International aspects of the Russian Federation responsibility for the breaking of constitutional human rights and liberties

Russia on international liability for violation of constitutional rights and freedomsВоронцова, Ю.А.Хорошко, Е.Ю.Навроцкая, И.Н

Alfven Wave-Driven Supernova Explosion

We investigate the role of Alfven waves in the core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion. We assume that Alfven waves are generated by convections inside a proto-neutron star (PNS) and emitted from its surface. Then these waves propagate outwards, dissipate via nonlinear processes, and heat up matter around a stalled prompt shock. To quantitatively assess the importance of this process for the revival of the stalled shock, we perform 1D time-dependent hydrodynamical simulations, taking into account the heating via the dissipation of Alfven waves that propagate radially outwards along open flux tubes. We show that the shock revival occurs if the surface field strength is larger than ~2e15 G and if the amplitude of velocity fluctuation at the PNS surface is larger than 20% of the local sound speed. Interestingly, the Alfven wave mechanism is self-regulating in the sense that the explosion energy is not very sensitive to the surface field strength and initial amplitude of Alfven waves as long as they are larger than the threshold values given above.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures embedded, submitted to Ap

Sources and variations of tropospheric ozone in central Siberia: observations and model simulations

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Climate change: causes, risks, consequences, problems of adaptation and management" 26-28 November 2019, Moscow, Russian Federatio

A comparison of dose-response characteristics of four NTCP models using outcomes of radiation-induced optic neuropathy and retinopathy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Biological models are used to relate the outcome of radiation therapy to dose distribution. As use of biological models in treatment planning expands, uncertainties associated with the use of specific models for predicting outcomes should be understood and quantified. In particular, the question to what extent model predictions are data-driven or dependent on the choice of the model has to be explored.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four dose-response models--logistic, log-logistic, Poisson-based and probit--were tested for their ability and consistency in describing dose-response data for radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) and retinopathy (RIRP). Dose to the optic nerves was specified as the minimum dose, <it>D_min</it>, received by any segment of the organ to which the damage was diagnosed by ophthalmologic evaluation. For retinopathy, the dose to the retina was specified as the highest isodose covering at least 1/3 of the retinal surface (<it>D_33%</it>) that geometrically covered the observed retinal damage. Data on both complications were modeled separately for patients treated once daily and twice daily. Model parameters <it>D₅₀</it>and <it>γ </it>and corresponding confidence intervals were obtained using maximum-likelihood method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Model parameters were reasonably consistent for RION data for patients treated once daily, <it>D₅₀</it>ranging from 94.2 to 104.7 Gy and <it>γ </it>from 0.88 to 1.41. Similar consistency was seen for RIRP data which span a broad range of complication incidence, with <it>D₅₀</it>from 72.2 to 75.0 Gy and <it>γ </it>from 1.51 to 2.16 for patients treated twice daily; 72.2-74.0 Gy and 0.84-1.20 for patients treated once daily. However, large variations were observed for RION in patients treated twice daily, D₅₀from 96.3 to 125.2 Gy and <it>γ </it>from 0.80 to 1.56. Complication incidence in this dataset in any dose group did not exceed 20%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>For the considered data sets, the log-logistic model tends to lead to larger <it>D₅₀</it>and lower <it>γ </it>compared to other models for all datasets. Statements regarding normal tissue radiosensitivity and steepness of dose-response, based on model parameters, should be made with caution as the latter are not only model-dependent but also sensitive to the range of complication incidence exhibited by clinical data.</p

