95 research outputs found

    Forming of leadership qualities in students as a topical psychological and pedagogical problem

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    This report raises the issue of the significance of the formation of leadership skills in students of pedagogical University as an integral part of professional training of future teachers. Β© 2014 Taylor & Francis Group

    Profession-oriented pedagogic training for future teachers under conditions of network interaction with school

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    Β© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. Activation person’s creative potential on the background of deepening democratization of social interaction is the brightest trend of society development in XXI century that stipulates transformation of practically all spheres of living environment and, above all, the sphere of education. Traditional approaches to education on every its level based on the priority of educational information transferring/uptake processes absolutely do not meet requests of intensively developing socium coming to collision with real demands of general educational services’ consumers. One of the important problems of pedagogic education in Russia is being insufficient practical training of future teachers for professional activity. In this connection the present article is dedicated to the problem of renewal of content of pedagogical training of future teacher of basic general school in accordance with new requirements to labour activity defined as Professional pedagogic standard and also to professional actions reflected in Federal state standard of general education. In the article there are model of substantial renewal of pedagogical cycle’s disciplines, improvement of their practical aspect on the basis of network interaction between educational organizations of general and higher education (school-university partnership). Authors suggest the content of β€œDisciplines of professional training” module and also give general trajectory for student’s actions aimed at its uptake. The represented model will be approbating in the Elabuga University of the Federal University of Kazan during 2015

    Psychological-pedagogical follow-up of university students' civic consciousness formation

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    The author addresses the necessity of formation of civic consciousness of pedagogical university students in modern Russia. The author considers the particularities of the process of civic consciousness formation analyzed in the works of leading world specialists in the sphere of education. Relying upon the definition of civic consciousness as integrative personality feature the author identifies the components of this process. The contents, forms and methods of psychological-pedagogical follow up of students' civic consciousness formation are defined. Formation of students' civic consciousness is considered in class and out-of-class work, effective forms of this process are identified. Experimental study of students' civic consciousness formation is described. Β© IDOSI Publications, 2013

    Π“ΠΠ—ΠžΠ₯Π ΠžΠœΠΠ’ΠžΠ“Π ΠΠ€Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠžΠ• ΠžΠŸΠ Π•Π”Π•Π›Π•ΠΠ˜Π• ΠšΠžΠ›Π˜Π§Π•Π‘Π’Π’Π•ΠΠΠžΠ“Πž Π‘ΠžΠ‘Π’ΠΠ’Π ΠŸΠ˜Π©Π•Π’Π«Π₯ Π­ΠœΠ£Π›Π¬Π“ΠΠ’ΠžΠ ΠžΠ’ Π•471

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    Nutritional supplement E471 designates number of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acidsand applied in the food industry as an emulsifier-stabilizer additive. It is most often used by production of margarine, ice cream, mayonnaise, yogurts and other products with the high content of fat. The technique of gas chromatographic determination of the quantitative composition of food emulsifiers on the basis of monoglycerides (E471) was developed. The essence consists in transformation of components of sample into more flying silyl derivatives in the presence of pyridine and N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and the subsequent gas chromatographic determination with application of internal standards (propylene glycol and tricaprin). Theanalysis was carried out on a gas chromatograph Bruker 451 GC with a flame ionization detector, capillary column - BR-5ht (100 %-dimethylpolysiloxane). Identification of the reaction products was performed with application of a mass spectrometer Scion TQ and library of mass spectrums NIST11. Selected chromatographic conditions are characterized by a short duration of the instrument analysis (35 min) and the absence of overlapping peaks. The content of glycerin and a diglycerin, free fatty acids, mono-, di- and triglycerides in seven commercial samples is established.Keywords: emulsifier E471, monoglycerides of fatty acids, gas chromatography(Russian)DOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.004Β A.V. Zykov1, V.A. Krysanov2, N.Ya. Mokshina3Β 1Open joint stock company "Efirnoe", Alekseevka , Belgorod region, Russian FederationΒ 2FSEI HPE "Voronezh State University", Voronezh, Russian FederationΒ  3N. Zhukovskii and Yu. Gagarin Air Force Academy, Voronezh, Russian FederationΠŸΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° E471 ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ряд ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот ΠΈ примСняСтся Π² ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² качСствС Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΒ ΡΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°-стабилизатора. НаиболСС часто ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ производствС ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π³Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с высоким содСрТаниСм ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π°. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° газохроматографичСского опрСдСлСния количСствСнного состава ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π•471). Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² присутствии ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-N-(тримСтилсилил)Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ газохроматографичСском ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… стандартов (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½). Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ Bruker 451 GC с ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, капиллярная ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ°Β  – BR-5ht (100 %-димСтилполисилоксан). Π˜Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ осущСствляли с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ масс-спСктромСтра ScionTQ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ масс-спСктров NIST11. Π’Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ условия хроматографирования Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (35 ΠΌΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ отсутствиСм пСрСкрывания ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². УстановлСно содСрТаниС Π³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°, свободных ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎ-, Π΄ΠΈ- ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π² сСми коммСрчСских ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ….ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова: ΡΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π•471, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, газовая хроматографияDOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.00

    Determination of the quantitative composition of food emulsifier E471 by gas chromatography

