What do dental college clinicians know about oral cancer and its risk factors? An assessment among final year students, interns and faculty members in saudi arabia

The ability of health care professionals to perform oral cancer examination depends partly on their knowledge of the disease and its risk factors. This study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge of final year students, interns and faculty members regarding oral cancer and its risk factors. A 35-item questionnaire about knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors was distributed among participants from Jazan University?s Dental School. A minimum score of 18 was the cut-off point for an acceptable total score of oral cancer knowledge [OCTS]. Descriptive statistics described the relations between demographics variables and knowledge levels of participants. The differences between OCTS, diagnostic-clinical examination knowledge [DCK] and supportive knowledge [SK] and sex and occupation were analyzed using independent t-test and ANOVAs respectively. A total of 72 students, 68 interns and 88 faculty members completed the questionnaires (N = 228); with an average age of 23.8 ± 0.9 years, 25.1 ± 1.5 years and 40.6 ± 9.1 years with 55.1% males. OCTS was 20.2 ± 3.6 out of 35. No significant difference between OCTS and participants? sex was found (t (203) = 1.342, p = .181, 95% CI for difference -.302 ?? 1.589). No significant differences in OCTS between students, interns and faculty members (F (2, 225) = 2.116, p = .123). A significant difference in SK between final year students, interns, and faculty members was founded (F (2, 194) = 5.62, p = .004). Knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors among Jazan Dental School?s final year students, interns and faculty members is acceptable. However, due to the high rate of oral cancer in Jazan, emphasizing knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors in the curriculum of Jazan Dental School is required

The Effect of some Plant Extracts on the Control of Bacteria Isolated from the Iraqi Currency

     جري هذا البحث في المعهد التقني بابل لقسم صحة المجتمع، مختبر الأحياء المجهرية لتقويم كفاءة بعض المستخلصات النباتية في مكافحة البكتريا المعزولة من العملات النقدية العراقية. حيث تم عزل العزلات البكتيرية sp.  Staphylococcus  aureus   ,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella.      أوضحت النتائج أنَﱠ مستخلص الماء الحار لبذور الحبة السوداء(حبة البركة) ذو كفاءة عالية في تثبيط البكتريا على وسط الاكار المغذي Nutrient agar في التراكيز الآتية 100-75-50-25 ملغم/مل فقد اعطت بكتريا Staphylococcus aureus  نسبة تثبيط  33.3 ملم -41.6 ملم – 66.6 ملم – 91.6 ملم  على التوالي مقارنة بمستخلص الماء الحار لنبات الخروع إذ لم يسجل اي تثبيط لبكتريا   S. aureusبينما بكتريا  Escherichia coli سجلت نسبة  تثبيط لمستخلص الخروع للتراكيز المذكورة اعلاه  16.6 ملم – 33.3 ملم - 50 ملم -83.3 ملم ,اما بكتريا  Klebsiella sp. لم يسجل لها أي تثبيط ،بينما مستخلص الحبة السوداء أعطى تثبيط 100%  لبكتريا  E. coliو بكتريا. sp Klebsiella في التركيز 100 ملغم/ملم.        This research was conducted at the technical institute Babylon/ department of community health /medical microbiology lab, to evaluate the efficiency of some plant extract in order on bacterial inhibition which was not recorded the bacteria which isolated from the money.        The results showed that the extract of the hot water for the plant black pill has a high efficiency in the inhibition of bacteria on nutrient agar at the concentration of the following 25-50-75-100 mg/ml, respectively.They were given of inhibition 33.3 mm, 41.6 mm, 66.6 mm, 91.6 mm. Respectively which is compared with a hot water extract of the plant of castor beans which not record any inhibition of the bacteria

Bacterial contaminations of Iraqi Currencies collected from Duhok City, Iraq

Background: Paper currency is widely exchanged and because of the high frequency changing from hand to hand, could serve as vehicles for transmission of multi-resistant bacterial pathogens. The aim was to find out bacterial contaminations of Iraqi currencies collected from various communities and their susceptibility to antibiotics at Duhok city, Iraq.Methods: A total of 302 Iraqi currencies were collected from 8 community populations and analyzed by screened on Blood, Mannitol salt, MacConkey and Chocolate agar followed by the identification of the isolates using standard conventional bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against fourteen drugs was carried out as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results: Out of 302 collected samples, 96% showed bacterial contamination, of them 16% had multiple bacterial isolates. A total of 9 different bacterial species were isolated from six Iraqi currencies. Of them, (24.2%) was Bacillus subtillis followed by E. coli (14.6%), S. aureus (13.4%), Micrococcus (13.0%), S. albus (10.6%), P. aeruginosa (10.2%), Klbseiella (9.9%), Proteus (2.5%) and Enterobacter (1.6%).overall isolates exhibited high resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin, ampicillin and cefixime ,while absent or little resistance was against antibiotics like amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone and rifampin.Conclusion:Study revealed that Iraqi currencies circulating in Duhok city was contaminated with different pathogenic and potential pathogenic bacteria including multi drug resistant strains. So the need to improve health consciousness among people while handling currency is an urgent issue.

