The Role of the Administrative Process Elements in the Development of the Administrative Reform in the Palestinian National Authority Institutions in the West Bank

This study aimed to identify the impact of the use of administrative elements on the development of administrative reform system in the Palestinian National Authority institutions in the West Bank, and to achieve this goal, use the systematic descriptive study, analytical and descriptive Correlative, and the researcher developed a questionnaire as a tool for data collection, distributed to a sample been selected Hssah randomly composed of "374" of the civilian workers in the public institutions employees. After the restoration of questionnaires from respondents were processed statistically using the Statistical Package "spss" for the analysis and interpretation of data, where it was used repetition to clarify the distribution of respondents by personal variables to respondents, and calculate averages and standard deviation to answer questions about the study, and test the "T" to examine the hypothesis by sex , and testing of variance to examine the hypothesis of the study analysis by age and educational qualification and years of experience variables and job title. Pearson also used the test to detect the relationship between the independent variables (administrative and variable elements of the (administrative reform development). The study found the most important the following results: 1)The results of the study strongly the consent of the respondents in the use of administrative elements and using them in the development process of administrative reform in the Palestinian National Authority institutions in the West Bank, with a mean (4.256) 2) The results of the answers respondents a positive relationship between the elements of the employment administration (regulatory plans and programs, and implementation, and the structure of administrative reform device, and follow-up and performance monitoring during implementation of the administrative reform process), and the development of the administrative reform process. 3) The results of the study showed the presence of statistically significant differences in the answers of respondents about the importance of the employment elements of management in the development of administrative reform by sex, in favor of males. 4)The results of the study showed a lack of statistically significant differences in the answers of respondents about the importance of the employment elements of management in the development of administrative reform by variables (age, educational qualification, years of experience, and job title)) The study recommends the Palestinian National Authority by using the administrative process and elements employed in the process of administrative reform development

Assessing the efficiency of the training process within the ministry of social affairs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Training is the main goal of any organization that has to apply itself to achieve objectives, and it can be helpful to change the whole work environment by developing the human resources of the organization. Training presents the harmony between the progress of the organization and the development of the employees, which means that whenever there is a training programmes implemented within the organization, there is a progress and increased high performance for both organization and employees. This study examines the training process of the Ministry of Social Affairs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and demonstrates the training procedures used in this Ministry. Its purpose is to present recommendations and suggestions of the way to improve the efficiency of training programmes within the Ministry based on the results of the evaluation process of this study. It shows that the sample of this study is the employees of the Ministry only, non managers or supervisors. The questionnaire method used in this study, and the questionnaires were distributed on the employees by using self-administrated technique which will enable the researcher to get much responses. This indicates that the descriptive statistical analysis was employed in this study in the form of frequencies and percentages. The statistical analysis SPSS was used in this study to analyze the results of the questionnaires, which demonstrates that the training process of the Ministry is not affective and not performing sufficiently, and presents that there are some obstacles that stand against the development of the training in the Ministry

Corruption and tax non-compliance model : an investigation on individual taxpayers in Yemen

Governments around the world continuously attempt to improve the level of tax compliance especially those in countries which face a high level of tax noncompliance. Yemen is one of these countries in which tax non-compliance has been reported to be at a high level during the last few decades. This study empirically investigates the influence of perception of corruption in the government, tax rate, penalty rate, income level and education level on individual taxpayer’s noncompliance behaviour in Yemen. This study is underpinned by the social influence theory, and further supported by the deterrence theory and cognitive learning theory. The data, which were collected through survey questionnaires, were analysed using multiple regression analysis and other statistical techniques. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed that yielded 264 usable questionnaires. The results reveal that there is a positively significant relationship between perception of corruption in the government, tax rate and penalty rate and tax non-compliance, whereas the relationship between income level and tax non-compliance is negatively significant and the relationship between education level and tax non-compliance is insignificant. This study concludes with the theoretical implications and practical recommendations for the Yemeni Government in order to improve tax collection such as to develop and implement more stringent enforcement strategies to combat corruption in the administration and improve the tax system in terms of penalty rate and tax rates. In addition, the Yemen Tax Authority should play a more proactive role to encourage and educate individual taxpayers by enhancing their knowledge on taxation. This study also highlights several limitations and suggests future studies that can be conducted in this area

A Novel Model Representation Framework for Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems

Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems is C-ITS a set of ITS technologies that can provide services supported by the permanent, real time, information circulation among the components of the system. The paper aims to give an overview related to the modelling and evaluation possibilities of cooperative intelligent transportation system and to clarify the definition of the C-ITS and its differences from the regular ITS solutions. The paper introduce a proposed architecture of C-ITS modelling framework by describing C-ITS components, transferred data and its applications

Biosynthesis of MgO Nanoparticles Using Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus

The current study describes a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and repeatable magnesium oxide nanoparticle manufacturing process mediated by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to produce magnesium oxide nanoparticles by employing the bacterial culture supernatant of (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus)  and to characterize them.The magnesium oxide nanoparticles were created using an environmentally acceptable extracellular bio-synthetic technique.magnesium nitrate were used as a source of MgO NPs. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the MgO NPs. The XRD pattern showed fifth major peaks of the crystalline metallic MgO NPs. The UV spectrum of the MgO K.pneumoniae NPs showed a sharp absorption peak at 330 nm and 334 nm for MgO S.aureus NPs. According to the current study's findings, K.pneumoniae and S.aureus bacteria are both capable of creating MgO NPs extracellularly

