Inhibition of allogeneic inflammatory responses by the Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors, Didox and Trimidox

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Graft-versus-host disease is the single most important obstacle facing successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Even with current immunosuppressive therapies, morbidity and mortality rates are high. Current therapies including cyclosporine A (CyA) and related compounds target IL-2 signaling. However, although these compounds offer great benefit, they are also associated with multiple toxicities. Therefore, new compounds with a greater efficacy and reduced toxicity are needed to enable us to overcome this hurdle.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a unique <it>ex vivo </it>method to study a drug's action on the initial events resulting in T-cell activation and proliferation, synonymous to the initial stages of tissue and organ destruction by T-cell responses in organ rejection and Graft-versus-host disease. Using this approach, we examined the effectiveness of two ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (RRI), Didox and Trimidox, to inhibit T-cell activation and proliferation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The compounds caused a marked reduction in the proliferative responses of T-cells, which is also accompanied by decreased secretion of cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-13, IL-10 and IL-4.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In conclusion, these data provide critical information to justify further investigation into the potential use of these compounds post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to alleviate graft-versus-host disease thereby achieving better outcomes.</p

Energy Balance Of Third Generation Bioethanol

Global greenhouse gas emissions are constantly increasing, despite the partial replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energies. The transport sector is responsible for almost 24% of direct CO2 emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels, generating greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need for a greater focus of international policies to encourage the production and the use of biofuels. Bioethanol is the most consumed biofuel in the world; it is produced by fermentation from materials rich in sugar (glucose, starch, cellulose). However, the controversy around the use of first and second generation have forced the transition to the third generation based on marine and freshwater algae; the latter have the advantage of being abundant, even invasive, easy to cultivate with good energy potential. This study proposes a life cycle analysis (LCA) of bioethanol production from the macro algae Ulva Lactuca, it was carried out after the introduction of several data into the SimPro8.1 software (e.g. quantity of water, consumed electricity, used chemicals) using the Impact 2002+ methodology. The results show a positive energy balance reflecting high-energy efficiency since the system produces about 1.44 times the energy consumed

Enhancement of indigenous microalgae culture using cheese whey as growth media for bioenergy and coproducts production

This study investigates the use of cheese whey to enhance the microalgae cultivation for bioenergy and coproducts in the framework of circular economy and pollution attenuation. A local isolated indigenous Chlorella vulgaris strain using a growth medium containing BG11 and cheese whey (BG11/CW) was used. Algae density, dry weight, organic carbon consumption, biochemical composition, fatty acid profile, Total pigments were investigated. The best growth is obtained in the BG11/CW culture media, with a dry biomass and cell density of 2.5 g/L, 6.5×107 Cells/ml, respectively. This represents 5 times the dry biomass obtained in the BG11medium (0.45 g/L, 1.68×107 cells/ml). Indigenous Chlorella vulgaris growth is favored by glycose availability after lactose degradation with a consumption of 62% on the 7th day. Pigments content was improved with an average value of 34.5 mg/gDW and 9 mg/mgDW for total chlorophylls and carotenoids, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris cultivation on BG11/CW has showed a high protein content with a value of 46%. Indigenous Chlorella vulgaris was able to accumulate a suitable lipid content that could reach 23%, which are rich in C16:00, C18:00, C18:1. This strain is a potential candidate for a sustainable bioenergy and coproducts that could contribute efficiently to promote the circular economy

Synthesis of NiO:V2O5 nanocomposite and its photocatalytic efficiency for methyl orange degradation

Vanadium oxide has been largely exploited as a catalyst in many industrial applications. In this article, we show the synthesis of vanadium oxide (V2O5): Nickel Oxide (NiO) composite using sol-gel method at optimum conditions. The composite nanomaterials were used to remove methyl orange from waste water via harnessing the photocatalytic activity of it which showed an excellent efficiency of removal at 88%, and 93% after the exposure to the light, and light with heating respectively. This will pave the way into further implementation of these nanomaterials in the removal of some other dyes and contaminants from wastewater

Indigenous microalgae strains characterization for a sustainable biodiesel production

International audienceMicroalgae have been widely recognized as a promising feedstock for sustainable biofuels production to tackle global warming and pollution issues related to fossil fuels uses. This study identified and analyzed indigenous microalgae strains for biodiesel production, specifically Chlorella vulgaris and Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina, from two distinct locations in Algeria. Molecular identification confirmed their identity, and the microalgae exhibited notable growth characteristics. Local Chlorella vulgaris and Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina showed a good growth and high biomass yield, compared to Chlorella vulgaris CCAP211/11B reaching a weight of 1.48 g/L, 1.95g/L and 2.10 g/L, respectively. Lipids content of local Chlorella vulgaris, Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina, and Chlorella vulgaris CCAP211/11B, were found to be 31.39 ± 3.3%, 17 ± 2.26%, and 19 ± 0.64%, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris stood out as a candidate for biodiesel production due to its equilibrium between SFA and PUFA (43.24% and 45.27%). FAs are predominated by SFA and MUFA for Coelastrella thermophila var. globulina with value of 81.49% (SFA+MUFA). Predicted biodiesel qualities are complying with ASTM6751 and EN14214 standards. Studied microalgae have therefore a promising potential for biodiesel production. However, optimising cultivation conditions is necessary to enhance biomass and lipids yield at large scale. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved