Rapid screening of diabetic polyneuropathy : Selection of accurate symptoms and signs in an outpatient clinical setting

Authors would like to thank Ms. Ameneh Ebrahim Valojerdi for her great help in preparation of this manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Study Guides : Effective Tools to Improve Self-Directed Learning Skills of Medical Students

We would like to thank the participants for contribution in this study.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Gestational diabetes mellitus: Major risk factors and pregnancy-related outcomes: A cohort study

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy endocrine problem that has several confirmed risk factors and is associated with adverse pregnancy-related outcomes (PRO). Objective: To evaluate the relationship between GDM diagnosis and the associated risk factors of PRO (maternal, intrapartum, perinatal, and neonatal) in accordance with International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed with 531 singleton parturient (265 GDM and 266 non-GDM). They were selected consecutively from referral hospitals, and the maternal, intrapartum, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes were assessed. Results: The major risk factors influencing the GDM diagnosis were maternal age, obesity, family history of diabetes, previous history of GDM, and previous history of macrosomia. In the comparison of PRO between the groups, significant associations were detected for emergency cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membrane, preterm delivery, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the GDM group. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a previous history of stillbirth was significantly associated with maternal and perinatal outcomes. The odds ratios (CI 95%) of the PRO in the women with a GDM diagnosis were: maternal = 2.43 (1.51-3.90), intrapartum = 2.05 (1.35- 3.11), perinatal = 2.00 (1.29-3.10), and neonatal = 1.68 (1.08-2.62). The PRO was significantly correlated with GDM diagnosis, but not with the risk factors. Conclusion: The adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly correlated with GDM diagnosis, and the outcomes were not directly affected by the risk factors. Given the related adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring, early screening and management of GDM is necessary especially in Asians and in low-/middle-income countries. Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy outcomes, Risk factors

Multi-component Reaction Synthesis of 1,6-diamino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles Using Ultrasonication and Dmap as Catalyst

4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine was found to be the homogenous and efficient catalyst for one-pot, multi-component reactions between hydrazine monohydrate, ethyl cyanoacetate, ketone, and malononitrile for the synthesis of 1,6-diamino-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives using ultrasonication at room temperature in ethanol solution within 35-50 min with yields of over 90%. This procedure offers various remarkable features such as short reaction times, clean reaction condition, excellent yields, and easy work-up methods

Three-component carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions for the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds using maleic acid-catalyzed one-pot mannich-type reaction in ethanol

Herein, we described a one-pot, three-component and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of β-amino ketones based on the reaction of acetophenones, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic amines using maleic acid as a green catalyst in ethanol as green solvent. The present methodology offers several advantages including good yields, mild reaction conditions and an inexpensive catalyst with a very easy work up. In addition, this method excludes the use of volatile organic solvents, tedious workup and column chromatographic purification of compounds, making the method greener, convenient and superior. All new compounds were well characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and physical data

Green Synthesis of Polysubstituted Quinolines and Xanthene Derivatives Promoted by Tartaric Acid as a Naturally Green Catalyst under Solvent-free Conditions

This method reported the use of tartaric acid as a green and highly efficient catalyst for the convenient synthesis of polysubstituted quinolines and xanthenes derivatives in excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The main advantages of this one-pot procedure are the green and economic availability of the catalyst, simple experimental and work-up procedures

An efficient solvent-free synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives utilizing lactic acid as green and eco-friendly catalyst

1368-1372An efficient, solvent-free and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil at 90°C catalyzed by lactic acid as an inexpensive, biological and eco-friendly compound is described. The remarkable benefits of this procedure are green and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, high yields, short reaction time, simple methodology and easy workup

An efficient solvent-free synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives utilizing lactic acid as green and eco-friendly catalyst

An efficient, solvent-free and one-pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives by condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil at 90°C catalyzed by lactic acid as an inexpensive, biological and eco-friendly compound is described. The remarkable benefits of this procedure are green and environmentally friendly reaction conditions, high yields, short reaction time, simple methodology and easy workup

miR-342-5p Expression Levels in Coronary Artery Disease Patients and its Association with Inflammatory Cytokines

Background: Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease and is the main underlying mechanism of coronary artery disease (CAD). Immune system cells and cytokines play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Several studies have shown the role of microRNA in the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis, and miR-342-5p has been shown to be involved in macrophage activation during atherosclerosis and cytokine secretion. But until now, there has been no data regarding the association of miR-342-5p with CAD and inflammatory cytokines. Methods: This case control study was conducted on 82 CAD patients and 80 controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) miR-342-5p expression and gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were evaluated using real time-PCR. Also, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were measured using ELISA kits. Results: The results demonstrated a higher expression of miR-342-5p in CAD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, logistic regression revealed an increased risk of CAD according to the expression of miR342-5p after adjusting for CAD risk factors (OR [CI] =6.1 [1.0 - 37.2], p = 0.048). Also, serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha showed higher levels in CAD patients (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, there were positive correlations of miR-342-5p with gene expressions and serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated higher levels of miR-342-5p in CAD patients and showed positive correlation with inflammatory cytokines. This result is in accordance with a previous study, and suggested a regulatory role for miR-342-5p in atherosclerosis and cytokine secretion, although more studies are required in this direction