Pierwotne cechy rzeźby terenu, powierzchniowej budowy geologicznej i stosunków wodnych obszaru Zespołu Staromiejskiego w Toruniu i jego bliskich przedmieść na podstawie analizy geoprzestrzennej

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct the original, i.e. prior to the town’s incorporation in the 13th century, features of the relief, surface geological structure and water conditions in the Old Town of Toruń and its close suburbs based on geological geoinformation as well as historical information that was integrated, analysed and visualized on a GIS platform. What is considered in this article are the reconstructed features of selected abiotic components of the natural environment of the area, where, in the 13th century, Toruń was chartered and where its suburbs begun to develop, that differ significantly from the today’s ones. During the eight centuries of the eventful history of the town, the almost primeval landscape of this area, influenced by intensive human activity was transformed into a cultural landscape that combined elements of the natural and cultural environment. The relief, the surface geology, and above all water conditions underwent fundamental transformations. The presented reconstruction of the aforementioned natural environment’s components of the Old Town of Toruń and its close suburbs is of an estimated nature. The applied procedure, despite many simplifications and limitations, is the first attempt at their quantitative reconstruction. The results may be the foundation for the reconstruction of the biotic characteristics of the natural environment in the period in question, for example, the natural soil and vegetation cover. In addition, it may be a premise for the verification of specific hypotheses concerning the conditions of the establishment and spatial development of Toruń.W artykule przedstawiono próbę rekonstrukcji pierwotnych, tj. sprzed lokacji miasta w XIII wieku, cech rzeźby tereny, powierzchniowej budowy geologicznej i stosunków wodnych obszaru Zespołu Staromiejskiego w Toruniu i jego bliskich przedmieść na podstawie geoinformacji geologicznej i historycznej zintegrowanej, analizowanej i wizualizowanej na platformie GIS (Systemy Informacji Geograficznej). Zastosowana procedura, mimo wielu uproszczeń i ograniczeń, stanowi pierwszą próbę ich ilościowego odtworzenia. Jej wyniki mogą stanowić przesłankę do weryfikacji hipotez dotyczących uwarunkowań założenia i rozwoju przestrzennego Torunia.

Pierwotne cechy rzeźby terenu, powierzchniowej budowy geologicznej i stosunków wodnych obszaru Zespołu Staromiejskiego w Toruniu i jego bliskich przedmieść na podstawie analizy geoprzestrzennej

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct the original, i.e. prior to the town’s incorporation in the 13th century, features of the relief, surface geological structure and water conditions in the Old Town of Toruń and its close suburbs based on geological geoinformation as well as historical information that was integrated, analysed and visualized on a GIS platform. What is considered in this article are the reconstructed features of selected abiotic components of the natural environment of the area, where, in the 13th century, Toruń was chartered and where its suburbs begun to develop, that differ significantly from the today’s ones. During the eight centuries of the eventful history of the town, the almost primeval landscape of this area, influenced by intensive human activity was transformed into a cultural landscape that combined elements of the natural and cultural environment. The relief, the surface geology, and above all water conditions underwent fundamental transformations. The presented reconstruction of the aforementioned natural environment’s components of the Old Town of Toruń and its close suburbs is of an estimated nature. The applied procedure, despite many simplifications and limitations, is the first attempt at their quantitative reconstruction. The results may be the foundation for the reconstruction of the biotic characteristics of the natural environment in the period in question, for example, the natural soil and vegetation cover. In addition, it may be a premise for the verification of specific hypotheses concerning the conditions of the establishment and spatial development of Toruń.W artykule przedstawiono próbę rekonstrukcji pierwotnych, tj. sprzed lokacji miasta w XIII wieku, cech rzeźby tereny, powierzchniowej budowy geologicznej i stosunków wodnych obszaru Zespołu Staromiejskiego w Toruniu i jego bliskich przedmieść na podstawie geoinformacji geologicznej i historycznej zintegrowanej, analizowanej i wizualizowanej na platformie GIS (Systemy Informacji Geograficznej). Zastosowana procedura, mimo wielu uproszczeń i ograniczeń, stanowi pierwszą próbę ich ilościowego odtworzenia. Jej wyniki mogą stanowić przesłankę do weryfikacji hipotez dotyczących uwarunkowań założenia i rozwoju przestrzennego Torunia.

