Human’s Developmental Thoughts in the Tamil Folk Songs

At first oral songs appeared in the archaic language. These oral songs are sung in different forms. Folk songs have no grammatical restrictions it is just sung. The song is very simple and it is easy to sing. Though the song is simple it has many meanings that are useful for life. This article shows up the emerging management ideas in the folk songs such as leadership characteristics, education, morals and human resources

Hybrid vigour and variability for key growth characters and yield in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)

Hybrid vigour and assessment of genetic variability for important growth characters and yield traits in cashew were studied in eight cashew hybrids.The analysis of variance for the phenotypic data for 12 characters revealed significant variation among the genotypes except for tree spread, flowering laterals per m2, non-flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio.The highest nut weight was observed in H-125 (12.07 g) whereas the lowest was in H-2452 (5.08 g).The maximum nut yield was noticed in hybrid H-126 with 5.96 kg tree-1 while NRCC Selection-2 recorded lowest with 0.53 kg tree-1. The standard heterosis over two checks, bold nut check (NRCC Sel-2) and high yielding check (Bhaskara) and variability parameters such as genotypic coefficient of variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were estimated. For nut weight, standard heterosis over bold nut check varied from -34.54 to 55.54 per cent and six out of eight hybrids viz., H-43, H-66, H-68, H-125, H-126 and H-2473 showed significant and positive standard heterosis. Standard heterosis over the high yielding check, varied from -38.93 to 300 per cent and it was significant and positive in two hybrids viz., H-126 and H-125 with 300 per cent and 214.09 per cent, respectively.The hybrid vigour was not significant for trunk girth, tree height, tree spread, number of flowering laterals per m2 and sex ratio. Notably, five hybrids presented more than 20 per cent standard heterosis for nut weight over bold nut check which may serve as a useful source of breeding material. Two hybrids viz., H-125 and H-126 showed good hybrid vigour for nut weight and yield over two checks and thus have been inducted into multi-location trials and also under consideration for release

Effect of Bandwidth Scalability on System Performance in the Downlink LTE Systems

Long Term Evolution (LTE) system employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in downlink in order to support network deployment using various system bandwidth configurations i.e., 1.4MHz, 3MHZ, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz. The bandwidth scalability enables operator to access multiple channels to achieve higher peak data rates. Also, the bandwidth scalability allows operators to deploy LTE network with the existing spectrum or newly licensed band. Therefore the study on performance of LTE system with different bandwidth configuration becomes vital. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to study and compare the performance of LTE system with different spectrum configuration i.e., 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz for Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic scenario in the downlink. The performance metrics considered for simulation studies are aggregate bytes received, average throughput, average delay and average jitter

Recent advances in starch–clay nanocomposites

Biological nanocomposites are a valuable addition to the existing nanocomposite materials and eventually can substitute petroleum-based composite materials in numerous applications due to their inherent advantages such as biodegradability, eco-friendliness, low cost, and easy availability to name a few. Recently, polymer–clay nanocomposites have achieved much more attention due to their enhanced properties such as size dispersion and significant enhancement in physicochemical and mechanical properties in comparison to the pure polymer systems. Among various biopolymers, starch is one of the most abundant natural polymers on the earth and is highly valuable due to its chemical and physical properties. Starch polymer has highly increased potential as an alternative to petroleum-based materials. However, starch cannot be used alone and starch–clay nanocomposite has emerged as a new potential green sustainable material. This article focuses on recent progress in starch-based nanocomposites with particular emphasis on starch–clay nanocomposite preparation, properties, and applications

Crystal structure of 8-hydroxyquinolin-ium 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate mono-hydrate

The authors thank SAIF, IIT Madras for the data collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Simulation of Vector Controlled Adjustable Speed System of Doubly Fed Induction Machine

In this work the performance of vector speed control of doubly fed induction machine is considered. Based on the analysis of doubly fed induction machine dynamic mathematical model and the vector control principle, the construction of the motor control system has been completed. Doubly fed induction machine module, the vector controller module, Clark transform module, Park transform module, inverter module, flux module, speed-conditioning module have been set up by0adopting the idea of modular in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Through the organic integration of functional modules, the vector control doubly fed induction machine system has been constituted. Simulation results show the changes in the machine electromagnetic torque, the dynamic changes of speed curve, which demonstrate that the real system can be well simulated with fast dynamic response speed, steady-state small of static error, and strong ability of anti-load disturbance

4-[(E)-(2,4-Difluoro­phen­yl)(hydroxy­imino)meth­yl]piperidinium picrate

The title compound, C12H15F2N2O+·C6H2N3O7 −, a picrate salt of 4-[(E)-(2,4-difluoro­phen­yl)(hydroxy­imino)meth­yl]piper­idine, crystallizes with two independent mol­ecules in a cation–anion pair in the asymmetric unit. In the cation, a methyl group is tris­ubstituted by hydroxy­imino, piperidin-4-yl and 2,4-difluoro­phenyl groups, the latter of which contains an F atom disordered over two positions in the ring [occupancy ratio 0.631 (4):0.369 (4)]. The mean plane of the hydr­oxy group is in a synclinical conformation nearly orthogonal [N—C—C—C = 72.44 (19)°] to the mean plane of the piperidine ring, which adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the 2,4-difluoro­phenyl and piperidin-4-yl groups is 60.2 (3)°. In the picrate anion, the mean planes of the two o-NO2 and single p-NO2 groups adopt twist angles of 5.7 (2), 25.3 (7) and 8.3 (6)°, respectively, with the attached planar benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzene ring in the picrate anion and those in the hydroxy­imino, piperidin-4-yl and 2,4-difluoro­phenyl groups in the cation are 84.9 (7), 78.9 (4) and 65.1 (1)°, respectively. Extensive hydrogen-bond inter­actions occur between the cation–anion pair, which help to establish the crystal packing in the unit cell. This includes dual three-center hydrogen bonds with the piperidin-4-yl group, the phenolate and o-NO2 O atoms of the picrate anion at different positions in the unit cell, which form separate N—H⋯(O,O) bifurcated inter­molecular hydrogen-bond inter­actions. Also, the hydr­oxy group forms a separate hydrogen bond with a nearby piperidin-4-yl N atom, thus providing two groups of hydrogen bonds, which form an infinite two-dimensional network along (011)