69 research outputs found

    Gluten proteolysis as alternative therapy for celiac patients: A mini-review

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    Celiac disease (CD) results from damage to the small intestinal mucosa due to an inappropriate immune response to a cereal protein (wheat, rye, barley). The only treatment for CD is life-long avoidance of gluten proteins. Gluten-free products are not widely available and usually more expensive. That is why; there is an urgent need to develop an alternative therapy. Enzymatic degradation of gluten among other approaches, abolishing its immunogenic and toxigenic activities, is an attractive alternative strategy for oral therapy in CD. Several proteases following different approaches were studied. This review focuses on enzymes (microbial or vegetal) designed to digest gluten. Also, recent biotechnological procedures that use microorganisms (cell factories for enzymes) as starter culture to eliminate gluten are reviewed in this manuscript. Keywords: Celiac disease, gluten, proteolytic activity, lactic acid bacteria, therapyAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(29), pp. 7323-7330, 10 April, 201

    Effect of Oxygen and Redox Potential on Glucose Fermentation in Thermotoga maritima under Controlled Physicochemical Conditions

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    Batch cultures of Thermotoga maritima were performed in a bioreactor equipped with instruments adapted for experiments performed at 80°C to mimic the fluctuating oxidative conditions in the hot ecosystems it inhabits. When grown anaerobically on glucose, T. maritima was shown to significantly decrease the redox potential (Eh) of the culture medium down to about −480 mV, as long as glucose was available. Addition of oxygen into T. maritima cultures during the stationary growth phase led to a drastic reduction in glucose consumption rate. However, although oxygen was toxic, our experiment unambiguously proved that T. maritima was able to consume it during a 12-hour exposure period. Furthermore, a shift in glucose metabolism towards lactate production was observed under oxidative conditions

    OPTIMISATION DE L’HYDRODYNAMIQUE D’UN PHOTOBIOREACTEUR TUBULAIRE DE TYPE AIRLIFT FAVORISANT LA FORMATION DE BIOFLOCS

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    L'augmentation de la population mondiale et de l'urbanisation qui sont Ă  l'origine du changement climatique ont poussĂ© les gouvernements Ă  imposer des politiques pour rĂ©duire les Ă©missions des gaz Ă  effet de serre (GES). Par ailleurs les procĂ©dĂ©s de traitement biologique des eaux usĂ©es sont pĂ©nalisĂ©s Ă©nergĂ©tiquement et ils ne sont pas durables par leur consommation d’oxygĂšne, les nuisances causĂ©es par les boues et les odeurs et par l’émission des gaz Ă  effet de serre particuliĂšrement le CO2. L'utilisation des microalgues pour traiter les eaux usĂ©es fait l'objet d'une attention croissante dans le monde car elle est considĂ©rĂ©e comme un nouveau moyen de traitement des eaux usĂ©es. En particulier, l'intĂ©gration de microalgues dans le cadre de procĂ©dĂ©s d’épuration multitrophiques permet d’envisager des solutions de traitement des eaux sans apport d'O2 et sans rejet de CO2. Il est communĂ©ment admis que la culture Ă  grande Ă©chelle et l'application commerciale des microalgues sont limitĂ©es par le dĂ©veloppement du photobiorĂ©acteur (PBR). Bien qu'il existe des nombreux types de PBR pour la culture pure de microalgues dans des milieux de culture dĂ©finis, un nouveau design de PBR doit ĂȘtre envisagĂ© dans le cas de cultures multitrophiques utilisĂ©es pour l’épuration des eaux. Un PBR tubulaire avec airlift a donc Ă©tĂ© conçu. Un pilote a Ă©tĂ© construit pour Ă©tudier les aspects hydrodynamiques et le transfert de matiĂšre, dans le but d’optimiser le traitement des eaux usĂ©es Afin de minimiser la formation de biofilm sur la paroi et limiter la diffusion de la lumiĂšre, un Ă©coulement avec des flocs des microalgues est gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©. Le PBR d’étude conçue a servi de base aux Ă©tudes de transferts hydrodynamiques et biologiques. Les Ă©tudes hydrodynamiques (traçage conductimĂ©trique) ont donnĂ© accĂšs aux vitesses d’écoulement, le temps de circulation et le temps de mĂ©lange. DiffĂ©rents dĂ©bits de gaz et diffĂ©rents types et positions de l’injecteurs de gaz ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s. En complĂ©ment, les performances de transfert de matiĂšre gaz-liquide du rĂ©acteur ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es, afin de confirmer la possibilitĂ© de transfĂ©rer efficacement l’oxygĂšne produit photosynthĂ©tiquement Sur base des informations expĂ©rimentales collectĂ©es, le design de PBR et les conditions opĂ©ratoires optimales pour une culture active de microalgues ont Ă©tĂ© optimisĂ©s. Les facteurs pris en compte sont le temps de sĂ©jour hydraulique, le transfert de matiĂšre gaz-liquide et le temps de mĂ©lange. L’objectif est d’assurer une distribution adĂ©quate (uniforme et dans la gamme optimale) des concentrations en nutriments, en gaz O2 et CO2, ainsi que de la lumiĂšre, dans l’ensemble du rĂ©acteur.TRAITEMENT DES EAUX USEES SANS APPORT D’O2 ET SANS DEGAGEMENT DE CO2 ET DEVELOPPEMENT D’UN PHOTOBIOREACTEUR INNOVANT3. Good health and well-bein

