Problemática de la taxonomía del género cannabis

Se considera el cáñamo como una de las plantas más extendidas, sin embargo existe hoy un consenso entre los botánicos que están de acuerdo con una sola especie Cannabis sativa L. Hay que reconocer qué variedades de otros epititos específicos están todavía usadas por algunos autores, especialmente C. ruderalis Janisch. y C. indica Lam.Hemp is considered as one of the widespread plants. Although a consensus of botanists today agree that only one species, Cannabis sativa L. It should be reconized, that a variety of other specific epithets, specially C. ruderalis Janisch. and C. indica Lam., are still used by sorne authors

The evolution of Lithium: Implications of a universal Spite plateau

The cosmological 7Li problem consists in explaining why the primordial Li abundance, as predicted by the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis theory with constraints from WMAP and Planck, is a factor of 3 larger than the Li abundance measured in the stars of the Spite plateau defined by old, warm dwarf stars of the Milky Way halo. Several explanations have been proposed to explain this difference, including various Li depletion processes as well as non-standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis, but the main question remains unanswered. In this paper, we present detailed chemical evolution models for dwarf spheroidal and ultra faint galaxies, compute the galactic evolution of 7Li abundance in these objects, and compare it with observations of similar objects. In our models, Li is mainly produced by novae and cosmic rays, and to a minor extent, by low and intermediate mass stars. We adopt the yield combination that best fits the Li abundances in the Milky Way stars. It is evident that the observations of dwarf objects define a Spite plateau, identical to that observed in the Milky Way, thus suggesting that the Spite plateau could be a universal feature and its meaning should be discussed. The predictions of our models for dwarf galaxies are obtained by assuming as Li primordial abundance either the one detected in the atmospheres of the oldest halo stars (Spite plateau; A(Li) ~ 2.2 dex), or the one from cosmological observations (WMAP; A(Li) ~ 2.66 dex). Finally, we discuss the implications of the universality of the Spite plateau results

Validation positive behaviors questionnaire in educative dance

El objetivo de la presente investigación era adaptar y validar al contexto de la danza educativa, el Cuestionario de Comportamientos Positivos en Educación Física. La muestra estuvo formada por 921 alumnos, de sexo femenino (n = 421) y masculino (n = 500), con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 17 años, pertenecientes a cuatro escuelas en México. Esta investigación estaba organizada por ConArte (Consorcio Internacional de Arte y Escuela). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el instrumento presentaba una adecuada validez factorial y consistencia interna. Asimismo, el instrumento se mostró invariante en cuanto al género y la edad de los participantes. De esta manera, este trabajo aporta evidencias científicas de que el cuestionario de comportamientos positivos en la danza educativa se muestra válido y fiable para analizar dichos comportamientos durante este tipo de clasesThe aim of the current research was to validate into the educative dance in Mexican secondary school, the questionnaire of positive behaviors in physical education. The sample was formed by 921 students, both female (n = 421) and male (n = 500) participants, ranging in age from 11 to 17 years old, belonged to four schools from Mexico. This research was organized by ConArte (International Consortium of Art and School). The results showed that the instrument had an adequate factorial validity and internal consistency. Furthermore, the instrument was invariant regarding individuals´ gender and age. Thus, this work gives empiric evidences that the questionnaire of positive behaviors in educative dance is valid and reliable to assess these behavior

El orden Lygeo Spartii-Stipelia Tenacissimae en el sector malacitano-Almijarense de Sierra Nevada (Granada, España)

A study of the order Lygeo-Stipetalia in the Malacitano-Almijarense sector of the Sierra Nevada is realized. Seven new syntaxa as proposed: PhlomidiBrachypodietum ramosi thymetosum baetici subass. nov., Helictotricho sarracenori (velutini)-Brachypodietum boissieri ass. nov., Thymo gracile-Stipetum tenacissimae ass. nov. and helianthemetosum squamati subass. nov., Helictotricho filifolii-Festucetum scariosae brachypodietosum boissieri subass. nov. ,festucetosum elegantis subass. nov. and festucetosum indigestae subass. nov.Se realiza un estudio fitosociológico del orden Lygeo-Stipetalia en el sector Malacitano-Almijarense de Sierra Nevada. Se proponen por vez primera los siguientes sintaxones: Phlomidi-Brachypodietum ramosi thymetosum baetici subass. nov., Helictotricho sarracenori (velutini)-Brachypodietum boissieri ass. nov., Thymo gracile-Stipetum tenacissimae ass. nov. y helianthemetosum squamati subass. nov., Helictotricho filifolii-Festucetum scariosae brachypodietosum boissieri subass. nov., festucetosum elegantis subass. nov. y festucetosum indigestae subass. nov

