Knowledge Economy Clustering at the Intrametropolitan Level: Evidence from Madrid

Despite the increasing relevance of knowledge-based activities in the global economy, their spatial distribution at the intrametropolitan scale has rarely been studied. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the intrametropolitan spatial localisation of knowledge-based activities by assessing some of its main causal mechanisms, paying special attention to agglomeration economies and borrowed size (both questioned in the era of Information and Communications Technologies because of the theorised ‘death of distance’), the controversial role of industrial diversity and specialisation (traditionally considered exclusive processes) and path dependence. The empirical application refers to the case of the Madrid urban region for the period between 2012 and 2017. This study area proves particularly appropriate for two main reasons. First, the area is a main urban region in the European and global urban systems. Second, the area is a good example of a multicore urban region with a traditionally strong metropolis. The results show that the knowledge economy remains strongly dependent on the size of the city itself (agglomeration economies) and of the surrounding areas (borrowed size), that the specialisation and diversity processes are complementary and appear at different scales and that in the specialisation of certain areas in some knowledge economy activities, the city’s trajectory (path dependence) plays an important role. The results of the present study have various practical implications for policymakers when considering not only strategies (and investments) to coordinate land availability, worker training, connections between research centres and companies and amenities but also strategies to coordinate with the surrounding municipalities (e.g. in terms of mobility or joint public and private projects)

The effect on purchase intention of social media influencers recommendations

[EN] The present study aims to examine the impact of involvement (measured through fashion conciousness), perceived authenticity of the message, and perceived risk on purchase recommendations made by influencers. Furthermore, the relationship between these variables is investigated as a risk mitigator in the purchase intention, being induced by influencers in their followers. The global rise of social media has created a new context in which the figure of influencers has become a strategic communication tool that makes the product more familiar, acceptable and desirable to the audience. However, the negative aspects that could influence the purchase intention, such as the risk perceived by the audience, have not yet been studied in depth. To fill this gap, we present a structural equation model using the SmartPLS tool on 948 influencer followers. The results obtained suggest the remarkable influence of involvement with the product, the authenticity of the message and the presence of risk derived from the recommendations; as well as a strong impact of the authenticity of the message as the main mitigating factor of the perceived risk.Gonzalez-Mohino, M.; Cabeza-Ramirez, LJ. (2022). The effect on purchase intention of social media influencers recommendations. En 4th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics (CARMA 2022). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 81-89. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2022.2022.15057818

Southern hemisphere sensitivity to ENSO patterns and intensities: impacts over subtropical South America

El Niño flavors influence Subtropical South American (SSA) rainfall through the generation of one or two quasi-stationary Rossby waves. However, it is not yet clear whether the induced wave trains depend on the El Niño pattern and/or its intensity. To investigate this, we performed different sensitivity experiments using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) which was forced considering separately the Canonical and the El Niño Modoki patterns with sea surface temperature (SST) maximum anomalies of 1 and 3 ◦C. Experiments with 3 ◦C show that the Canonical El Niño induces two Rossby wave trains, a large one emanating from the western subtropical Pacific and a shorter one initiated over the central-eastern subtropical South Pacific. Only the shorter wave plays a role in generating negative outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies over SSA. On the other hand, 3 ◦C El Niño Modoki experiments show the generation of a large Rossby wave train that emanates from the subtropical western south Pacific and reaches South America (SA), promoting the development of negative OLR anomalies over SSA. Experiments with 1 ◦C show no impacts on OLR anomalies over SSA associated with El Niño Modoki. However, for the Canonical El Niño case there is a statistically significant reduction of the OLR anomalies over SSA related to the intensification of the upper level jet stream over the region. Finally, our model results suggest that SSA is more sensitive to the Canonical El Niño, although this result may be model dependent

Multidecadal Modulation of ENSO Teleconnection with Europe in Late Winter: Analysis of CMIP5 Models

Many studies point to a robust ENSO signature on the North Atlantic–European (NAE) sector associated with a downstream effect of Rossby wave trains. Some of these works also address a nonstationary behavior of the aforementioned link, but only few have explored the possible modulating factors. In this study the internal causes within the ocean–atmosphere coupled system influencing the tropospheric ENSO–Euro-Mediterranean rainfall teleconnection have been analyzed. To this aim, unforced long-term preindustrial control simulations from 18 different CMIP5 models have been used. A nonstationary impact of ENSO on Euro-Mediterranean rainfall, being spatially consistent with the observational one, is found. This variable feature is explained by a changing ENSO-related Rossby wave propagation from the tropical Pacific to the NAE sector, which, in turn, is modulated by multidecadal variability of the climatological jet streams associated with the underlying sea surface temperature (SST). The results, therefore, indicate a modulation of the ENSO–Euro-Mediterranean rainfall teleconnection by the internal (and multidecadal) variability of the ocean–atmosphere coupled system.This study was supported by the European project PREFACE (603521), and the Spanish projects TRACS (CGL2009-10285) and MULCLIVAR (CGL2012- 38923-C02-01).Peer reviewe

Variabilidad multidecadal del Atlántico norte en modelos del CMIP5

Ponencia presentada en: XXXII Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIII Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Alcobendas (Madrid), del 28 al 30 de mayo de 2012.Este trabajo ha sido financiado gracias a los proyectos MICINN CGL2011-13564-E, CGL2009-10285 y MARM MOVAC 200800050084028

Capacitarte: desarrollo personal y participación social de mujeres con discapacidad intelectual a través del arte.