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    ΠŸΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ° E471 ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ряд ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот ΠΈ примСняСтся Π² ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π² качСствС Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°-стабилизатора. НаиболСС часто ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ производствС ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Π³Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ², ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ€Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² с высоким содСрТаниСм ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π°. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° газохроматографичСского опрСдСлСния количСствСнного состава ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° основС ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π•471). Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² присутствии ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-N-(тримСтилсилил)Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ†Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ газохроматографичСском ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… стандартов (ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½). Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ Bruker 451 GC с ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, капиллярная ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ° - BR-5ht (100 %-димСтилполисилоксан). Π˜Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ осущСствляли с ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ масс-спСктромСтра ScionTQ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ масс-спСктров NIST11. Π’Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ условия хроматографирования Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° (35 ΠΌΠΈΠ½) ΠΈ отсутствиСм пСрСкрывания ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². УстановлСно содСрТаниС Π³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°, свободных ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎ-, Π΄ΠΈ- ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π² сСми коммСрчСских ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ….Nutritional supplement E471 designates number of monoglycerides and diglycerides of fatty acidsand applied in the food industry as an emulsifier-stabilizer additive. It is most often used by production of margarine, ice cream, mayonnaise, yogurts and other products with the high content of fat. The technique of gas chromatographic determination of the quantitative composition of food emulsifiers on the basis of monoglycerides (E471) was developed. The essence consists in transformation of components of sample into more flying silyl derivatives in the presence of pyridine and N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and the subsequent gas chromatographic determination with application of internal standards (propylene glycol and tricaprin). Theanalysis was carried out on a gas chromatograph Bruker 451 GC with a flame ionization detector, capillary column - BR-5ht (100 %-dimethylpolysiloxane). Identification of the reaction products was performed with application of a mass spectrometer Scion TQ and library of mass spectrums NIST11. Selected chromatographic conditions are characterized by a short duration of the instrument analysis (35 min) and the absence of overlapping peaks. The content of glycerin and a diglycerin, free fatty acids, mono-, di- and triglycerides in seven commercial samples is established

    Some tends and trends in modern english mass media discourse (based on tv food advertising projects)

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    The focus of the paper is on the markers characteristic of British and American TV projects aimed at advertising foo

    Problem-solving tasks in studying agrarian question of history of Kazakhstan

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    Β© 2017 Serials Publications.The relevance of the article is to show the problem method of training and a possibility of its application by means of introduction in process of training at lessons of history of Kazakhstan of problem and informative tasks is considered. The purpose, types and stages of work of this technology are defined. Concrete examples of tasks for pupils of 8 classes as the problem of agrarian crisis in the territory of Kazakhstan during his stay as a part of the Russian Empire is subject to consideration (the end of XIX - the beginning of the 20th centuries) are given that corresponds to program material of this age category. The importance of application of the methods aimed at independent search of knowledge and more expanded comprehension of knowledge of pupils reveals. The statΓ₯ stage of experiment where the initial level of knowledge of pupils reveals is shown in article and the importance of application of problem tasks at further stages of work is proved, questions for questioning at identification of initial knowledge of a subject, and also direct steps in work on drawing up and application of similar tasks are offered. Article Submissions are of practical value for children. having entered life, the child will be more protected from stresses. Problem training forms harmoniously developed creative person capable to think logically, find solutions in various problem situations, capable to systematize and accumulate knowledge, capable to high introspection, self-development itself also corrections. Continuous setting of problem situations leads to the loss of fear by a child to face problems, a child seeks ways to resolve them, and the creative personality, always capable to search is formed

    Aspen Tension Wood Fibers Contain Ξ²-(1β†’4)-Galactans and Acidic Arabinogalactans Retained by Cellulose Microfibrils in Gelatinous Walls

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    Contractile cell walls are found in various plant organs and tissues such as tendrils, contractile roots, and tension wood. The tension-generating mechanism is not known but is thought to involve special cell wall architecture. We previously postulated that tension could result from the entrapment of certain matrix polymers within cellulose microfibrils. As reported here, this hypothesis was corroborated by sequential extraction and analysis of cell wall polymers that are retained by cellulose microfibrils in tension wood and normal wood of hybrid aspen (Populus tremula Γ— Populus tremuloides). Ξ²-(1β†’4)-Galactan and type II arabinogalactan were the main large matrix polymers retained by cellulose microfibrils that were specifically found in tension wood. Xyloglucan was detected mostly in oligomeric form in the alkali-labile fraction and was enriched in tension wood. Ξ²-(1β†’4)-Galactan and rhamnogalacturonan I backbone epitopes were localized in the gelatinous cell wall layer. Type II arabinogalactans retained by cellulose microfibrils had a higher content of (methyl)glucuronic acid and galactose in tension wood than in normal wood. Thus, Ξ²-(1β†’4)-galactan and a specialized form of type II arabinogalactan are trapped by cellulose microfibrils specifically in tension wood and, thus, are the main candidate polymers for the generation of tensional stresses by the entrapment mechanism. We also found high Ξ²-galactosidase activity accompanying tension wood differentiation and propose a testable hypothesis that such activity might regulate galactan entrapment and, thus, mechanical properties of cell walls in tension wood.This work was supported by the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, the Swedish Research Council, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 15–04–02560 and 15–04–05721), and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant no. BB/G016240/1 and funds from the Sustainable Energy Centre Cell Wall Sugars Programme).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Society of Plant Biologists via http://dx.doi.org/10.​1104/​pp.​15.​0069
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