    Nouvelle conception d'un procede de depollution biologique des margines, effluents liquides de l'extraction de l'huile d'olive

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    SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 78951 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

    Microbiological, Biochemical, and Functional Aspects of Fermented Vegetable and Fruit Beverages

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    In recent years, the request for the functional beverages that promote health and wellness has increased. In fact, fermented juices are an excellent delivering means for bioactive components. Their production is of crucial importance to supply probiotics, in particular, for people with particulars needs like dairy-product allergic consumers and vegetarians. This review focuses on recent findings regarding the microbial composition and the health benefits of fermented fruit and vegetable beverages by lactic acid bacteria, kefir grains, and SCOBY as well as discussing the metabolites resulting from these fermentations process. Moreover, limits that could restrain their production at the industrial level and solutions that have been proposed to overcome these constraints are also reviewed

    Exploration du genre Pycnoporus pour la production d'une nouvelle tyrosinase (de l'expression du gĂšne aux applications biotechnologiques)

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    Ce travail a eu pour objectif l'exploration des potentialitĂ©s du genre Pycnoporus Ă  synthĂ©tiser une nouvelle tyrosinase d'intĂ©rĂȘt biotechnologique dans le domaine agro-alimentaire. Une nouvelle tyrosinase a Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©e, purifiĂ©e et caractĂ©risĂ©e Ă  partir de la souche P. sanguineus BRFM49. Cette enzyme s'est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e d'un grand intĂ©rĂȘt pour la synthĂšse de molĂ©cules Ă  haute valeur ajoutĂ©e comme des anti-oxydants ou des polymĂšres de nouvelle gĂ©nĂ©ration. Deux voies complĂ©mentaires ont Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©es afin d'amĂ©liorer le niveau de production de la tyrosinase. La premiĂšre, qui a consistĂ© Ă  sĂ©lectionner, par gĂ©nĂ©tique classique, des lignĂ©es monocaryotiques gĂ©nĂ©tiquement stables, n'a pas permis d'amĂ©liorer, de façon significative, l'activitĂ© tyrosinase chez P. sanguineus BRFM49. La seconde a consistĂ© Ă  rĂ©aliser la production de la tyrosinase dans un systĂšme d'expression hĂ©tĂ©rologue. Pour cela, le gĂšne de la tyrosinase (2204 pb) et l'ADNc correspondant (1857 pb) ont Ă©tĂ© clonĂ©s et caractĂ©risĂ©s. La production hĂ©tĂ©rologue de la tyrosinase de P. sanguineus a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez un champignon hyper-producteur de protĂ©ines, Aspergillus niger. Pour cela, l'ADNc correspondant a Ă©tĂ© fusionnĂ© Ă  la sĂ©quence d'adressage de la glucoamylase d'A. niger et placĂ© sous le contrĂŽle d'un promoteur constitutif fort. Cette construction a permis de sĂ©crĂ©ter la protĂ©ine active dans le milieu extracellulaire. La souche A. niger D15#26-e, prĂ©sentant le meilleur niveau de production (50 mg/L), a Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©e pour purifier et caractĂ©riser la tyrosinase recombinante et comparer celle-ci Ă  l'enzyme native. Cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© que l'enzyme recombinante est aussi efficace que la tyrosinase native pour la rĂ©ticulation de protĂ©ines modĂšlesAIX-MARSEILLE1-BU Sci.St Charles (130552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Bioreactor Scale-Up and Kinetic Modeling of Lactic Acid and Biomass Production by Enterococcus faecalis SLT13 during Batch Culture on Hydrolyzed Cheese Whey

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    Kinetic modeling of biomass and lactic acid production by Enterococcus faecalis SLT13 have been developed during batch culture in M17 and Hydrolyzed Cheese Whey (HCW) in 2 L and 20 L bioreactors. The specific growth rate ÎŒmax was higher in 20 L bioreactor (1.09 h−1); however, the maximum specific lactic acid production rate qpmax and maximum specific sugar utilization rate qsmax were higher in 2 L bioreactor. Biomass and sugar utilization were affected by lactic acid inhibition in HCW. No effects of substrate inhibition have been observed. Substrate limitation of biomass has been observed on HCW in 20 L bioreactor; the substrate limitation constant for biomass Ksx was 4.229 g/L. Substrate limitation of sugar consumption has been observed on M17 in 2 L bioreactor; the substrate limitation constant for sugar consumption Kss was 2.73 g/L. Compared to experimental data, the model provided good predictions for biomass, sugar consumption, and lactic acid production

    A new predictive dynamic model describing the effect of the ambient temperature and the convective heat transfer coefficient on bacterial growth

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    International audienceIn this study, predictive microbiology and food engineering were combined in order to develop a new analytical model predicting the bacterial growth under dynamic temperature conditions. The proposed model associates a simplified primary bacterial growth model without lag, the secondary Ratkowsky "square root" model and a simplified two-parameter heat transfer model regarding an infinite slab. The model takes into consideration the product thickness, its thermal properties, the ambient air temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient and the growth parameters of the micro organism of concern. For the validation of the overall model, five different combinations of ambient air temperature (ranging from 8 °C to 12 °C), product thickness (ranging from 1 cm to 6 cm) and convective heat transfer coefficient (ranging from 8 W/ (m2 K) to 60 W/(m2 K)) were tested during a cooling procedure. Moreover, three different ambient air temperature scenarios assuming alternated cooling and heating stages, drawn from real refrigerated food processes, were tested. General agreement between predicted and observed bacterial growth was obtained and less than 5% of the experimental data fell outside the 95% confidence bands estimated by the bootstrap percentile method, at all the tested conditions. Accordingly, the overall model was successfully validated for isothermal and dynamic refrigeration cycles allowing for temperature dynamic changes at the centre and at the surface of the product. The major impact of the convective heat transfer coefficient and the product thickness on bacterial growth during the product cooling was demonstrated. For instance, the time needed for the same level of bacterial growth to be reached at the product's half thickness was estimated to be 5 and 16.5 h at low and high convection level, respectively. Moreover, simulation results demonstrated that the predicted bacterial growth at the air ambient temperature cannot be assumed to be equivalent to the bacterial growth occurring at the product's surface or centre when convection heat transfer is taken into account. Our results indicate that combining food engineering and predictive microbiology models is an interesting approach providing very useful tools for food safety and process optimisation
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