Proteomics and Bioinformatics as Novel Tools in Phytoremediation Technology- An Overview

Biotechnology plays an important role in mitigation of various pollution in a cost effective manner by using the complex chemistry of living organisms, various cell manipulations and their approaches for environmental cleanup along with environmental sustainability. One such technology is phytoremediation technology or green technology which has emerged and evolved as a novel tool for remediation of toxic contaminants from environment. Plants with its diverse range show a remarkable range of their phytoremediation potentiality for establishing a sustainable environment. There is a huge exploitation of natural resources through expanded industrialization, urbanization, modern agricultural development, energy generation to fulfill the never-ending human desires and need. This disturbs the balance in nature where we reside and leads to progressive deterioration of the environment. There are several biotechnological advances which are employed for combating both the biotic and abiotic stress problems caused due to toxic contaminants in the environment. Various biotechnological interventions such as bioinformatics, proteomics, genomics, metallomics and metabolomics play a crucial role and open new avenue in this context. This omics approach is now integrated with bioinformatics to serve as a novel tool in phytoremediation technology. This smart technology provides insights into the complex behavior of enzymes, proteins and metabolites action and their biochemical pathways for degradation of wastes. This leads towards deriving a sustainable solution for environmental pollution

Soft Computing Approach To Automatic Test Pattern Generation For Sequential Vlsi Circuit

Due to the constant development in the integrated circuits, the automatic test pattern generation problem become more vital for sequential vlsi circuits in these days. Also testing of integrating circuits and systems has become a difficult problem. In this paper we have discussed the problem of the automatic test sequence generation using particle swarm optimization(PSO) and technique for structure optimization of a deterministic test pattern generator using genetic algorithm(GA)

Chromium translocation, concentration and its phytotoxic impacts in in vivo grown seedlings of Sesbania sesban L. Merrill.

The present in vivo pot culture study showed hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) induced phytotoxic impacts and its translocation potential in 21 days old sesban (Sesbania sesban L. Merrill.) seedlings. Cr+6 showed significant growth retardation in 21 days old sesban (Sesbania sesban L. Merrill.) seedlings. Germination of seeds at 10,000 mg L−1 of Cr+6 exhibit 80% inhibition in germination. Seedling survival was 67% after 7 days of seedling exposure to 300 mg kg−1 of Cr+6. Shoot phytotoxicity was enhanced from 6% to 31% with elevated supply of Cr+6 from 10 mg kg−1 to 300 mg kg−1. Elevated supply of Cr+6 exhibited increasing and decreasing trends in % phytotoxicity and seedling tolerance index, respectively. Elevated supply of chromium showed decreased chlorophyll and catalase activities. Peroxidase activities in roots and leaves were significantly higher at increased supply of Cr+6. Cr bioconcentration in roots was nearly 10 times more than stems whereas leaves showed nearly double accumulation than stems. Tissue specific chromium bioaccumulation showed 53 and 12 times more in roots and shoots respectively at 300 mg kg−1 Cr+6 than control. The present study reveals potential of sesban for effective Cr translocation from roots to shoots as evident from their translocation factor and Total Accumulation Rate values

Bottomonia production in Modified NRQCD

Motivated by the success of Modified Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (Modified NRQCD) in explaining data from experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for charmonia, we now turn to the study of bottomonium production at the LHC. Modified NRQCD does very well in explaining $\Upsilon$ data from the LHC. But this is true also of NRQCD which explains the $\Upsilon$ data equally well. Where the two models differ substantially is in their predictions for $\eta_b$ production. As was the case with $\eta_c$, the measurement of $\eta_b$ production at the LHC will be another decisive test of Modified NRQCD.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Thoracic mobilisation and periscapular soft tissue manipulations in the management of chronic Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc

