STABILIZATION POND FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

This research is concerned with study and check the suitability of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) for treating wastewater in Al-Dewaniyah province by taking a sample of community of 10000 population.Experimental work had three cases depending on many considerations such as economical and specification of final effluent. A model of two ponds (facultative and aerobic) in series was used as first case of experimental work. Then third pond with aeration process to aerobic pond were added to the series as second case to improve the effluent. At last, sand filter was used to polish the final effluent from aerobic pond.The three ponds had the same surface area (5.75m*2m) but with different depths, where it was 2m for anaerobic pond, 1.5m for facultative pond and 0.75m for aerobic pond. From the tests taken for the three cases, the results obtained for the last two cases were much better when compared with first case. Sand filter contributed in improving final effluent by decreasing total suspended solid (TSS) also in increasing removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). At the end, the results of this work could be an invitation to use waste stabilization pond for wastewater treatment in rural areas or even small communities but it may need more examinations to get best results

Performance of Concrete Containing Iron Fillings

تشكل المخلفات الصناعية الغير قابلة للتحلل البيولوجي خطرًا بيئيًا كبيرًا على الكائنات الحية ويتطلب التخلص منها بذل الجهد والوقت والمال. ومن بين العمليات الأكثر فائدة التي يمكن استغلال هذه المخلفات هي عملية إعادة تدويرها واستخدامها في المجالات الهندسية. برادة الحديد هي واحدة من المخلفات التي يمكن إعادة تدويرها واستخدامها في المجالات الهندسية. واحد من الاستخدامات هو استخدامها في عملية البناء. برادة الحديد هي قطع صغيرة من الحديد التي تبدو وكأنها مسحوق ناعم. وغالبا ماتستخدم في الاثباتات والبراهين العلمية لاضهار اتجاه المجال المغناطيسي. والغرض من هذا المشروع هو تقييم إمكانية استخدام برادة الحديد كأحد مكونات الخرسانة. تمت إضافة ثلاث نسب مؤية مختلفة من برادة الحديد إلى خليط الخرسانة لقياس التباين الذي يمكن ان يحدث في مقاومة الانضغاط والشد بعد 28 يومًا. تم اجراء واختبار 45 مكعب بأبعاد 150*150*150 مم والعتبات الموشورية بأبعاد 100*100* 400مم في هذه الدراسة باستخدام 0 ٪ (السيطرة)، 5 ٪، 10 ٪ و15 ٪ من برادة الحديد في خليط الخرسانة. Non-biodegradable wastes materials pose a significant environmental hazard to living organisms and their disposal requires effort, time and money. One of the most useful processes by which this waste can be exploited is the recycling process. Iron filings are one of the wastes materials that can be recycled and used in engineering fields. One of these is the use of the process in construction. Iron filings are very small pieces of iron that look like a light powder. They are very often used in science demonstrations to show the direction of a magnetic field. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the possibility of using iron filings as one of the component of concrete mix. Three different percentage of iron filings were added to concrete mix to measure the variation, which may be obtained in compression and tensile concrete strengths after 28 days. 45 of 150mm cubes and prisms of 100x100x400mm were performed and tested in this study using 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15% of iron filing in concrete mix

Assessment of the DesalinationEffect on ShatAl-Arab

The resource of the dulcet water decreasing on our plant. Obstacles and problems that face water resources are the pollution and increasing of industrial wastes because of the human activities, lack of water resources in a place is considered dryness on well as unacceptable quality and quantity. The effect of outstretch and tide in estuaries of rivers increase the concentration of the salt in surface water. The city of Basra suffers from the lack of water discharge and high concentration of salt , wastewater, and the salt wedge ascending from downstream of Shat al – Arab river. The water decrease in quantities due to the decrease of water discharge in Shat al –Arab river from 1300 m3 /s to 1000 m3 /s . Now the water discharge reaches less than 40 m3 /s by the end of 2015. Shat al – Arab river suffers from the shortage of incoming water from rivers, which cause increase of salinity. Proposals are made for resolving some of the questions

Rutile TiO2 films as electron transport layer in inverted organic solar cell

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by sol–gel spin coating method and deposited on ITO-coated glass substrates. The effects of different heat treatment annealing temperatures on the phase composition of TiO2 films and its effect on the optical band gap, morphological, structural as well as using these layers in P3HT:PCBM-based organic solar cell were examined. The results show the presence of rutile phases in the TiO2 films which were heat-treated for 2 h at different temperatures (200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 °C). The optical properties of the TiO2 films have altered by temperature with a slight decrease in the transmittance intensity in the visible region with increasing the temperature. The optical band gap values were found to be in the range of 3.28–3.59 eV for the forbidden direct electronic transition and 3.40–3.79 eV for the allowed direct transition. TiO2 layers were used as electron transport layer in inverted organic solar cells and resulted in a power conversion efficiency of 1.59% with short circuit current density of 6.64 mA cm−2 for TiO2 layer heat-treated at 600 °C

Gestational Age Estimation Based on Fetal Pelvimetry on Fetal Ultrasound in Iraqi Women

