An Application of Fuzzy Sets to the Blastability Index (BI) Used in Rock Engineering

Rock masses have inherently different resistance to fragmentation by blasting. This property is hereafter referred to as the blastability of a rock mass. Empirical models for the estimation of blastability have been developed. In this study, the Mamdani fuzzy algorithm was used to express the blastability index by fuzzy sets. We use Lilly and Ghose blastability models which are important models of blastability. Parameters of these models were represented by fuzzy sets as the input variables of the fuzzy model. The output of the fuzzy model is a final blastability index rating. Experimental data is obtained from seven mine and one dam sites in Iran. BI values are obtained from both BI fuzzy inference system and conventional BI; Fuzzy sets have more adjustment than conventional model

Support Vector Machines for the Estimation of Specific Charge in Tunnel Blasting

Mine tunnels, short transportation tunnels, and hydro-power plan underground spaces excavations are carried out based on Drilling and Blasting (D&B) method. Determination of specific charge in tunnel D&B, according to the involved parameters, is very significant to present an appropriate D&B design. Suitable explosive charge selection and distribution lead to reduced undesirable effects of D&B such as inappropriate pull rate, over-break, under-break, unauthorized ground vibration, air blast, and fly rock. So far, different models are presented to estimate specific charge in tunnel blasting. In this study, 332 data sets, including geomechanical characteristics, D&B, and specific charge are gathered from 33 tunnels. The data are related to three dams and hydropower plans in Iran (Gotvand, Masjed-Solayman, and Siah-Bishe). Specific charge is modeled in inclined hole cut drilling pattern. In this regard, Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm based on polynomial Kernel function is used as a tool for modeling. Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index, Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), tunnel cross-section area, maximum depth of blast hole, and blast hole coupling ratio are considered as independent input variables and the specific charge is considered as a dependent output variable. The modeling results confirm the acceptable performance of SVM in specific charge estimation with minimum error

Precision medicine and molecular imaging: new targeted approaches toward cancer therapeutic and diagnosis

Abstract: This paper presents a review of the importance and role of precision medicine and molecular imaging technologies in cancer diagnosis with therapeutics and diagnostics purposes. Precision medicine is progressively becoming a hot topic in all disciplines related to biomedical investigation and has the capacity to become the paradigm for clinical practice. The future of medicine lies in early diagnosis and individually appropriate treatments, a concept that has been named precision medicine, i.e. delivering the right treatment to the right patient at the right time. Molecular imaging is quickly being recognized as a tool with the potential to ameliorate every aspect of cancer treatment. On the other hand, emerging high-throughput technologies such as omics techniques and systems approaches have generated a paradigm shift for biological systems in advanced life science research. In this review, we describe the precision medicine, difference between precision medicine and personalized medicine, precision medicine initiative, systems biology/medicine approaches (such as genomics, radiogenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), P4 medicine, relationship between systems biology/medicine approaches and precision medicine, and molecular imaging modalities and their utility in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Accordingly, the precision medicine and molecular imaging will enable us to accelerate and improve cancer management in future medicine

Investigation of the effects of the essence and extract of Allium jesdianum on the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes

Recent studies on the analgesic effects of Allium jesdianum herb across different types of pain including formalin test biphasic pain, have suggested the probability of effectiveness of the extract of this herb on cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX). In this study we investigated the effects of the essence and extract of A. jesdianum on COX-1 and COX-2 in human fresh blood. For this experimental study, A. jesdianum collected from Sefidkouh region in Khorramabad of Iran. Extract and essence (the leaves of the plant) were prepared at various concentrations 0.5-6 mg/ml and 0-100 mg/ml respectively. The percentage of activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme was measured by percentage of production of TXB2 and PGE2. Solvents Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) were used as control for comparing with extract or essence effects. Also indomethacin was used as a positive control. The extract (59 +/- 8.2; P0.05). Further, all doses of A. jesdianum essence inhibited the platelet aggregation (P<0.05). It can be stated that the essence and extract of A. jesdianum herb had inhibitory effects on COX-1 enzyme, where the extract was also able to inhibit platelet aggregation

Assessing the system vibration of circular sawing machine in carbonate rock sawing process using experimental study and machine learning

