Resíduos de EBDCs e culturas com geração fitogênica de CS2.

A análise de resíduos etilenobis(ditiocarbamatos) (EBDCs) é realizada de maneira indireta, pela dosagem de CS2. Desse modo, plantas que geram fitogenicamente CS2, como as Caricaceas, podem fornecer resultados falso positivos. Todos os métodos de análise de resíduos de EBDCs são uma variação do método de Keppel (1969; 1971), que dosa o CS2 colorimetricamente. O CS2 também pode ser analisado por cromatografia gasosa, utilizando-se a técnica de análise por headspace, ou pela modificação desse método com a dissolução do CS2 em uma camada de solvente orgânico (iso-octano). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em amostras testemunha de mamão o nível de CS2 endógeno por três métodos distintos de análise de resíduos de EBDCs: iso-octano, headspace e espectrofotométrico. As concentrações de CS2 foram comparadas com o limite máximo de resíduos adotado pela União Européia (0,05 mg kg-1)

Tolerância para resíduos de EBDCs em culturas com geração fitogênica de CS2.

Neste trabalho foram utilizados três métodos para análise de ditiocarbamatos em amostras testemunha de mamão das variedades Golden, Sunrise solo e Tainung. Os mamões foram cultivados em áreas experimentais sem utilização, durante todo o ciclo da cultura, de agrotóxicos ou fertilizantes sulfurados. O CS2 foi quantificado por espectrofotometria e por cromatografia gasosa utilizando detector fotométrico de chama no modo enxofre, tanto no método por headspace quanto por partição em iso-octano. Todos os métodos forneceram resultados positivos de CS2 no mamão, independentemente da variedade avaliada. As concentrações de CS2 observadas foram comparadas com o limite máximo de resíduos de etilenobis(ditiocarbamatos)(EBDCs), estabelecido na Comunidade Européia em 0,05mg kg-1. A probabilidade de ser encontrada uma amostra de mamão com concentração de CS2 igual ou acima de 0,05 mg kg-1 foi de 12 % pelo método de iso-octano, 55% pelo método de headspace e 94 % pelo método espectrofotométrico. Desse modo, os resíduos de EBDCs quantificados como CS2, devem ser cuidadosamente interpretados em culturas com geração fitogênica de CS2, pois a presença deste não confirma a utilização de fungicidas EBDCs

The relationships between faecal egg counts and gut microbial composition in UK Thoroughbreds infected by cyathostomins

A growing body of evidence, particularly in humans and rodents, supports the existence of a complex network of interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites and the gut commensal bacteria, with substantial effects on both host immunity and metabolic potential. However, little is known of the fundamental biology of such interactions in other animal species. Nonetheless, given the considerable economic losses associated with GI parasites, particularly in livestock and equines, as well as the global threat of emerging anthelmintic resistance, further explorations of the complexities of host-helminth-microbiota interactions in these species are needed. This study characterises the composition of the equine bacterial commensal flora associated with the presence, in faecal samples, of low (Clow) - and high (Chigh) numbers of eggs of an important group of equine GI parasites (i.e. the cyathostomins), prior to and following anthelmintic treatment. High-throughput sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA amplicons and associated bioinformatics and statistical analyses of sequence data revealed strong clustering according to faecal egg counts (P = 0.003). A trend towards increased populations of Methanomicrobia (class) and Dehalobacterium (genus) was observed in Clow in comparison with Chigh. Anthelmintic treatment in Chigh was associated with a significant reduction of the bacterial phylum TM7 14 days post-ivermectin administration, as well as a transient expansion of Adlercreuzia spp. at 2 days post-treatment. This study provides a first known insight into the discovery of the intimate mechanisms governing host-parasite-microbiota interactions in equids, and sets a basis for the development of novel, biology-based intervention strategies against equine GI helminths based on manipulation of the commensal gut flora

Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Darunavir/Cobicistat in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Findings From the Multicenter Italian CORIST Study

Background: Protease inhibitors have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To describe the association between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) use and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Multicenter observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted in 33 Italian hospitals. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients were retrospectively divided in three groups, according to use of LPV/r, DRV/c or none of them. Primary outcome in a time-to event analysis was death. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting by multinomial propensity scores. Results: Out of 3,451 patients, 33.3% LPV/r and 13.9% received DRV/c. Patients receiving LPV/r or DRV/c were more likely younger, men, had higher C-reactive protein levels while less likely had hypertension, cardiovascular, pulmonary or kidney disease. After adjustment for propensity scores, LPV/r use was not associated with mortality (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.13), whereas treatment with DRV/c was associated with a higher death risk (HR = 1.89, 1.53 to 2.34, E-value = 2.43). This increased risk was more marked in women, in elderly, in patients with higher severity of COVID-19 and in patients receiving other COVID-19 drugs. Conclusions: In a large cohort of Italian patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a real-life setting, the use of LPV/r treatment did not change death rate, while DRV/c was associated with increased mortality. Within the limits of an observational study, these data do not support the use of LPV/r or DRV/c in COVID-19 patients

The lung-protective effect of prior mRNA vaccination on breakthrough COVID-19 patients receiving high flow nasal oxygen for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure

The lung-protective effect of prior mRNA vaccination on breakthrough COVID-19 patients receiving high flow nasal oxygen for hypoxemic acute respiratory failur

Effects of exercise and metformin on the prevention of glucose intolerance: a comparative study

We aimed to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training (4 days) and metformin exposure on acute glucose intolerance after dexamethasone treatment in rats. Forty-two adult male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided randomly into four groups: sedentary control (SCT), sedentary dexamethasone-treated (SDX), training dexamethasone-treated (DPE), and dexamethasone and metformin treated group (DMT). Glucose tolerance tests and in situ liver perfusion were undertaken on fasting rats to obtain glucose profiles. The DPE group displayed a significant decrease in glucose values compared with the SDX group. Average glucose levels in the DPE group did not differ from those of the DMT group, so we suggest that exercise training corrects dexamethasone-induced glucose intolerance and improves glucose profiles in a similar manner to that observed with metformin. These data suggest that exercise may prevent the development of glucose intolerance induced by dexamethasone in rats to a similar magnitude to that observed after metformin treatment