Electrical and dielectric properties of kevlar - carbon hybrid fiber / epoxy laminated composites

This paper reports a.c., d.c. conductivity and dielectric behavior of Ep-hybrid composite with12 Vol.% Kevlar-Carbon hybrid . D.C. conductivity measurements are conducted on the graded composites by using an electrometer over the temperature range from (293-413) K. It was shown then that conductivity increases by increasing number of Kevlar –Carbon fiber layers (Ep1, Ep2, Ep3), due to the high electrical conductivity of Carbon fiber. To identify the mechanism governing the conduction, the activation energies at low temperature region (LTR) and at high temperature region (HTR) have been calculated. The activation energy values for hybrid composite decrease with increasing number of fiber layers. The a.c. conductivity was measured over frequency range 100 Hz-1MHz. It was found that? ?(?) values increase with increasing frequency according to the relation ? (?)=Aws . The values of frequency exponent (s) were found to increase with number of layers

Galvanic Cathodic Protection Evaluation of a Steel Pipe in Iraqi Soil

Corrosion is the main problem for the embedded pipelines in different environment resistivities. The most effective method to overcome this problem is cathodic protection which represents as a control method of the pipe corrosion. For achieving longer life of the external corrosion control system and evaluating the performance of aluminum alloys which have been used as sacrificed anodes to protect the embedded carbon steel pipe in different artificial simulated resistivity of soils in Iraq of [5000 , 1000 , 600 , 50 and 25 (Ω.cm)]. Results show that (Al-10 wt% Zn) as sacrificial anode alloy has the best anode capacity compared with other anodes under these conditions (Al-5 wt% Zn), and (Al-15 wt% Zn). The selection for these alloys based on that they have high potential in many environments when coupling with steels without effect of microbial, obstacle and stray current. The polarization curves of alloys also show no passivation behavior in artificial resistivities. The corrosion rate of different anode alloys was determinated as a function of applied cathodic protection. It was found a relationship between electric potential and time which determine the optimum potential in different soil types for the three above selected electrodes (anodes)

Factors associated with financial security, food security and quality of daily lives of residents in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

An online survey was conducted to identify factors associated with financial insecurity, food insecurity and poor quality of daily lives of adults in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The associations between the outcome (experience of financial loss, changes in food intake and impact of the pandemic on daily lives) and the explanatory (age, sex, education level, anxiety, depression, HIV status) variables were determined using logistic regression analysis. Of the 4439 respondents, 2487 (56.0%) were financially insecure, 907 (20.4%) decreased food intake and 4029 (90.8%) had their daily life negatively impacted. Males (AOR:0.84), people who felt depressed (AOR:0.62) and people living with HIV -PLHIV- (AOR:0.70) had significantly lower odds of financial insecurity. Older respondents (AOR:1.01) had significantly higher odds of financial insecurity. Those depressed (AOR:0.62) and PLHIV (AOR:0.55) had significantly lower odds of reporting decreased food intake. Respondents who felt anxious (AOR:0.07), depressed (AOR: 0.48) and who were PLHIV (AOR:0.68) had significantly lower odds of reporting a negative impact of the pandemic on their daily lives. We concluded the study findings may reflect a complex relationship between financial insecurity, food insecurity, poor quality of life, mental health, and socioeconomic status of adults living in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic

Factors associated with COVID-19 pandemic induced post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults living with and without HIV in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

Background: Nigeria is a country with high risk for traumatic incidences, now aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify differences in COVID-19 related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among people living and not living with HIV; to assess whether PTSS were associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related anger, loneliness, social isolation, and social support; and to determine the association between PTSS and use of COVID-19 prevention strategies.Methods: The data of the 3761 respondents for this analysis was extracted from a cross-sectional online survey that collected information about mental health and wellness from a convenience sample of adults, 18 years and above, in Nigeria from July to December 2020. Information was collected on the study's dependent variable (PTSS), independent variables (self-reported COVID-19, HIV status, use of COVID-19 prevention strategies, perception of social isolation, access to emotional support, feelings of anger and loneliness), and potential confounder (age, sex at birth, employment status). A binary logistic regression model tested the associations between independent and dependent variables.Results: Nearly half (47.5%) of the respondents had PTSS. People who had symptoms but were not tested (AOR = 2.20), felt socially isolated (AOR = 1.16), angry (AOR = 2.64), or lonely (AOR = 2.19) had significantly greater odds of reporting PTSS (p p Conclusion: The present study identified some multifaceted relationships between post-traumatic stress, HIV status, facemask use, anger, loneliness, social isolation, and access to emotional support during this protracted COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have implications for the future health of those affected, particularly for individuals living in Nigeria. Public health education should be incorporated in programs targeting prevention and prompt diagnosis and treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder at the community level.</p