BackgroundThe most common cause of CLBP is discogenic lower back pain. Researches haveshown that connective tissue remodelling occurs in CLBP and thoracic spinal mobility and thoracolumbar mobility have higher correlations with LBP.AimsTo see the effect of upper back fascia and periscapular muscles stretching and thoracic mobilisation to reduce symptoms in subjects with CLBP due to lumbar disk herniation.Methods A total of 40 subjects with CLBP due to Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc (PIVD) were recruited and randomly distributed in two groups. Group 1 was given stretching of upper back fascia and periscapular muscles and thoracic mobilization along with conventional exercises (Cyriax listing correction -I followed by repeated McKenzie back extension exercise and Core muscle strengthening). Group 2 received only conventional exercises. Outcome Measures: visual analog scale, Oswestry Disability Index and Modified Schober's Test. Measurements were taken before and after three weeks of treatment, for 5 days/week.Results Overall results of the study, both Group 1 and Group 2 showed improvement in pain, function and lumbar Range of Motion (ROM) after three weeks of intervention. However, Group 1 improved significantly to a greater extent in pain, ROM and function than the Group 2.ConclusionStretching of periscapular muscles and fascia of the upper back and mobilisation of upper thoracic spine is found to be effective for the management of chronic low back pain due to PIVD

Investigation of DNA interaction and antiproliferative activity of mixed ligand dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes incorporating ONO donor aroylhydrazone ligands

Four new mixed ligand dioxidomolybdenum(VI) [MoVIO2L1-3(Q)] (1–3), [MoVIO2L4(Q)]2 (H2O) (4) [where Q = MeOH for 1 and imidazole for 2–4] complexes have been synthesized using four different ONO donor aroylhydrazone ligands (H2L1–4). All the derived ligands and complexes have been characterised by different physicochemical techniques, that is, elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (UV–Vis, NMR and IR), and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular geometries of 1–4 were established by X-ray crystallography which reveals - - the Schiff base ligands coordinate - the distorted octahedral metal centres in a di-negative tridentate fashion. The complexes have shown moderate binding affinity (103 to 104 M−1) towards CT-DNA. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity activity of all the complexes were determined against HT-29 (colon cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. Complex 4, due to the presence of a heterocyclic 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl moiety in the ligand backbone, was found to be more biologically active in comparison to the others in the series

EFFECT OF LOWER LIMB PASSIVE CYCLING MOVEMENT ON SPASTICITY IN PERSONS WITH STROKE

Abstract: Introduction: One of the contributors to the post-stroke functional impairment is spasticity. It was estimated that 2/3 rd of patients would develop post-stroke spasticity. The prevalence of spasticity was found to be 40% one year after stroke which leads to functional impairment in activity of daily living. However no study evaluated the effect of lower limb passive cycling movement on spasticity in persons with stroke. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate how post stroke spasticity behaves with lower limb passive cycling movement. Methodology: This was a randomized control trial. Thirty subjects with stroke (n=30) were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (Experimental group: Passive cycling and conventional physical therapy exercises; n=15) and Group B (Control Group: Conventional physical therapy exercise; n=15). Pre test measurement of all dependent variablesspasticity by MMAS (modified modified Ashworth scale), ROM by goniometer and 10 meter walk test were made on recruitment for the study and post test measurement was made after completion of therapy for 4 weeks, (5 days a week). Data analysis: The Dependent variables for spasticity were analysed using Man Whitney U test. Straight leg raising, dorsiflexion range of motion and 10 metre walk test were analysed using a 2x2 ANOVA. All pair wise post -hoc comparisons were analyzed using a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The reduction in spasticity from pre to post was significantly more in experimental group. The study shows that there is statistically significant improvement in dorsiflexion range of motion, SLR as well as improvement in walking function in experimental group but not in control group. Conclusion: Passive cycling was more effective in reducing spasticity of lower limb, improve the range of motion and walking function than those in subjects with conventional exercises in persons with stroke

In vitro cytotoxicity and catalytic evaluation of dioxidovanadium(V) complexes in an azohydrazone ligand environment

