The Financing Health System Problem in Algeria

The health sector in Algeria witnesses a great development, especially during the last two decades of the last century to coincide with the economic and social changes of the country. But despite the enormity of what the state spends on this sensitive sector in order to meet the growing demand for health services provided by the public or private sector, which, however, take advantage of these services was still below the required level where the sector remains vulnerable to various problems

Soil Moisture Contents as a Determining Factor Machinery Selection

       A simulation model to predict the daily fluctuations of soil moisture  content was developed using the Versatile Soil Moisture  Budget (VSMB) equation by employing pascal computer language.  The model was tested against actual  field data and showed fairly accurate results.  The correlation coefficient 0.99

Soil Moisture Content as a Determining Factor for Machinery Selection

By applying the soil moisture content (SMC) prediction model to the weather data for the period from 1981-1993, the suitable workdays were obtained. Testing these results from the Rahad Scheme data records showed high significance. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.99. show the effect of timeliness cost, a utilization factor (Ut) was determined by dividing the available working days by the total days. The utilization factor is then adjusted using a range of reliability from 30-80% depending on spare part availability and skilled labour. Further analysis were made to demonstrate the effect of workable days on the selection of implement width and cost using good, bad and average rainy seasons and different levels of reliabilities. It was found that the machine width was by the rainfall frequency

Reka bentuk untuk kestabilan struktur

Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu kandungan: kata penghantar, prakata, tatatanda, bab 1 tabii ketakstabilan, pengenalan, bab 2 ketakstabilan sesatah bagi tiang, pengenalan, lengkokan euler keseluruhan, tiang berhujung-cemat sempurna – pendekatan klasik, lengkungan awal dalam tiang berhujung-cemat tiang dikenakan beban sisi-tiang rasuk, tiang berbeban sipi, tegasan di dalam tiang bergeometri taksempurna, tegasan baki, tiang terpencil sebenar dan kod rekabentuk, keadaan hujung tiang, fungsi kestabilan, anggota prisma tanpa huyung, anggota prisma berhuyung, anggota tak-prisma, perembat, bibliografi, bab 3 lengkokan sisi bagi rasuk, pengenalan, piuhan keratan-i, lengkokan rasuk, runtuhan rasuk ‘nyata’, penggunaan teori lengkokan sisi terhadap rekabentuk rasuk, kesan dari momen tak-segaya, kegunaan faktor–m di dalam rekabentuk, kesan tahap pengenaan beban melintang, kesan dari keadaan sokong hujung, kelakuan rasuk selanjar, halangan sisi berkesan, rasuk jalur, kesan lengkokan tempatan, rasuk selain dari keratan-i seragam berbebibir-sama, bibliografi, bab 4 beban genting anjal bagi kerangka satah, pengenalan, kelakuan kerangka dan ketakstabilan kerangka, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja tanpa huyung: teknik corak momen, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja tanpa huyung: teknik santaian winter, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja tanpa huyung: teknik kerangka gantian bolton, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja tanpa huyung: portal terembat, pendekatan ‘agihan kekukuhan’ wood, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja huyung: fungsi tiada-ricih n dan o, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja huyung: teknik corak momen, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja huyung: teknik santaian winter, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja huyung: kaedah wood, beban genting anjal bagi kerangka kerja huyung: kaedah horne, beban genting anjal dan rekabentuk kerangka, bibliografi, lampiran serta indeks

Field characteristics and geochemistry of pyroxenite and gabbro from Odhimalai and Thenkalmalai hillocks of Bhavani ultramafic complex- South India

The present study includes documentation of detailed geological field characteristics, petrography and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks associated with Odhimalai and Thenkalmalai hills of Bhavani complex. The lithologies well exposed in these two hillocks including Dunite, Pyroxenite, Gabbro, displaying layered arrangement comprising (from basement upwards) dunite, peridotite, pyroxenite and anorthosite-gabbro.The geochemical signatures of the gabbro and pyroxenites show a significant variation in major and trace element concentration. The pyroxenites show SiO2 composition ranging from 49.6-55.5%, Al2O3 from 6-13.6%, MgO from 3.6-14.3%, CaO from 8.4-15.5% and TiO2 from 0.24-1.7% while average composition of SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO and TiO2 in gabbro varies (in %) from 49.9-58, 9.4-13, 7.4-13.1, 9-13.4 and 0.26-0.54 respectively.ÂÂ

Computer Aided Multi-Parameter Extraction System to Aid Early Detection of Skin Cancer Melanoma

Melanoma is the most widely occurring and life threatening form of skin cancer. Early detection of in situ melanoma has challenged researchers for many decades now. Currently there exists no computer aided mechanisms to accurately detect early melanoma. T he currently existing computer aided diagnostics mechanisms are capable of melanoma classification and are unable to detect in situ melanoma. This paper introduces a Multi Parameter Extraction and Classification System ( 푀푀푀푀푀 ) to aid early detection o f skin cancer melanoma. The 푀푀푀푀푀 defines the skin lesion images in terms of characteristic parameters which are further used for classification. In this paper the extraction of 21 parameters is achieved using a six phase approach. The parameters extr acted are analyzed using statistical methods. It is clear from the results obtained that no single parameter can affirm the detection of in situ melanoma, hence an advanced analysis mechanisms considering all the parameters need to be adopted to effective ly detect melanoma in its initial stages