Time-periodic Metallic Metamaterials defined by Floquet Circuits

In this paper, we study the scattering and diffraction phenomena in time-modulated metamaterials of metallic nature by means of Floquet equivalent circuits. Concretely, we focus on a time-periodic screen that alternates between "metal" and "air" states. We generalize our previous approaches by introducing the concepts of "macroperiod" and "duty cycle" to the time modulation. This allows to analyze time-periodic metallic metamaterials whose modulation ratios are, in general, rational numbers. Furthermore, with the introduction of the duty cycle, perfect temporal symmetry is broken within the time modulation as the time screen could remain a different amount of time in metal and air states. Previous statements lead to an enrichment of the diffraction phenomenon and to new degrees of freedom that can be exploited in engineering to control the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves. Finally, we present some analytical results that are validated with a self-implemented finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach. Results show that the scattering level and diffraction angles can be controlled independently by means of the duty cycle and the modulation ratio, respectively. Thus, novel time-based pulsed sources and beamformers can be efficiently designe

Diffraction Phenomena in Time-Varying Metal-Based Metasurfaces

This paper presents an analytical framework for the analysis of time-varying metal-based metamaterials. Specifically, we particularize the study to time-modulated metal-air interfaces embedded between two different semi-infinite media that are illuminated by monochromatic plane waves of frequency ω0. The formulation is based on a Floquet-Bloch modal expansion, which takes into account the time periodicity of the structure (Ts = 2π/ωs) and integral-equation techniques. It allows us to extract the reflection and transmission coefficients as well as to derive nontrivial features about the dynamic response and dispersion curves of time-modulated metal-based screens. In addition, the proposed formulation has an associated analytical equivalent circuit that gives a physical insight into the diffraction phenomenon. Similarities and differences between space- and time-modulated metamaterials are discussed via the proposed circuit model. Finally, some analytical results are presented to validate the present framework. Good agreement is observed with numerical computations provided by a self-implemented finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Interestingly, the present results suggest that time-modulated metal-based screens can be used as pulsed sources (when ωs ω0), beam formers (ωs ∼ ω0) to redirect energy in specific regions of space, and analog samplers (ωs ω0).Spanish Government ID2020-112545RB-C54 RTI2018-102002-A-I00Junta de Andalucia B-TIC-402-UGR18 A-TIC-608- UGR20 PYC20-RE-012-UGR P18.RT.4830Leonardo Grant of the BBVA FoundationBBVA Foundatio

Analytical Equivalent Circuits for Three-dimensional Metamaterials and Metagratings

In recent times, three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials have undergone a revolution driven mainly by the popularization of 3D-printing techniques, which has enabled the implementation of modern microwave and photonic devices with advanced functionalities. However, the analysis of 3D metamaterials is complex and computationally costly in comparison to their 1D and 2D counterparts due to the intricate geometries involved. In this paper, we present a fully-analytical framework based on Floquet-Bloch modal expansions of the electromagnetic fields and integral-equation methods for the analysis of 3D metamaterials and metagratings. Concretely, we focus on 3D configurations formed by periodic arrangements of rectangular waveguides with longitudinal slot insertions. The analytical framework is computationally efficient compared to full-wave solutions and also works under oblique incidence conditions. Furthermore, it comes associated with an equivalent circuit that allows to gain physical insight into the scattering and diffraction phenomena. The analytical equivalent circuit is tested against full-wave simulations in commercial software CST. Simulation results show that the proposed 3D structures provide independent polarization control of the two orthogonal polarizations states. This key property is of potential interest for the production of full-metal polarizers, such as the one illustrated

Total safety by design: Increased safety and operability of supply chain of inland terminals for containers with dangerous goods