Predicting the vibration of the circular sawing machine is very important in examining the performance of the sawing process, as it shows the amount of energy consumption of the circular sawing machine. Also, this factor is directly related to maintenance cost, such that with a small increase in the level of vibration, the maintenance cost increases to a large extent. This paper presents new prediction models to assess the vibration of circular sawing machine. An evaluation model based on the imperialist competitive algorithm as one of the most efficient artificial intelligence techniques was used for estimation of sawability of the dimension stone in carbonate rocks. For this purpose, four main physical and mechanical properties of rock including Schimazek's F-abrasivity, uniaxial compressive strength, mean Mohs hardness, and Young's modulus as well as two operational parameters of circular sawing machine including depth of cut and feed rate, were investigated and measured. In the predicted model, the system vibration in stone sawing was considered as a dependent variable. The results showed that the system vibration can be investigated using the newly developed machine learning models. It is very suitable to assess the system vibration based on the mechanical properties of rock and operational properties

Social and social issues of immigrants' delinquency towards the legal system and immigrant society

In the issue of immigrants, the existing laws are mainly influenced by public opinion, political discussions, monitoring and security feedback regarding the arrangement of the responsible institutions. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical view, the approach of the legal system in the social prevention of immigrants' delinquency is discussed with reference to international and domestic laws, the principles of prevention and the attitude of the host society, and in the policy discourse in the country, considering the existing challenges, this result It can be said that the current laws are mainly security-oriented, discriminatory and ignoring a large number of immigrants who live in the country illegally, and unfortunately, the reflection of public opinion is also in the continuation of such an attitude. While in this area, the establishment of strategic laws and It is necessary to draw a far-reaching policy from the human dimension and human rights and an in-depth, non-discrimination and threat-oriented approach in organizing the affairs of immigrants, both legal and illegal, in the social sphere, with a differentiated, coherent and codified policy in order to attach the issues Incident and new, taking into account the alien component, but being human, both in the legislation and in the use of preventive tools, with the coordination of related institutions and organizations, to enlighten the minds of the society, to prevent the decision making, and to protect the country's security, to succeed in reducing and eradicating the delinquency of immigrants in P Achieved social recognition

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology of Metallo-β-Lactamase Producing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated From Burn Patients.

BACKGROUND: Failure in the treatment of burn patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa could happen as a result of the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, including carbapenems. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, isolated from burn patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 12 month period, in this cross-sectional study, two hundred seventy strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the burn patients in Ghotbeddin Burn Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Screening for the carbapenem resistance in the isolates was carried out by the E test method. Sensitivity patterns of metallo-β-lactamase (MβLs) producing strains of pseudomonas to eleven antibiotics were determined by the mentioned method. The epidemiological associations of these strains were determined by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Of the 270 strains, 60 (22.2%) were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, classified as MβLs producing. MβLs producing strains of pseudomonas were completely resistant to five tested antibiotics while their sensitivities to the three most effective antibiotics including ceftazidime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were 23.4%, 6.7 % and 1.7%, respectively. In PFGE, 37 patterns from the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed. Majority of the strains (43; 71.6%) exhibited more than 80% similarity, based on the drawn dendrogram. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, none of the tested antibiotics is safe to prescribe. As PFGE revealed, a limited number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa types are predominant in the hospitals which infect the burn patients

Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on the Intensity and Magnitude of Floods in Future Periods

The purpose of this study was to investigate the trend of hydro-climatic variables, detect the occurrence of climate change and subscale the climatic variables during future periods and evaluate the intensity and magnitude of future floods. The trend of hydroclimatic variables was first investigated using Mann-Kendall and Sen tests. Then, the output data of maximum temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation of CANESM2 general circulation model were sub-scaled under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios using SDSM 4.2.9 model. Later, HEC-HMS model was used to evaluate the intensity and magnitude of events in the Emameh watershed in future periods. The results showed that 20.8 and 14.6% of the maximum temperature and minimum temperature series had a significant upward trend. While 5.5% of the rainfall time series had a significant upward trend. Therefore, unlike the temperature variable, the monthly precipitation variable did not have a definite trend during the observation period as in future periods, in some months it showed an increasing trend and in some months it showed a decreasing trend. However, the maximum and minimum temperatures under the diffusion scenarios increased in the following periods. The peak flow and volume ​​of the simulated floods, under the most severe events in each period, was significantly smaller for future periods than for the observation period. Comparison of the most severe events with each other in different periods showed an increase in the volume and magnitude of the flood in the RCP2.6 scenario compared with RCP8.5. Therefore, in the context of climate change, the number of floods and their destructive power has increased and managers and planners are recommended to pay attention to this, especially in urban areas