Relikty przebiegu sieci drożnej bliskich przedmieść Torunia z końca XVIII wieku we współczesnej topografii miasta na podstawie analizy GIS

The article presents research that aimed to identify the remains of the road network of Toruń’s close suburbs from the late 18th century on the contemporary system of city streets based on GIS (Geographic Information Systems) analysis. The study area included the close suburbs of the Old Town of Toruń. The source materials were two plans of Toruń and its suburbs from the late 18th century and a contemporary geodetic plan of the town. The historical plans did not meet cartometric requirements. Therefore, an essential condition for achieving the objective of the study was to make them precisely match the contemporary geodetic plan of the town (constituting the reference layer). For this purpose, a rubber sheeting type transformation was applied, which increased the cartometric value of the analysed plans and enabled the authors to acquire qualitative and quantitative data from them. In addition, a certain margin of error was assumed in the potential compatibility of the course of the contemporary streets of Toruń in relation to the roads of suburbs of the 18th century town, which was realized based on the buffer function. The results of the analysis show that the contemporary streets of the close suburbs of the Old Town of Toruń correspond to approximately 40% of the length of roads from the late 18th century, as depicted on the analysed plans. In the authors’ opinion, in the contemporary topography of the close suburbs of the Old Town of Toruń, many streets or their sections can be considered the remains of the course of the 18th-century roads with a high probability, and even, which results from historians’ research, the course of medieval ones. This is despite centuries of transformation of the town’s suburbs that were related primarily to the construction of fortifications from the 17th to the 19th century.W artykule przedstawiono badania, których celem była identyfikacja reliktów przebiegu sieci drożnej przedmieść Torunia z końca XVIII wieku we współczesnym układzie ulic miasta, na podstawie analizy GIS (Systemy Informacji Geograficznej) wybranych, historycznych planów Torunia i jego przedmieść oraz współczesnego planu geodezyjnego miasta. Wynika z nich między innymi, że współczesne ulice bliskich przedmieść Zespołu Staromiejskiego w Toruniu nawiązują do około 40% długości dróg z końca XVIII wieku.

Relikty przebiegu sieci drożnej bliskich przedmieść Torunia z końca XVIII wieku we współczesnej topografii miasta na podstawie analizy GIS

The article presents research that aimed to identify the remains of the road network of Toruń’s close suburbs from the late 18th century on the contemporary system of city streets based on GIS (Geographic Information Systems) analysis. The study area included the close suburbs of the Old Town of Toruń. The source materials were two plans of Toruń and its suburbs from the late 18th century and a contemporary geodetic plan of the town. The historical plans did not meet cartometric requirements. Therefore, an essential condition for achieving the objective of the study was to make them precisely match the contemporary geodetic plan of the town (constituting the reference layer). For this purpose, a rubber sheeting type transformation was applied, which increased the cartometric value of the analysed plans and enabled the authors to acquire qualitative and quantitative data from them. In addition, a certain margin of error was assumed in the potential compatibility of the course of the contemporary streets of Toruń in relation to the roads of suburbs of the 18th century town, which was realized based on the buffer function. The results of the analysis show that the contemporary streets of the close suburbs of the Old Town of Toruń correspond to approximately 40% of the length of roads from the late 18th century, as depicted on the analysed plans. In the authors’ opinion, in the contemporary topography of the close suburbs of the Old Town of Toruń, many streets or their sections can be considered the remains of the course of the 18th-century roads with a high probability, and even, which results from historians’ research, the course of medieval ones. This is despite centuries of transformation of the town’s suburbs that were related primarily to the construction of fortifications from the 17th to the 19th century.W artykule przedstawiono badania, których celem była identyfikacja reliktów przebiegu sieci drożnej przedmieść Torunia z końca XVIII wieku we współczesnym układzie ulic miasta, na podstawie analizy GIS (Systemy Informacji Geograficznej) wybranych, historycznych planów Torunia i jego przedmieść oraz współczesnego planu geodezyjnego miasta. Wynika z nich między innymi, że współczesne ulice bliskich przedmieść Zespołu Staromiejskiego w Toruniu nawiązują do około 40% długości dróg z końca XVIII wieku

Chronostratigraphy of the Vistulian Glaciation (Weichselian) on the Kujawy Moraine Plateau (Central Poland) Based on Lithostratigraphic Research and OSL Dating