[EN] In recent years, there has been a considerable increase in the international transport of containers with dangerous goods, increasing the risk of seaports and surrounding cities together with the introduction of inherent environmental and security disaster risks. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in seaports that are more socially inclusive, addressing the storage of containers of hazardous goods to safe inland terminals. An appropriate design of inland terminals for containers with dangerous goods (ITDGs) may contribute to the achievement of a sustainable development and the minimization of risks, avoiding disasters such as Tianjin. The objective of this study was the analysis of the criteria used for the design of safe, secure, cost efficient and greener ITDGs by applying the multicriteria decision theory AHP (analytic hierarchy process). Criteria regarding safety and security, environmental care, productivity and information and communication technologies (ICT) have been considered simultaneously into a total performance management system. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Public funding entity: Generalitat Valenciana.Molero Prieto, GD.; Santarremigia Rosaleny, FE.; Aragonés-Beltrán, P.; Pastor-Ferrando, J. (2017). Total safety by design: Increased safety and operability of supply chain of inland terminals for containers with dangerous goods. Safety Science. 100(B):168-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.10.007S168182100

Developing documents for practical sessions in Zoology

La implantación del sistema unificado de créditos (E.C.T.S.) implica nuevos planteamientos por parte del profesorado al elaborar la programación teórico-práctica de las diferentes asignaturas. Con la elaboración de los protocolos prácticos de zoología pretendemos alcanzar los objetivos siguientes: 1. Proveer a los alumnos de material didáctico básico y complementario a la información impartida en las sesiones prácticas. 2. Proporcionar una perspectiva amplia de diferentes aspectos prácticos de la zoología. 3. Familiarizar a los alumnos con las fuentes (complementarias) de información y los procedimientos de acceso a diferentes tipos de material biológico. 4. Favorecer el trabajo personal y de grupo, enfatizando diferentes aspectos biológicos necesarios para la asimilación de los contenidos prácticos de la asignatura. 5. Facilitar la preparación de las pruebas prácticas que los alumnos han de realizar. En el curso académico 2003/2004 nos fue concedido un primer proyecto docente que nos permitió preparar contenidos correspondientes a la práctica “Introducción a las técnicas de campo y de laboratorio en Zoología”. A partir de esta primera experiencia hemos desarrollado varios proyectos docentes que nos han permitido preparar materiales y contenidos prácticos de los principales taxones de animales invertebrados: Poríferos y Cnidarios. Platelmintos, Nematodos y Anélidos. Artrópodos. Moluscos. Equinodermos. La preparación de estos contenidos nos ha obligado a realizar desplazamientos así como a solicitar colaboraciones de diversas instituciones, por ejemplo, al Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid. Los protocolos están diseñados de forma que fomentan la labor individual y auto-formativa del alumnado, así como el estudio en grupo. Todo está encaminado hacia una completa preparación y correcta adecuación al nuevo sistema educativo. Las presentaciones multimedia están a disposición del alumnado gracias a las posibilidades que ofrece la web de la Universidad de Córdoba.The implementation of the unified credit system (ECTS) involves new approaches by teachers in the development of both theoretical and practical curricula of different subjects. With the development of practical zoology documents we aim to achieve the following objectives: 1. To provide the students with basic educational materials, and complementary information to the practical sessions. 2. To provide a broad overview of different practical aspects of zoology. 3. To familiarize students with additional sources of information and procedures for access to different types of biological material. 4. To encourage personal and group work, emphasizing different biological aspects, which are necessary for the understanding of the practical contents of the subjects. 5. To assist in the preparation of exams that students must perform. In the academic course 2003/2004 we were awarded with a first educational project that allowed us to prepare content for the practice "Introduction to field and lab techniques in Zoology". From this first experience we have developed several educational projects that have allowed us to prepare materials and practical content of the main taxa of invertebrates: Sponges and Cnidarians. Flatworms, Nematodes and Annelids. Arthropods. Molluscs. Echinoderms. The preparation of these materials has lead us to make trips and to request contributions from various institutions, for example, the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid. The protocols are designed in ways that encourage individual work and selftraining of students, and study groups. Everything is aimed to the complete preparation and fair adaptation to the new educational system. Multimedia presentations are available to students thanks to the possibilities offered by the website of the University of Cordoba