Utilization of High Volume Fraction of Binary Combinations of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in the Production of Reactive Powder Concrete

The reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the special concrete types that characteristics with high cement content which means high production cost and CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Therefore, to enhance the environment as well as to develop green RPC, alternatives to cement, such as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were used. Limited studies addressed the use of a high volume fraction of SCMs as a binary combination in the production of RPC. Thus, this study aims to replace a high percentage of cement (50%) with binary combinations of silica fume (SF), type F fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK). The experimental program included two phases. In phase one, two groups (SF+FA and MK+FA) were cast without steel fibers. Based on group performance in the first phase, one group was chosen to be used with steel fibers in the second phase. The flow rate, compressive and flexural strengths, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity tests were conducted. The phase one results showed that SF+FA combination mixtures had better performance than MK+FA mixtures thus they were selected to be used in the second phase (with the addition of 1% volumetric fraction micro steel fibers). Results indicated that it is possible to produce sustainable RPC in which the cement can be replaced with 30% SF and 20% FA (the total replacement is 50%) in the presence of 1% steel fibers with a remarkable enhancement in compressive strength and flexural strength reached up to 44% and 10%, respectively

A review of developments in carbon dioxide storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been identified as an urgent, strategic and essential approach to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and mitigate the severe consequences of climate change. CO2 storage is the last step in the CCS chain and can be implemented mainly through oceanic and underground geological sequestration, and mineral carbonation. This review paper aims to provide state-of-the-art developments in CO2 storage. The review initially discussed the potential options for CO2 storage by highlighting the present status, current challenges and uncertainties associated with further deployment of established approaches (such as storage in saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs) and feasibility demonstration of relatively newer storage concepts (such as hydrate storage and CO2-based enhanced geothermal systems). The second part of the review outlined the critical criteria that are necessary for storage site selection, including geological, geothermal, geohazards, hydrodynamic, basin maturity, and economic, societal and environmental factors. In the third section, the focus was on identification of CO2 behaviour within the reservoir during and after injection, namely injection-induced seismicity, potential leakage pathways, and long-term containment complexities associated with CO2-brine-rock interaction. In addition, a detailed review on storage capacity estimation methods based on different geological media and trapping mechanisms was provided. Finally, an overview of major CO2 storage projects, including their overall outcomes, were outlined. This review indicates that although CO2 storage is a technically proven strategy, the discussed challenges need to be addressed in order to accelerate the deployment of the technology. In addition, beside the necessity of techno-economic aspects, public acceptance of CO2 storage plays a central role in technology deployment, and the current ethical mechanisms need to be further improved

Study and implementation of urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba islands) using an integrated multidisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that continues to be a major public health problem in many developing countries being responsible for an estimated burden of at least 1.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Africa alone. However, morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been greatly reduced in some parts of the world, including Zanzibar. The Zanzibar government is now committed to eliminate urogenital schistosomiasis. Over the next 3--5 years, the whole at-risk population will be administered praziquantel (40 mg/kg) biannually. Additionally, snail control and behaviour change interventions will be implemented in selected communities and the impact measured in a randomized intervention trial. METHODS: In this 5-year research study, on both Unguja and Pemba islands, urogenital schistosomiasis will be assessed in 45 communities with urine filtration and reagent strips in 4,500 schoolchildren aged 9--12 years annually, and in 4,500 first-year schoolchildren and 2,250 adults in years 1 and 5. Additionally, from first-year schoolchildren, a finger-prick blood sample will be collected and examined for Schistosoma haematobium infection biomarkers. Changes in prevalence and infection intensity will be assessed annually. Among the 45 communities, 15 were randomized for biannual snail control with niclosamide, in concordance with preventive chemotherapy campaigns. The reduction of Bulinus globosus snail populations and S. haematobium-infected snails will be investigated. In 15 other communities, interventions triggering behaviour change have been designed and will be implemented in collaboration with the community. A change in knowledge, attitudes and practices will be assessed annually through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with schoolchildren, teachers, parents and community leaders. In all 45 communities, changes in the health system, water and sanitation infrastructure will be annually tracked by standardized questionnaire-interviews with community leaders. Additional issues potentially impacting on study outcomes and all incurring costs will be monitored and recorded. DISCUSSION: Elimination of schistosomiasis has become a priority on the agenda of the Zanzibar government and the international community. Our study will contribute to identifying what, in addition to preventive chemotherapy, needs to be done to prevent, control, and ultimately eliminate schistosomiasis, and to draw lessons for current and future schistosomiasis elimination programmes in Africa and elsewhere.Trial registrationISRCTN4883768

Praziquantel coverage in schools and communities targeted for the elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional survey

© 2015 Knopp et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article