The subject of the investigations presented here is fixing dilemmatic character (transgressive or recessive) of the Poznań phase of the Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation and answering the question about the possibility of lithostratigraphic separation of this phase from the Leszno phase in the region of so called Vistula lob. Here we present the outcomes of the research project carried out on a few tills exposures, which constitute the sedimentological record of the last ice sheet advance on the Kujawy Moraine Plateau. The absolute ages of 17 samples (collected from fluvial deposits uncovered in the geological logs) have been determined by means of the OSL method applying the single aliquots regenerative (SAR) dose protocol. The OSL data are analysed with regard to supposed bleaching conditions at the moment of the last transport and deposition of the material. In conclusion, some remarks on suitability of fluvial sands for OSL dating are made. In most of the investigated sites, there appears to exist only a single till level associated with the main stage of the Vistulian Glaciation. This fact and the results of OSL dating support the hypothesis, that the Poznań phase in Kujawy Moraine Plateau is not a distinct lithostratigraphic unit, but it is a recessive phase of the last glaciation

Characterisation and OSL dating of modern fluvial sediments in the lower Vistula River: testing the zeroing assumption

In this study recent sediments of the lower Vistula River were investigated to determine the relationship between the structure and texture specific features and the possibility of their zeroing. The samples of recent fluvial deposits were collected from the lower Vistula River at two sites in Toruń and Ciechocinek. Sand bars newly emerged from the river were selected for testing. The coarse quartz grains were separated for OSL measurements. The single-aliquot regenerative (SAR) technique was applied for measuring equivalent doses from multigrain aliquots. The obtained dose estimates were found to be very low, proving the reliability of OSL zeroing assumption. The dose rates were estimated by gamma-ray spectrometry, demonstrating homogeneity of the radiation field. These results related to fossil sediments of that type confirm their suitability for the OSL dating method

Anthropogenic degradation of dunes within a city: a disappearing feature of the cultural landscape of Toruń (Poland)

The article presents changes in the topography of the Toruń area due to the degradation of dunes by human activity, and a reconstruction of their earlier location and morphology. The reconstruction was made on the basis of historical maps and plans from the end of the eighteenth century, as well as contemporary cartographic materials and digital terrain models (DTM). Analysis of the sources showed that the main period of anthropogenic degradation of dunes in the city was the second half of the twentieth century. The balance of changes in the share of dunes within city limits is estimated to be a decrease of about 26.5% over the study period, and by around 60.2% in the part that is presently urbanised

A spatial model of forest area in the middle ages based on historical, archaeological and geographic data: Case study of 13th-century Chełmno Land (North-Central Poland)

The settlement established under German law in Chełmno Land in the 13th century, the resultant changes in the structure of agriculture and land cultivation techniques, and the growing demand on wood as timber, fuel and raw materials for crafts, all combined to contribute to the significant deforestation of the territory. The extent of this deforestation remains conjectural. The purpose in creating a model of forest area in 13th-century Chełmno Land was to attempt to reconstruct it and determine its size and, consequently, to verify hypotheses concerning the scale and the ultimate end of deforestation in the research area. The spatial model is based on published historical and archaeological data relating to selected components of the geographical environment that pertain to the forest area. A retrogressive method combined with Multi-Criterion Evaluation (MCE) was used to build a forest area model. The basic platform for collecting, analysing and visualising spatial data was the geographic information system (GIS). The presented estimates indicate that the forest area of Chełmno Land in the 13th century was larger than had previously been assumed, at about 20–25% of the entire territory

Reconstruction of selected paleoenvironmental components of medieval Toruń, Poland, and its close suburbs

<p>This article presents maps of reconstructions of selected primary (i.e. prior to the thirteenth-century founding of the town) abiotic components of the natural environment of medieval Toruń (northern Poland, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship) and its close suburbs. The reconstructions were carried out on the basis of topographical, geological and historical data. Despite their many limitations, the procedures employed represent the first attempt at a quantitative reconstruction of the primary relief, surface geology and hydrology of the analysed area. The result of the reconstruction presented on the maps could be used as the basis for both a reconstruction of biotic components of the natural environment and verification of hypotheses regarding the conditions of the founding and spatial development of the town.</p

An attempt to reconstruct selected elements the original site topography of the Teutonic castles at Unisław and Starogród (Chełmno Land, Northern Poland) based on archaeological and cartographic data

The article presents an attempt to reconstruct the original site topographies of 13th-century Teutonic castles at Unisław and Starogród, which have not been preserved in the surface terrain. Both castles are situated in the west of Chełmno Land on the edge of a moraine plateau 30 to 50 metres above the floor of the Vistula valley. The reconstruction used a research approach known as Historical GIS (HGIS), which, besides archaeological data, employs digitised historical cartographic sources. The research showed that changes in the original site topography are associated with anthropogenic transformations in the plateau surface, mainly due to agricultural use, and retreat of the plateau edge resulting from natural and man-made landslide processes. The authors believe that the reconstruction of the castles’ original site topographies could be used to verify detailed hypotheses related to the conditions of their construction and operation