The user of language resources in translation and interpreting

V podsklopu "Jezikovna opremljenost na področju tujih jezikov" ciljnega raziskovalnega projekta Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov raziskujem navade, strategije, potrebe in stališča uporabnikov, zlasti prevajalcev in tolmačev, do jezikovnih virov in orodij za tuje jezike, tako v odnosu do obstoječe infrastrukture kot tiste, ki po njihovem mnenju ni dovolj razvita.The section on multilingual infrastructure of the Slovenian Language Policy and User Needs CRP 2016 project investigates user habits and attitudes as well as user needs with regard to monolingual and interlingual language resources, in particular, translation technologies, dictionaries and other lexical resources. The research is focused on the needs of translators and interpreters

Jezikovna sredstva v funkciji vrednotenja

Prispevek naslavlja vprašanja rabe spolno zaznamovanih jezikovnih sredstev in spolnih reprezentacij v kontekstu razmišljanj o spolno občutljivi rabi jezika na primeru leksema feminizacija. Korpusna analiza konvencionalne rabe kaže, da je beseda pretežno zaznamovana, in sicer z odstopanjem od nevtralne rabe na ravni vrednotenjskega pomena in družbenih konotacij, čeprav v splošnem javnem diskurzu in celo v leksikografski obravnavi pogosto ni zaznati zavedanja o tem.Taking as an example the word feminization, the article addresses gendered language and sexual representations relating to reflections on the gender-sensitive use of language. A corpus analysis of conventional usage shows that the word is predominantly marked in terms of its evaluative meaning and social connotations, although there is limited awareness of this in either general public discourse or its lexicographic treatmTaking as an example the word feminization, the article addresses gendered language and sexual representations relating to reflections on the gender-sensitive use of language. A corpus analysis of conventional usage shows that the word is predominantly marked in terms of its evaluative meaning and social connotations, although there is limited awareness of this in either general public discourse or its lexicographic treatment

Semantična prozodija

The monograph focuses on corpus analysis of texts, exploring the interface between lexical and discursive aspects of pragmatic meaning. As the concept of evaluation is key to understanding how language works, our aim is to shed light on semantic prosody – a traditionally neglected evaluation-related phenomenon in Slovenian linguistics – as shown in some specific areas of applied linguistics, especially lexicography and translation. The locus of this phenomenon, which determines the pragmatic function of a unit of meaning, is in the textual, not the lexical meaning. This poses a challenge to modern lexicography. The introduction is followed by a brief outline of the history of pragmatic research and an analysis of selected lexical units, while in the second part of the book pragmatic aspects of textual and discursive analysis, including evaluation and metaphor, are presented. The importance of semantic prosody for linguistics is confirmed by tradition, as well as by insights in many areas closely related to language and interpretation of meaning, such as digitization and (language) technology, media discourse and policy, or law.Monografija se usmerja v korpusno analizo besedil, ki kaže, kje se stikajo oziroma prepletajo leksikalni in diskurzivni vidiki pragmatičnega pomena. Pojem vrednotenja je ključen za razumevanje, kako jezik deluje, zato smo želeli s posebnim poudarkom na pojavu, imenovanem semantična prozodija, osvetliti to, v slovenskem prostoru tradicionalno zapostavljeno temo, kot se kaže na nekaterih specifičnih področjih uporabnega jezikoslovja, posebej v leksikografiji in prevodoslovju. Lokus tega pojava, ki določa pragmatično funkcijo pomenske enote, je v besedilnem, ne leksikalnem pomenu, kar predstavlja izziv za sodobne leksikografske opise. Prvi del knjige sestavljajo poleg uvoda krajši zgodovinski oris pragmatičnih jezikovnih teorij in izbrane leksikalne analize, v drugem delu sledi navezava na pragmatične vidike besedilne oziroma diskurzivne analize, na vrednotenje in metaforo, ob koncu pojav osvetlimo še v medjezični perspektivi. Pomen raziskovanja semantične prozodije za jezikoslovje potrjuje tradicija, pa tudi spoznanja na mnogih področjih, ki so tesno povezana z jezikom in interpretacijo pomena, denimo digitalizacija in tehnologije, medijske politike in vsebine ali pravo(sodje)

Spol in jezik na robu pameti: Med slovnico in ideologijo

Pričujoče besedilo je povzemanje in analiza javne razprave, do katere je prišlo po sprejetju 41. sklepa Senata Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani z dne 25. aprila 2018 o novi spolni dikciji v fakultetnih pravilnikih in ki je nato ob zanimanju medijev potekala več mesecev, vrhunec pa dosegla pred približno enim letom, 23. oktobra 2018, na Okrogli mizi Jezik in spol na Filozofski fakulteti UL. Obenem je ob ponovnem vrednotenju izraženih stališč z nekoliko časovne distance prispevek poskus nadaljevanja razprave o spolnih kategorijah in ospoljenih identitetah ter androcentričnosti v jeziku. Poleg osvetlitve teoretskega ozadja, ki je (ali bi moralo biti) gonilo razprave, smo opravili tudi preprosto statistično analizo odzivov glede na zastopanost v medijih in zastopanost po spolu. V kvalitativnem delu analize nas je zanimalo predvsem, katere strokovne in ideološke (navidezne) opozicije so napajale posamezne  retorike in diskurze, ki so obarvali razpravo

Okrogla miza "Jezik in spol"

