1,731 research outputs found
Irreversible Thermodynamics in Multiscale Stochastic Dynamical Systems
This work extends the results of the recently developed theory of a rather
complete thermodynamic formalism for discrete-state, continuous-time Markov
processes with and without detailed balance. We aim at investigating the
question that whether and how the thermodynamic structure is invariant in a
multiscale stochastic system. That is, whether the relations between
thermodynamic functions of state and process variables remain unchanged when
the system is viewed at different time scales and resolutions. Our results show
that the dynamics on a fast time scale contribute an entropic term to the
"internal energy function", , for the slow dynamics. Based on the
conditional free energy , one can then treat the slow dynamics as if
the fast dynamics is nonexistent. Furthermore, we show that the free energy,
which characterizes the spontaneous organization in a system without detailed
balance, is invariant with or without the fast dynamics: The fast dynamics is
assumed to reach stationarity instantaneously on the slow time scale; they have
no effect on the system's free energy. The same can not be said for the entropy
and the internal energy, both of which contain the same contribution from the
fast dynamics. We also investigate the consequences of time-scale separation in
connection to the concepts of quasi-stationaryty and steady-adiabaticity
introduced in the phenomenological steady-state thermodynamics
Democratic Responsibility in the Americas: A shared mandate
La Carta Democrática Interamericana contiene el compromiso individual de los paÃses de las Américas con la construcción de democracias sólidas y estables. El presente estudio busca dilucidar si de dicho instrumento puede extraerse la existencia de una obligación jurÃdica común a los Estados Miembros de la Organización de Estados Americanos en construir colectiva y cooperativamente tal cometido. Considerando la entidad del Derecho a la Democracia y trasladando la doctrina de la Responsabilidad de Proteger al contexto de la Democracia Prescriptiva Americana, teorizaremos sobre su aplicabilidad y su situación a la luz del Principio de No Intervención cuando un Estado americano no quiere o no puede cumplir con su obligación democrática.The Democratic Inter-American Charter stipulates the individual commitment of American States in the construction of solid and stable democracies. This study seeks to elucidate if a legal obligation to the collective and cooperative construction of that goal, common to all Member States of the Organization of American States, can be extracted from said instrument. Considering the entity of the Right to Democracy and applying the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect in the context of the Prescriptive American Democracy we will inquire on its applicability and its situation in light of the Principle of Non Intervention when an American State is unable or unwilling to fulfill its democratic obligation
Contractions of Filippov algebras
We introduce in this paper the contractions of -Lie (or
Filippov) algebras and show that they have a semidirect
structure as their Lie algebra counterparts. As an example, we compute
the non-trivial contractions of the simple Filippov algebras. By
using the \.In\"on\"u-Wigner and the generalized Weimar-Woods contractions of
ordinary Lie algebras, we compare (in the simple case)
the Lie algebras Lie (the Lie algebra of inner endomorphisms
of ) with certain contractions
and of
the Lie algebra Lie associated with .Comment: plain latex, 36 pages. A few misprints corrected. This v3 is actually
v2 (v1 had been replaced by itself by error). To appear in J. Math. Phy
Fusing Audio, Textual and Visual Features for Sentiment Analysis of News Videos
This paper presents a novel approach to perform sentiment analysis of news
videos, based on the fusion of audio, textual and visual clues extracted from
their contents. The proposed approach aims at contributing to the
semiodiscoursive study regarding the construction of the ethos (identity) of
this media universe, which has become a central part of the modern-day lives of
millions of people. To achieve this goal, we apply state-of-the-art
computational methods for (1) automatic emotion recognition from facial
expressions, (2) extraction of modulations in the participants' speeches and
(3) sentiment analysis from the closed caption associated to the videos of
interest. More specifically, we compute features, such as, visual intensities
of recognized emotions, field sizes of participants, voicing probability, sound
loudness, speech fundamental frequencies and the sentiment scores (polarities)
from text sentences in the closed caption. Experimental results with a dataset
containing 520 annotated news videos from three Brazilian and one American
popular TV newscasts show that our approach achieves an accuracy of up to 84%
in the sentiments (tension levels) classification task, thus demonstrating its
high potential to be used by media analysts in several applications,
especially, in the journalistic domain.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, International AAAI Conference on Web and Social
Medi
A new gene inventory of the ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like conjugation pathways in giardia intestinalis
BACKGROUND
Ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like proteins (Ub-L) are critical regulators of complex cellular processes such as the cell cycle, DNA repair, transcription, chromatin remodeling, signal translation, and protein degradation. Giardia intestinalis possesses an experimentally proven Ub-conjugation system; however, a limited number of enzymes involved in this process were identified using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). This is due to the limitations of BLAST’s ability to identify homologous functional regions when similarity between the sequences dips to < 30%. In addition Ub-Ls and their conjugating enzymes have not been fully elucidated in Giardia.
OBJETIVE
To identify the enzymes involved in the Ub and Ub-Ls conjugation processes using intelligent systems based on the hidden Markov models (HMMs).
METHODS
We performed an HMM search of functional Pfam domains found in the key enzymes of these pathways in Giardia’s proteome. Each open reading frame identified was analysed by sequence homology, domain architecture, and transcription levels.
FINDINGS
We identified 118 genes, 106 of which corresponded to the ubiquitination process (Ub, E1, E2, E3, and DUB enzymes). The E3 ligase group was the largest group with 82 members; 71 of which harbored a characteristic RING domain. Four Ub-Ls were identified and the conjugation enzymes for NEDD8 and URM1 were described for first time. The 3D model for Ub-Ls displayed the β-grasp fold typical. Furthermore, our sequence analysis for the corresponding activating enzymes detected the essential motifs required for conjugation.
MAIN CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight the complexity of Giardia’s Ub-conjugation system, which is drastically different from that previously reported, and provides evidence for the presence of NEDDylation and URMylation enzymes in the genome and transcriptome of G. intestinalis
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