as large classes, lack of opportunities to practice language, short class times, an extensive curriculum, an incoherent examination system and the use of traditional top down pedagogy. As a result, teachers often cite the various local and national challenges to justify continued use of traditional teaching methods in English sessions (Alam & Kabir, 2015; Ali & Walker, 2014; Ansarey, 2012).
This study began with the development of a teaching resource based on content from the Government supplied mandatory textbook but including a range of student-centred and group activities, including the use of role. As well as seeking to make classes more interactive, the resource suggested ways to implement a blended language strategy (Hamid, Jahan & Islam, 2014; Sultana, 2014), in order to reduce studentsâ fear of English, and consequent silence during classes, and to allow them to be creative and critical in making meaning through the target language.
The thesis reports a workshop in which the resource was trialled with teachers and then a series of classes in which the teachers applied the resource in classwork with students. The workshop and classes are reported as a series of narratives.
The methodological design is one of case study, with the case being the trialling of the interactive exercises in the project within the normal class of a rural junior secondary school. The approach is qualitative, seeking to capture aspects of the lived experience and the ways these experiences impacted on studentsâ, teachersâ and my own learning. I drew on data from classroom observations, photographs of the lessons in progress, interviews with students and teachers and my own reflective field journal. In analysing the process and in presenting findings I selected four thematic elements: engagement, creativity, enjoyment and criticality. The chapters are organised accordingly.
Through this account of how one project navigated the challenges that challenges that exist in ESL teaching in rural schools, this thesis offers an example of how ESL sessions can become interactive in Bangladesh context. This study argues that although there is still much to do in improving education in Bangladesh, it is not always needed to look for models of effective practice from outside sources but rather that models can be developed within the Bangladesh context.
While actions in a single classroom cannot in themselves make a large impact on a countryâs education as a whole, this case offers an example that change is possible and so may inspire future steps. This investigation, therefore, offers suggestions for educational policy and practice, indicating ways to break the student silence which often occurs in ESL sessions in rural Bangladesh
Restoration of degraded forest ecosystem through non-forestry livelihood supports: experience from the Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary in Bangladesh
Learning communities and fair trade in doctorates and development: report of a collaborative project
Treatment of cheese whey wastewater by combined electrochemical processes
This study shows the good performance of a sequential electrochemical methodology, consisting in electrocoagulation (EC) followed by an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP), to treat raw cheese whey wastewater at laboratory and pre-pilot scales. In EC, different electrode materials like Fe, Al and stainless steel (AISI 304 and ASI 316L) were tested. Among EAOPs, photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) and electrochemical oxidation (EO) with active anodes like Pt or DSA((R)) and non-active ones like boron-doped diamond (BDD) were studied. At both scales, the optimum anode/cathode combination in EC was Fe/AISI 304, which yielded the highest total organic carbon (TOC) removal of 22.0-27.0%. This is due to various effects on organic compounds: (i) coagulation promoted by Fe(OH)(3) flocs, (ii) cathodic reduction, and (iii) oxidation with generated active chlorine. At small scale, the resulting wastewater was further treated by PEF at pH 3.0. The highest TOC removal was achieved using the BDD, owing to the great oxidation power of hydroxyl radicals. In contrast, total nitrogen was abated much more rapidly with active anodes because of the attack of active chlorine on N-compounds. At pre-pilot scale, the post-treatment of conditioned wastewater made by EO with a BDD/Pt flow cell combined with UVA irradiation yielded the highest TOC removal, i.e., 49.1%. The high energy consumed by the UVA lamp would be a drawback at industrial scale, which could be overcome by using sunlight