Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Eudragit RL 100 nanoparticles loaded with Quercetin for its Hypolipidemic action by using Animal Model

Quercetin, a potent pharmacological active phytocompound, plays a crucial role in drug therapy. However, its essential role is limited due to poor water solubility and low bioavailability. To overcome these limitations and enhance oral bioavailability, Quercetin loaded Eudragit nanoparticles were prepared using a single emulsification solvent evaporation method and optimized by applying Box-Behnken design. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Quercetin in Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats using Triton WR-1339, and the hypolipidemic potential of Quercetin was evaluated at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. The results revealed that Quercetin significantly (p ≤ 0.005) altered the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, bringing them close to normal levels in Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, both doses of Quercetin (50 and 100 mg/kg) showed significant reductions in TC and TG levels when compared to the standard atorvastatin treatment. The novel formulation of Quercetin loaded Eudragit polymeric nanoparticles displayed remarkable potential as a green antihyperlipidemic agent. These findings suggest that Quercetin loaded Eudragit nanoparticles can effectively mitigate hyperlipidemia and have the potential to be a promising therapeutic option for lipid disorders. The enhanced bioavailability and bioactivity of Quercetin delivered through this novel formulation open new possibilities for its clinical application in managing hyperlipidemia. Further research and clinical studies are warranted to explore its translational potential and wider applications in drug therap

Preoperative Botulinum Toxin Injection for Complex Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair

Introduction: Due to their higher rates of morbidity and recurrence, complex abdominal wall hernias provide a difficult clinical dilemma. Botulinum toxin injection has been suggested as a feasible treatment option to ease patients' tense muscles and promote primary fascial closure. This study focus on how well preoperative botulinum toxin injections worked for patients with complicated abdominal wall hernias. Methodology: The patients in this retrospective study had complex abdominal wall hernias. Between January 2021 and December 2022, they had received preoperative botulinum toxin injections for those hernias. Age, gender, the extent of the transverse hernia defects both before and after the procedure, loss of domain, and muscle length, all were the study's variables. The data were analyzed using comparative analysis and paired t-tests. Results: The study involved 8 patients in all, with an average age of 53.38 ± 12.56 years. The mean fascial defect size before injection was 13.14 ± 4.58 cm, while the mean fascial defect size after injection was 11.84 ± 4.07 cm. Following the Botox injection, there was a statistically significant decrease in the size of the transverse hernia defect (p 0.001). The mean loss of domain before the surgery was 18.46 ± 11.96%, while the mean loss of domain after the 7.21%. Following the Botox injection, there was a statistically significant decrease in loss of domain (p 0.05). In 7 individuals, primary fascial closure was accomplished (87.5%). Both surgical and chemical components had no significant side effects. Conclusion: In individuals with complicated abdominal wall hernias, preoperative botulinum toxin injection is an efficient and secure method for lowering muscle tension and attaining primary fascial closure. it is challenging to make firm judgments on the effectiveness of preoperative Botox injection for complex abdominal wall hernia repair in the absence of a control group. The results of the current study need to be confirmed by larger studies with longer follow-up times and a control group

Epidemiology Of Dengue Fever, Role Of Pharmacist, Nursing, Paramedics, Physiotherapist And Respiratory Therapist In Applying Prevention Measures

Dengue virus (DENV) is a contagious illness that is spread by Aedes mosquitoes. The extensive proliferation of these mosquitoes has contributed to a significant public health concern, as this virus transmitted by mosquitoes is prevalent in numerous locations, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates. Contracting dengue fever can result in severe symptoms that have the potential to be life-threatening. Dengue infections can manifest as asymptomatic, mild-to-moderate, or severe, contingent upon the characteristics of the individual. Dengvaxia is authorized for immunization in vulnerable children who have already contracted dengue. Pharmacists have the ability to support and promote immunization efforts, offer guidance on safe travel practices, and help in the care of patients with dengue. Understanding the clinical appearance and proper care of dengue is crucial in reducing the severity of symptoms in patients. Healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists, nurses, paramedics, physiotherapists, and respiratory therapists, can play a role in the effort to enhance patient outcomes for those infected with D

Anesthesia with Respiratory Therapist, Nursing and Radiology Team Participation in Dental Practice: Review

