Biodegradation of malathion by serratia marcescens isolated from Arvandkenar region, Iran

The global use of pesticides has resulted in the contamination of various ecosystems worldwide. The impact of these pesticides can be reduced through bioremediation. The factors that influence the biodegradation rate include the isolation of efficient bacteria for use in remediation and the determination of optimal biodegradation conditions. In this study, malathion degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil samples taken from the Arvandkenar region in Iran. To optimize the biodegradation of malathion by an isolated strain, the effect of four parameters (temperature, salinity, NH4Cl and K2HPO4) was evaluated while considering protein concentrations at different times. The malathion remaining in the media was measured using the gas chromatography method. A gram-negative bacterium strain BNA1 with malathion biodegrading ability was isolated from the soil sample which showed a 99% similarity to Serratia marcescens. The optimum biodegradation condition occurred at a temperature = 30 ˚C, salinity = 0 %, NH4Cl = 0.25 g/L and K2HPO4 = 0.25 g/L. A biodegradation efficiency of 65% was obtained under the above-mentioned condition. The results of this study revealed the significant capability of BNA1 in the biodegradation of malathion. Therefore, the use of an isolated strain may be considered as an important tool in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soil

Family-centered collaborative care for patients with chronic mental illness: A systematic review

Background: Chronic mental illnesses (CMI) are long lasting and reoccurring and require continuous care as well as an integrated and collaborative approach to organize the care. This study sought to examine whether family centered collaborative care is an acceptable treatment option for individuals with CMI. Materials and Methods: From the years 2000 to 2021, ten electronic databases relating to family centered collaborative care for mental illness were searched adopting Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis checklist. Twenty seven relevant articles and a thesis from among 6956 studies retrieved, were assessed their quality appraisal through four standardized tools. The studies were rated as good, moderate, or poor. Studies were calibrated, different opinions were discussed, and extracted data were done. Results: Evidence included 11 randomized controlled trials (from 19 articles), one randomized control trial, three mixed methods studies (from 3 articles and 1 thesis), and a qualitative study (from 4 articles). The quality of seven studies was good, 15 were moderate quality, and seven were poor quality. According to moderate to high quality qualitative research, family centered collaborative care was considered an acceptable intervention; though a few studies supported it. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that family involvement in the care of patients with CMI affects no recurrence of the disease, and no re hospitalization of patients with this disorder. As a result, engaging family members in the care process can have a positive impact on the health and well being of these patients