Ultrasound is an integral part of obstetric practice, and assessment of gestational age (GA) is a central element of obstetric ultrasonography. Sonographic estimation of GA is derived from calculations based on fetal measurements. Numerous equations for GA calculation from fetal biometry have been adopted in routine practice. This study reports a new method of estimating GA in the second and third trimester using interischial distance (IID), the distance between the two ischial primary ossification centers, on fetal ultrasound. Four hundred women with uncomplicated normal singleton pregnancies from 16 weeks to term were examined. Standard fetal obstetric ultrasound was done measuring biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) for each fetus. The IID, in millimeters, was correlated with the GA in weeks based upon the BPD and FL individually, and the BPD and FL together. Statistical analysis showed strong correlation between the IID and GA calculated from the FL with correlation coefficient (r =0.989, P \u3c 0.001). Strong linear correlation was also found between the IID and GA based upon BPD and BPD+FL. Further statistical analysis using regression equations also showed that the IID was slightly wider in female fetuses, but this difference was not statistically significant. Resulting from this analysis, we have arrived at an easy-to-use equation: GA Weeks = (IID mm + 8) ±1 week. We feel this method can be especially applicable in the developing world, where midwives may not have access to software for fetal biometry in their basic handheld ultrasound machines. Even more sophisticated machines may not come with loaded software for obstetrics analysis. There are several limitations to this study, discussed below. We recommend further studies correlating the IID with other biometric parameters

The effects of solvent treated PEDOT:PSS buffer layer in organic solar cells

Various treatments on the PEDOT:PSS films were carried out to investigate it’s influence on the conductivity, morphology, transmittance and the corresponding impact of the performance of the organic photovoltaic devices based on the PCPDTBT:PCBM and P3HT:PCBM blends. These processing including doping PEDOT:PSS with DMF and ME solvents and exposing these films to the vapor of DMF and ME solvents, separately. A considerable enhancement of the conductivity and transmittance of PEDOT:PSS was observed after doping solvent into the PEDOT;PSS solution followed by solvent treatment through exposing these films to solvents environment. The best organic PV doped devices based on either PCPDTBT:PCBM or based on P3HT:PCBM with power conversion efficiency were 2.93% compared to 1.87% for the pristine PV devices or 2.79% compared to 1.77% for the pristine devices, respectively. The conductivity improvement was highly influenced by solvent treatment

Cement Kilns Dust Management In Iraq

Hundred thousands tons of cement kiln dust (CKD) as well as other emissionsare generated annually from existing cement plants in Iraq with significanteconomic and environmental impacts. Therefore, an environmental sector planshould be adopted to scrub the emissions and sound management of CKD wasteleading to save resources and secure better environmental quality are called for.A survey was conducted and carried out covering all cement plants. Analysis ofdata collected has shown that the production capacity was significantly decreasedto about 38 % on the average of the designed capacity. The consumption of rawmaterials and fuel per unit production was increased by about 13 % and 23 %,respectively. The amount of generated CKD is found to be variable among thedifferent cement plants. It can be estimated that the generated CKD on the averageis about (8-33) % of the production output depending on the conditions of eachplant.This study serves to establish a factual basis to develop a convenientenvironmental management plan for the cement industry sector. This studyproposes an environmental mitigation and monitoring plan to address theenvironmental and social challenges to improve the environmental performance ofIraqi cement industry sector

Analysis of morphologic effects of polymeric semiconducting materials by Raman spectroscopy.

The organic electronics research field has greatly advanced in the last decades, already rendering materials able to compete with their inorganic counterparts. However, the final blossoming of this field is expected to come with the complete understanding and control of the charge transport parameters in organic materials. In polymeric semiconductors, tuning the film morphology and crystallinity has been found to be crucial for efficient charge transport in devices. In this sense, planar backbones with locked conformations induced by intramolecular interactions are good candidates for high performing polymers. Thus, being able to elucidate both ordered and disordered phases in semiconducting films has been proven to be of great interest. Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, noninvasive technique able to gather information on molecular and supramolecular levels, thus being really useful for this purpose. In this communication, optical spectroscopies and, in particular Raman spectroscopy, are used to analyze the impact of the gradual fluorination on the electronic properties of donor-acceptor polymers, demonstrating that the final performance is highly dependent on the building blocks in with the fluorine atoms are introduced.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on myocardial repolarization by measurement of QT variability Index

Background: Various abnormalities in myocardial repolarization assessed by QT variability index (QTVI) in diabetics are associated with high risk to ventricular arrhythmia. The increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality appears to relate to the synergism of hyperglycemia with dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity in addition to disturbed myocardial repolarization. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to estimate and evaluate an index of myocardial repolarization instability (QTVI) in patients with DM on insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs in comparison with healthy individuals. Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on fifty six (56), middle-aged patients with DM of either sex in addition to age-matched healthy subjects (32) served as control, during the period between December 2009 to January 2011 in Al-Kadhimya Hospital. 21 patients were on insulin therapy and 35 were on oral hypoglycemic drugs (OHD). Holter monitoring for 30 minutes was performed for each subject, and QTVI was calculated as the logarithm of the ratio between the variances of the normalized QT and RR intervals. Results: QTVI was significantly increased in patients with DM as compared with the control healthy subjects (−0.82± 0.56, −1.54± 0.27 respectively; P<0.01). However, QTVI did not differ significantly among patients on insulin or OHD treatment. Conclusion: the present study concludes an elevated QTVI in patients with DM when compared with that of control