Este trabajo refleja la importancia de promover la inclusión y ciudadanía de las mujeres con discapacidad intelectual a través del uso de herramientas y lenguajes artísticos, promoviendo su participación en los espacios culturales. A pesar del déficit de ciudadanía que presentan este colectivo por la falta de oportunidades y expectativas del conjunto de la sociedad hacía ellas, encontramos en los lenguajes y espacios artísticos un abanico de posibilidades que abren caminos a la intervención sociocultural para contribuir a transformación hacia un mundo más justo y solidario, en el que todos/as sumemos y contribuyamos para creerlo y crearlo. El trabajo, tras revisar fuentes y reunir buenas prácticas acerca del arte como elemento transformador de las sociedades y la discapacidad intelectual, presenta una propuesta de intervención sociocultural para la Educación Social que pretende empoderar y fomentar la ciudadanía de estas mujeres mediante la creatividad y conocimiento artístico, así como abrir espacios culturalesGrado en Educación Socia

Statistical-observational analysis of skillful oceanic predictors of heavy daily precipitation events in the Sahel

In this paper, the sea surface temperature (SST) based statistical seasonal forecast model (S4CAST) is utilized to examine the spatial and temporal prediction skill of Sahel heavy and extreme daily precipitation events. As in previous studies, S4CAST points out the Mediterranean Sea and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as the main drivers of Sahel heavy/extreme daily rainfall variability at interannual timescales (period 1982–2015). Overall, the Mediterranean Sea emerges as a seasonal short-term predictor of heavy daily rainfall (1 month in advance), while ENSO returns a longer forecast window (up to 3 months in advance). Regarding the spatial skill, the response of heavy daily rainfall to the Mediterranean SST forcing is significant over a widespread area of the Sahel. Contrastingly, with the ENSO forcing, the response is only significant over the southernmost Sahel area. These differences can be attributed to the distinct physical mechanisms mediating the analyzed SST-rainfall teleconnections. This paper provides fundamental elements to develop an operational statistical-seasonal forecasting system of Sahel heavy and extreme daily precipitation events

Pacing profiles of middle-distance running world records in men and women

The aims of the current study were to compare the pacing patterns of all-time 800 m, 1500 m and mile running world records (WRs) and to determine whether differences exist between sexes, and if 800 m and 1500 m WRs were broken during championship or meet races. Overall and lap times for men and women's 800 m, 1500 m, and mile WRs from World Athletics were collected when available and subsequently compared. A fast initial 200 m segment and a decrease in speed throughout was found during 800 m WRs. Accordingly, the first 200 m and 400 m were faster than the last 200 m and 400 m, respectively (p < 0.001, 0.77 <= ES <= 1.86). The first 400 m and 409 m for 1500 m and mile WRs, respectively, were faster than the second lap (p < 0.001, 0.74 <= ES <= 1.46). The third 400 m lap was slower than the last 300 m lap and 400 m lap for 1500 m and mile WRs, respectively (p < 0.001, 0.48 <= ES <= 1.09). No relevant sex-based differences in pacing strategy were found in any event. However, the first 409 m lap was faster than the last 400 m lap for men but not for women during mile WRs. Women achieved a greater % of WRs than men during championships (80% vs. 45.83% in the 800 m, and 63.63% vs. 31.58% in the 1500 m, respectively). In conclusion, positive, reverse J-shaped and U-shaped pacing profiles were used to break 800 m, men's mile and 1500 m, and women's mile WRs, respectively. WRs are more prone to be broken during championships by women than men

Síntesis de nuevos complejos organometálicos quirales de Rh(I) soportados sobre zeolitas y estudio de su perfil catalítico en reacciones de hidrogenación

El trabajo de tesis doctoral esta dividido en cuatro partes diferenciadas: 1 síntesis de nuevos ligandos quirales a partir de 4-hidroxiprolina, 2 preparación de complejos organometálicos neutros y catiónicos de rh (i) con los ligandos quirales mencionados anteriormente, y con diferentes coligandos, 3 su anclaje a través de un enlace covalente a soportes inorgánicos (sílice y zeolita hy), y, finalmente, el estudio de dichos organometálicos heterogeneizados en comparación a sus correspondientes complejos homogéneos, como catalizadores en reacciones de hidrogenación, evaluando el papel del soporte, el tipo de ligando y la distancia entre el punto de anclaje en el soporte y el centro catalítico en relación a la reactividad y selectividad de la reacción