Relativistic stars with purely toroidal magnetic fields

We investigate the effects of the purely toroidal magnetic field on the equilibrium structures of the relativistic stars. The master equations for obtaining equilibrium solutions of relativistic rotating stars containing purely toroidal magnetic fields are derived for the first time. To solve these master equations numerically, we extend the Cook-Shapiro-Teukolsky scheme for calculating relativistic rotating stars containing no magnetic field to incorporate the effects of the purely toroidal magnetic fields. By using the numerical scheme, we then calculate a large number of the equilibrium configurations for a particular distribution of the magnetic field in order to explore the equilibrium properties. We also construct the equilibrium sequences of the constant baryon mass and/or the constant magnetic flux, which model the evolution of an isolated neutron star as it loses angular momentum via the gravitational waves. Important properties of the equilibrium configurations of the magnetized stars obtained in this study are summarized as follows ; (1) For the non-rotating stars, the matter distribution of the stars is prolately distorted due to the toroidal magnetic fields. (2) For the rapidly rotating stars, the shape of the stellar surface becomes oblate because of the centrifugal force. But, the matter distribution deep inside the star is sufficiently prolate for the mean matter distribution of the star to be prolate. (3) The stronger toroidal magnetic fields lead to the mass-shedding of the stars at the lower angular velocity. (4) For some equilibrium sequences of the constant baryon mass and magnetic flux, the stars can spin up as they lose angular momentum.Comment: 13 figures, 7 tables, submitted to PR

Vvedenie v slavjanovedenie. Izbrannaja bibliografija

V nastojaščem bibliografieskom ukazatele tradicionnye v slavjanskoj filologii razdely dopolneny nekotorymi novymi, polučivšimi razvitie v poslednie desjatiletija, takimi kak semiotika i informatika, lingvostatistika, teorija jazykovych kognatov, lingvogeografija i areal'naja lingvistika. Osnovnaja cel' izdanija - pomoč' vsem, kto interesuetsja istoriej i sovremennymi problemami slavjanovedenija, orientirovat'sja v obširnom slavjanskom kul'turno-jazykovom prostranstve.V nastojaščem bibliografieskom ukazatele tradicionnye v slavjanskoj filologii razdely dopolneny nekotorymi novymi, polučivšimi razvitie v poslednie desjatiletija, takimi kak semiotika i informatika, lingvostatistika, teorija jazykovych kognatov, lingvogeografija i areal'naja lingvistika. Osnovnaja cel' izdanija - pomoč' vsem, kto interesuetsja istoriej i sovremennymi problemami slavjanovedenija, orientirovat'sja v obširnom slavjanskom kul'turno-jazykovom prostranstve

Minor actinides burning in a stellarator-mirror fusion-fission hybrid

The MCNPX Monte-Carlo code has been used to model a compact concept of a fusion-fission reactor based on a combined stellarator-mirror trap for transmutation transuranic elements from the spent nuclear fuel. Calculation results for fission rates for transuranic elements are presented.С использованием программы MCNPX разработана модель контролированного гибридного реактора небольших размеров на основе открытой ловушки для трансмутации трансурановых изотопов из отработавшего ядерного топлива. Представлены результаты расчетов скорости деления трансурановых элементов.За допомогою програми MCNPX розроблена модель контрольованого гібридного ректора невеликих розмірів на основі відкритої пастки для трансмутації трансуранових ізотопів з відпрацьованого ядерного палива. Представлені результати розрахунків швидкості ділення трансуранових елементів

A fuel cycle for minor actinides burning in a stellarator-mirror fusion-fission hybrid

The MCNPX Monte-Carlo code has been used to model a concept of a fusion-fission stellarator-mirror hybrid aimed for transmutation transuranic content from the spent nuclear fuel. A fuel cycle for the subcritical fusion-fission hybrid is investigated and discussed.С использованием Монте-Карловского кода MCNPX разработана модель гибридного реактора на основе комбинации стелларатора и открытой ловушки для трансмутации трансурановых изотопов из отработавшего ядерного топлива. Исследуется и обсуждается топливный цикл для подкритического гибридного реактора.За допомогою Монте-Карлівського коду MCNPX розроблена модель гібридного ректора на основі комбінації стеларатора та відкритої пастки для трансмутації трансуранових ізотопів з відпрацьованого ядерного палива. Досліджується та обговорюється паливний цикл для підкритичного гібридного реактора