Filozofska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani in Komisija za slovenski jezik v javnosti pri Slovenski akademiji znanosti in umetnosti sta v torek, 23. oktobra 2018, organizirali okroglo mizo »Jezik in spol«, ki je potekala na Filozofski fakulteti v Ljubljani. Izhodišče razprave je bil sklep Senata Filozofske fakultete o izmenični rabi moške in ženske slovnične oblike za vse spole v pravilnikih Filozofske fakultete, s sogovornicami in sogovorniki pa sta organizatorja želela razpravo razširiti na vprašanja, kakšne možnosti ponuja slovenski jezik za uporabo spolno občutljivega jezika in kako v slovenskem jeziku zagotavljati vključujoč jezik v različnih družbenih situacijah. Objavljamo zapis je po posnetku dogodka, ki je na voljo na YouTubu

Pridobivanje podatkov o slovenščini za izdelavo slovensko-tujejezičnih slovarjev

Prispevek povzema razmisleke o pripravi slovenskega besedila za slovensko-tujejezični slovar ob konkretnem gradivu iz obrnjene baze Velikega angleško-slovenskega slovarja Oxford-DZS ter korpusno pridobljenih leksikalnogramatičnih podatkih iz nastajajoče leksikalne baze za slovenščino. Ključno vprašanje je, kako ob črpanju iz obeh virov pristopiti k izdelavi nove dvojezične podatkovne baze na način, ki ne bo potvarjal jezikovne realnosti slovenščine, hkrati pa bo zagotavljal izčrpno in poglobljeno analizo razmerij med jezikoma.The article reflects on linguistic issues concerning the preparation of text for a new Slovene-foreign language dictionary. Discussion is based on specific examples from the reversed database of the Oxford-DZS Comprehensive English-Slovene Dictionary and lexico-grammatical data from a corpus-based Slovene lexical database in the making. The key question is how to proceed with the compilation of a new, bilingual, dictionary database, using both sources but avoiding a distorted lexical analysis of Slovene in use, while also ensuring a thorough contrastive analysis of the relationships between the two languages

Corpus–Based Lexicographical Descriptions with a Special Focus on Pragmatics: The Case of the Slovene Lexical Database

The present paper focuses on ways in which the pragmatic (functional) meaning that arises from various contextual features, known in corpus linguistics as semantic prosody, can become an integral part of lexicographical descriptions as they are represented in the Slovene Lexical Database (SLD). This is particularly important for the treatment of phraseology and idiomatics. First, the theoretical background is provided, with the focus on the prototype theory and its practical implications for monolingual lexicography. A parallel is drawn with the model of meaning analysis in the SLD. The second part begins with a brief introduction to semantic prosody and continues with an analysis of monolingual meaning descriptions in the SLD against a number of authentic corpus examples, investigating how their pragmatic components have been identified. The analysis of corpus data shows that pragmatics is an important contributor to the process of sense discrimination in works of lexical and lexicographic relevance

Enakost spolov v slovenskem javnem govoru

V prispevku obravnavam uporabo spolno občutljivega jezika z vidika slovenskega javnega govora in reprezentacij spola v njem. V tem kontekstu nimamo opraviti predvsem z jezikom kot sistemom, temveč z jezikom kot diskurzom. Enakost spolov v javnem govoru raziskujem preko implicitnih vrednotenj in jezikovnih izbir na primeru spolno zaznamovane rabe svojilne oblike ženskih priimkov.The article deals with the use of gender-sensitive language in Slovene public discourse and in relation to gender representations within it. I will argue that in this context we are dealing primarily not with language as a system, but with language as discourse. Gender equality in public discourse is explored through implicit evaluation and linguistic choices of gender-marked forms as implemented in the case of broad adjectival use of female surnames as possessives

Jezikovna in funkcijska zvrstnost v leksikalni podatkovni zbirki

V prispevku podajamo opis leksikografskih in metajezikovnih sredstev za označevanje jezikovne in besedilne zvrstnosti v leksikalni podatkovni zbirki za slovenščino, ki bo osnova za izdelavo eno- in dvojezičnih slovarskih priročnikov oz. aplikacij. Pri leksiko-gramatikalni analizi na osnovi korpusnih besedil so upoštevane zvrstne in pragmatične omejitve rabe iztočnice, nakazane z ustreznim kvalifikatorskim in opisnim označevanjem rabe.The paper offers a description of lexicographic and metalinguistic techniques for marking register and various text types in a lexical database of Slovene designed as a source for new monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. In the lexico-grammatical analysis based on corpus texts, limitations of use imposed by factors of language variety and pragmatics have been taken into account and marked either by appropriate labels or conveyed within the actual lexicographic descriptions

Web Resources and Tools for Slovenian with a Focus on the Slovenian-English Language Infrastructure: Dictionaries in the Digital Age

The article begins with a presentation of a selection of electronic monolingual and bi/multilingual lexicographic resources and corpora available today to contemporary users of Slovene. The focus is on works combined with English and designed for translation purposes which provide information on the meaning of words and wider lexical units, i.e., e-dictionaries, lexical databases, web translation tools and various corpora. In a separate sub-section the most common translation technologies are presented, together with an evaluation of their role in the modern translation process. Sections 2 and 3 provide a brief outline of the changes that have affected classical dictionary planning, compilation and use in the new digital environment, as well as of the relationship between dictionaries and related resources, such as lexical databases. Some stereotypes regarding dictionary use are identified and, in conclusion, the existing corpus-based databases for the Slovenian-English pair are presented, with a view to determining priorities for the future interlingual infrastructure action plans in Slovenia