Effective corporate governance mechanisms, ownership structure and financial reporting quality: evidence from Oman / Muneer Rajab Amrah and Mohammed Mahdi Obaid.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between corporate governance effectiveness and financial reporting quality among family and non-family owned companies in the Sultanate of Oman. This study used a panel dataset for 68 companies listed on the Muscat Securities Market for 6 years from 2013 to 2018. The study contributes to the literature by extending previous financial reporting quality with a consideration of the Sultanate of Oman business environment where family ownership control is more common. Additionally, this study contributes by using a composite measure of corporate governance mechanisms to capture the combined effect of corporate governance effectiveness on the propensity of financial reporting quality, based on the agency's theoretical framework. This study is based on the difference between family and non-family owned firms with Type I and Type II agency problems, with differences in ownership and control. This study contributes to the literature by examining the influences of corporate governance effectiveness on financial reporting quality, which is expected to be different between family and non-family firms. The empirical results indicate that the association between corporate governance effectiveness and its financial reporting quality is positive and significant for both, the full sample as well as the non-family firms. However, this relationship appears to be weaker for family owned firms

Loss of identity in T.S. Eliot's poems selected poems

T. S. Eliot is often regarded as one of the best writers of the 20th century. The realities and pain of modern civilization after war are embodied in his creative works dealing with the aftermath of war and loss of identity, which earn him the Nobel prize in literature. There are several poems by this author that capture the experience of the contemporary man. There are three parts to this paper. The first part of this essay discusses the life and work of T. S. Eliot, the critical acclaim that his works have received, and the prestigious literary award that he has won. In the second part, we look at what makes contemporary poetry distinct. How T. S. Eliot enhances the characteristics that current poets employ to produce their poetry. The third section is a collection of Eliot's poems that reflect on and depict modern human life and the modern man's loss of identity, including "The Hollow Man," "The Waste Land," and "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," all of which were written after World War II. The poem "Prelude," which alludes to a musical overture to a contemporary day, is a perfect example. Eliot's poetry as a whole reflects the reality and sorrow of contemporary man's identity crisis. The study's conclusion summarizes its findings, which focused on how T.S. Eliot's poetry deals with themes of identity loss, the hardship of living, and solitude in the years after World War II

Choosing Routes in Urban Areas that are Robust Against Minor Nonrecurring Traffic Incidents

The paper looks at certain vehicle-level re-routing issues within urban road networks, and related network-level traffic management issues. These arise mostly when the traffic along a route of significance is hindered, slowed down, or even blocked because of some – possibly minor – unexpected, nonrecurring traffic incident at a sensitive road location, or road section. Considerations for planning routes in urban areas – routes that are in some sense robust against such incidents – are presented herein. Also, the on–the–spot detection of traffic queues by an ego-vehicle – relying on data streams from on-board visual line-of-sight (LoS) exteroceptive sensors watching, scanning and monitoring the ego-vehicle's road environment, and by some on-board dedicated real-time detection systems processing and analyzing the incoming data streams – is touched upon. However, this traffic congestion avoidance and mitigating approach – effectuated either by individual autonomous vehicles, or by human drivers – presumes availability of alternative routes, which is not the case for a good portion of the route considered. A route planning approach that could be used for routes with such critical sections is proposed and motivated through an example of an urban route of significance

The Potential Amoebicidal Effect of Some Milk forms as an Inhibitor for Entamoeba histolytica Viability Isolated from Diarrhea

Milk includes numerous compounds such as lacto-peroxidase, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin G, secretory immunoglobulin A, and Lysozymes The invasive trophozoites of E. histolytica are capable to inhabit host tissues and provoke diseases such as intestinal colitis. The objective of the study was to compare different forms of milk’s effect on E. histolytica trophopzoite by measuring protein concentration in vitro using a spectrophotometer and number of trophozoite by microscopy. For this purpose, E. histolytica trophozoites were exposed to several types of milk (human, sheep, cattle, goats, and formula) at concentrations of 6, 12, 18, and 24% for each type after 8, 16, and 24 hours of incubation. According to the findings, sheep and goat milk had lower total protein concentrations after 8 hours than other types of milk when compared to the control group. After 16 hours of incubation, raise the milk concentration to 24%   leading to a reduction in the formula milk\u27s total protein concentration to 5g/l. after 8 and 16 hours of incubation, sheep milk and cattle have significantly lower total protein concentrations (24% vs. 8%), respectively. The action of formula and human milk is increased by 24-hour incubation. Increase the trophozoite inhibition percentage compared to metronidazole in human milk, which was followed by sheep and cattle milk with respective values of 60.9%, 56.1%, and 46.3% respectively. Human milk, goat and formula milk had the greatest inhibitory activity after incubation 24hrs. at 24%.the extent of amoebicidal activity of milk was shown to depend on incubation period and concentration of milk