The use of general anesthesia can make it easier for dental professionals to treat patients who, in the absence of this therapy, would be unable to obtain dental care themselves. Furthermore, the readiology team and the respiratory therapist, in conjunction with the nursing staff, will work together to ensure that the dental operation is carried out in a comfortable and risk-free manner. According to the opinions and preferences of dental practitioners, the type of local anesthetic that was most generally desired was lidocaine. On the other hand, the type of topical anesthetic that was most preferred was benzocaine in gel form. Furthermore, among Saudi dentists, the precise body weight was the factor that was utilized the most frequently in the process of determining the dosage of local anesthesia

Pattern of Strabismus in Children and Adolescents in Hail, KSA

Background: Strabismus (Squint), abnormal ocular alignment could occur constantly or intermittently. Double vision, poor vision or abnormal head positioning may accompany it. A child with squint may stop using the affected eye. This can lead to visual loss, which can become permanent unless treated early in childhood. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of squint, types and treatment characteristics in the studied children and adolescents in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Hail city, Saudi Arabia. The study included 299 participants; 148 male and 151 female children and adolescents from 6 months to 19 years. The study period was from 1 January to 30 May 2018. Data collected by personal interview using a pre-designed questionnaire, which distributed among mothers of children and adolescents to be self-reported. Results: Squint found in 17.1% of the studied sample. Squint was right sided in 37.3% of the cases, left sided in also 37.3% and in both eyes in 25.5% of the studied cases. About half (47.1%) of cases had inward squint (esotropia) and 15.7% outward squint (exsotropia), 21.6% of the cases had Intermittent squint and 52.2% had permanent squint. In most (70.7%) of cases, squint affected the visual acuity. As regards treatment, 45.1% received medical treatment and 13.7% received surgical treatment. Only 19.6% of cases completely cured and 39.2% had recurrence. There was insignificant relation with sex, squint in parents, other hereditary diseases and consanguinity between parents (P>0.05). Conclusion: in this study, the prevalence of squint in the studied children and adolescents in Hail city, Saudi Arabia was 17.1%. No significant difference between males and females. After treatment, only 19.6% of cases completely cured and 39.2% had recurrence. Health education of the public about importance of early treatment is mandatory. Keywords: Squint; strabismus; prevalence; types; Hail; Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Critical Care Society practice guidelines on the management of COVID-19 in the ICU: Therapy section

BACKGROUND: The rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases during the subsequent waves in Saudi Arabia and other countries prompted the Saudi Critical Care Society (SCCS) to put together a panel of experts to issue evidence-based recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: The SCCS COVID-19 panel included 51 experts with expertise in critical care, respirology, infectious disease, epidemiology, emergency medicine, clinical pharmacy, nursing, respiratory therapy, methodology, and health policy. All members completed an electronic conflict of interest disclosure form. The panel addressed 9 questions that are related to the therapy of COVID-19 in the ICU. We identified relevant systematic reviews and clinical trials, then used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach as well as the evidence-to-decision framework (EtD) to assess the quality of evidence and generate recommendations. RESULTS: The SCCS COVID-19 panel issued 12 recommendations on pharmacotherapeutic interventions (immunomodulators, antiviral agents, and anticoagulants) for severe and critical COVID-19, of which 3 were strong recommendations and 9 were weak recommendations. CONCLUSION: The SCCS COVID-19 panel used the GRADE approach to formulate recommendations on therapy for COVID-19 in the ICU. The EtD framework allows adaptation of these recommendations in different contexts. The SCCS guideline committee will update recommendations as new evidence becomes available

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

In-Vitro and In-Vivo Antibacterial Effects of Frankincense Oil and Its Interaction with Some Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Frankincense (Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin) is reported to possess antimicrobial activity against several pathogens in-vitro. The antimicrobial effects of frankincense oil and its interaction with imipenem and gentamicin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa were determined through in-vitro methods and an in-vivo study using a rat pneumonia model. Frankincense oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the different volatile components. Antibacterial effects against MRSA and MDR-P. aeruginosa was evaluated and its MIC and MBC were determined. For the rat pneumonia model (in-vivo), oil was administered at a dose of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg followed by determination of CFU in lung tissue and histological studies. Frankincense oil did not show a very potent inhibitory effect against MRSA or MDR-P. aeruginosa; the oil did not affect the zone of inhibition or FIC when combined with imipenem or gentamicin indicating a lack of interaction between the oil and the antibiotics. Furthermore, there was no interaction between the antibiotics and the frankincense oil in the in-vivo model. The result of the study revealed that frankincense oil has a weak inhibitory effect against MRSA and MDR-P. aeruginosa, and it did not show any interaction with imipenem or gentamicin