Reconfigurable Enhanced Path Metric Updater Unit for Space Time Trellis Code Viterbi Decoder

Space Time Trellis Code (STTC) encoding and decoding techniques are effective for delivery of a reliable information because of the signal to noise ratio is very small. Even though the Viterbi algorithm is complicated to be designed, these methods typically used large memory space to store the information that have been processed mainly at the Path Metric Updater (PMU). Therefore, an effective memory management technique is one of the key factors in designing the STTC Viterbi decoder for low power consumption applications. This paper proposed the PMU memory reduction technique especially on Traceback activities that usually required a lot of memories for storing the data that has been processed in the past part by using Altera Quartus 2 and 0.18 µm Altera CPLD 5M570ZF256C5 as targeted hardware. Through this method, the reduction achieved at least 66% of memory requirements and 75% improvements in processing time without a significanct effects on the outputs results of the STTC Viterbi Decoder for 4-PSK modulation technique by using 50MHz clocks

A single battery bank, three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter with the least number of conducting switches

The world energy sector nowadays are moving from fossil fuel energy generation towards renewable energy systems. Hence the rise of battery cells technology and with it the multilevel inverter. Three originally main multilevel inverter categories are cascaded H-bridge inverter, flying capacitor inverter and neutral point clamped inverter. Due to its modular structure and easily configured into multi-sources systems such as photovoltaic array, the cascaded H-bridge inverter is thriving in the renewable energy sector. However the downside of cascaded H-bridge inverter is the need for large number of switches, and this is evident in three phase design. The other problem is the amount of switches that have to be turned on during operation are high, thus resulting in voltage drops accumulations internally, causing losses and increase inefficiency. In this paper, a single battery bank, three phase multilevel inverter general topology with only three conducting ideal switches during operation is proposed. A 41-level version of the topology is built and simulated in Matlab Simulink platform. The result shows that the proposed inverter topology has a minimal output THD level and low internal voltage losses

An Efficient Classification of Emotions in Students\u27 Feedback using Deep Neural Network

Background and Objective: In both the corporate and academic worlds, the collection and analysis of feedback (product evaluation, social media debate, and student input) has long been a significant topic. The traditional approaches to collect student feedback focused on data collection and analysis via questionnaires. However, the student makes comments on social media sites that need to be looked at to improve educational standards at schools.Methods: The purpose of this work is to construct a deep neural network-based system to assess students\u27 feedback and emotions found in the reviews. Our approach applies a Deep Learning-based Bi-LSTM Model to a benchmark student input dataset. It would categorize students\u27 feedback about their instructors according to their emotional states, such as love, happiness, fury, and disdain.Results: The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms both benchmark studies and state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers

A Study of Zero Bid Wind Farm for Future Scotland’s Energy Demands—A New Approach

Offshore wind is in a rapid transitional phase, pushed worldwide by efforts of those to reduce climate change. Wind power is becoming a commercialised, unsubsidised competitive form of low carbon generation of renewable energy. Marketplaces reflect this growing trend with the first introduction of subsidy free bids in a tender for the Dutch and German governments. The analysis of surrounding literature of subsidy free bids and governmental policies revealed that integration of subsidy free bids have been carried out to various extents. Bids like those seen in the German and Dutch governments have been done in accompaniment with supportive policies and measures. For the UK, a possible subsidy free bid could be developed under the Scottish Sectoral Marine Plan. Owing to that, this paper investigates the feasibility of a subsidy free bid for the Scottish government. Utilising the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) metric were inserted into a detailed excel spreadsheet. This paper calculates multiple financial scenarios under the LCOE metric to provide an insight into the possible scenarios of which different models of subsidy free bids can be implemented. The main parameters associated with the BEIS metric and calculator design were investigated. These included financial cost predictions, discount rate, generational capacity and net capacity factors. The final conclusion of the generated output data, showed it was indeed possible to adopt a subsidy free bid under the current UK contract for difference (CfD) scheme under strict and favourable conditions

Modelling Electroluminescence Emission in Polymeric Material Using Dimensional Analysis Method

The Electroluminescence (EL) technique has garnered significant interest over time for its reliable outcomes that enrich our understanding of the onset of electrical degradation in polymeric material. There is growing interest in combining both the EL technique and space charge measurement methods to obtain a more profound knowledge of the degradation and ageing of insulation. The generation of charge carriers in polymeric materials is widely acknowledged to be a crucial aspect of EL, involving injection, de-trapping, and field dissociation processes. This research investigates the variables that influence how EL emissions behave, including applied voltage or electric field, applied electrical frequency, ageing of material, and selection of materials and gases employed. It was found that these factors can be helpful in predicting the process of electrical ageing in insulation to avoid any catastrophes that may occur. A mathematical approach relating these factors and the intensity of EL is proposed through the aid of Dimensional Analysis method. A close relationship is obtained that suggests this mathematical approach can be utilised as a tool to predict electrical ageing of insulation material

Methods for reliability analysis of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system

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Optimal Placement of Capacitors in Radial Distribution Grids via Enhanced Modified Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents the integration of shunt capacitors in the radial distribution grids (RDG) with constant and time-varying load consideration for the reduction of power losses and total annual cost, which turns to enhance the voltage profile and annual net savings. To gather the stated goals, three objective functions are formulated with system constraints. To solve this identified problem, a novel optimization technique based on the modification of particle swarm optimization is proposed. The solution methodology is divided into two phases. In phase one, potential candidate buses are nominated using the loss sensitivity factor method and in phase two the proposed technique first selects the optimal buses for the capacitor placement among the potential buses then it decides the optimal sizing of the capacitors as well. To demonstrate the performance in terms of efficiency and strength, the proposed technique is tested on IEEE 15, 33, and 69 bus system for the optimal placement and sizing of capacitors (OPSC) problem. The results are achieved in terms of annual net savings for 15 bus (47.66%case−1, 32.76%case−2, 26.46%case−3), 33 bus (33.09% case−1, 27.06%case−2, 24.15%case−3), and 69 bus (34.51% case−1, 29.43%case−2, 25.83%case−3) which are comparable to other state of the art methods, and it also indicates the success of the proposed technique

The Effects of Induction Motor's Steel Sheet Thickness on Efficiency, Losses and Electrical Cost

Application of the induction motor in industry is common transversely the world. Performance evaluation of its energy efficient was increased the attention as it will convey important energy and commercial funds. This research considered the effects of electrical steel sheet's thickness for rotor material of 0.5Hp 3-phase induction motor on energy efficiency, losses reductions and utility bill cost. The outcome for this research work is thru reducing the lamination thickness of steel sheet (from 0.50mm to 0.35mm) for rotor frame, the energy efficiency was increased by 1.4% and 13.27Watt of losses have been decreased. Uncertainty the new design is applied to 100, 000 pieces a new rotor of motor, it is assessed that 40.32kWh/year of energy might be saved also the utility bill will be saved up to RM 1.35million

Consideration for nuclear energy in Malaysia

Depletion in Malaysia’s fossil fuels has caused the country to explore other potential energy source. Of all possible options, nuclear power has been considered the best. However, the plan for its implementation has been met with many challenges primarily within the issue of acceptance among public. This paper explores challenges of implementing nuclear power in Malaysia. Data were obtained through interview with professionals that have experience and knowledge in the subject area. Findings highlight lack of agreement among them on Malaysia’s readiness to operate nuclear power plant. This is further looked into aspects that the country must be prepared for should nuclear is set to be implemented