Three new anionic dioxidovanadium(V) complexes (HNEt3)[VO2(L)1–3] (1–3) of tridentate binegative aroylhydrazone ligands containing the azobenzene moiety were synthesized and structurally characterized. The aroylhydrazone ligands (H2L1–3) were derived from the condensation of 5-(arylazo) salicylaldehyde derivatives with the corresponding aroyl hydrazides. All the synthesized ligands and metal complexes were successfully characterized by several physicochemical techniques, namely, elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-vis and NMR), and cyclic voltammetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography of 1–3 revealed five-coordinate geometry, where the ligand coordinates to the metal centre in a binegative tridentate O, N, O coordinating anion and two oxido-O atoms, resulting in distortion towards the square pyramidal structure. The complexes were further evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa and HT-29 cancer cell lines. All the complexes manifested a cytotoxic potential that was found to be comparable with that of clinically referred drugs, while complex 3 proved to be the most cytotoxic among the three complexes for both cell lines, which may be due to the synergistic effect of the naphthyl substituent in the azohydrazone ligand environment coordinated to the vanadium metal. The synthesized complexes 1–3 were probed as catalysts for the oxidative bromination of thymol and styrene as a functional mimic of vanadium haloperoxidases (VHPOs). All the reactions provided high percentages of conversion (>90%) with a high turnover frequency (TOF) in the presence of the catalysts 1–3. In particular, for the oxidative bromination of thymol, the percentage of conversion and TOF were in the ranges of 98–99% and 5380–7173 (h−1), respectively. Besides, 3 bearing the naphthyl substituent showed the highest TOF among all the complexes for the oxidative bromination of both thymol and styrene

Methoxido‐Bridged Lacunary Heterocubane Oxidovanadium(IV) Cluster with Azo Ligands: Synthesis, X‐ray Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Antiproliferative Activity

The new μ 3 ‐methoxido bridged trinuclear vanadium(IV) complexes [V IV 3 O 3 (μ 3 ‐OMe)(μ 2 ‐OMe) 3 (L 1,2 ) 2 ] ( 1 and 2 ) have been synthesized using the azo ligands 1‐(2‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)diazenyl)naphthalene‐2‐ol (HL 1 ) and 2‐(2‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)diazenyl)‐4‐methylphenol (HL 2 ). X‐ray crystallography revealed a trinuclear structure with a lacunary heterocubane {(VO) 3 (μ 3 ‐OMe)(μ 2 ‐OMe) 3 } 2+ core unit for complex 1 , which contains a central μ 3 ‐methoxido bridge. All three vanadium centers are in a slightly distorted octahedral coordination environment. Magnetic and theoretical studies reveal an antiferromagnetic coupling between the three vanadium(IV) centers within the triangular arrangement in 1 . The complexes were also screened for in vitro cytotoxicity study against HeLa and HT‐29 cancer cell lines. The results indicated that both the complexes are cytotoxic but possess varying specificity towards different cell types

Supramolecular assembly of coumarin 7 with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin for biomolecular applications

Coumarins, in general, exhibit a wide range of photophysical characteristics and are highly sensitive to their microenvironment, and, therefore, their fluorescence characteristics have attracted immense attention as sensors in chemical and biological systems. In the present study, the supramolecular interaction of a bichromophoric coumarin dye, namely, Coumarin 7 (C7) with sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE7βCD) macrocyclic host at different pH conditions has been investigated by using optical spectroscopic techniques such as absorption, steady-state and time-resolved emissions, and circular dichroism measurements and compared with that of βCD. Considerable enhancement in the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of C7 on complexation with SBE7βCD proposes that non-radiative processes like TICT behavior are strictly hindered due to the confinement in the host cavity experienced by the C7 dye. The increase in the rotational correlation time evaluated from the fluorescence anisotropy decay kinetics further confirms the formation of tightly bound inclusion complexes. The binding constant values reveal that the monocationic form of dye at pH 3 shows ∼3 times stronger interaction with SBE7βCD than the neutral form of dye at pH 7 due to strong electrostatic cation-anion interaction. SBE7βCD:C7 exhibits an improved photostability and an upward pKa shift of 0.4 unit compared to the contrasting downward pKa shift of 0.5 with the βCD. The enhanced fluorescence yield and increased photostability have been exploited for bioimaging applications, and better images were captured by staining the Drosophila fly gut with the SBE7βCD:C7 complex. The enhancement in the binding interaction and the emission intensity were found to be responsive to external stimuli such as small competitive binders or metal ions and nearly quantitative dissociation of the complex was demonstrated to release the dye and would find stimuli-responsive applications