Vocabulary knowledge learning and reading comprehension performance: which one is superior - breadth or depth?

Reading has been and is a demanding task for foreign language learners. Correspondingly, vocabulary knowledge plays an extremely vital role in foreign language learning and numerous researchers have investigated the correlation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. However, research on breadth and depth of EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge and their mutual interactions is inadequate. Accordingly, the present paper intends to review the relationships between EFL students’ vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension and analyze whether breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge are correlated to each other. Having reviewed numerous studies in this regard, it was found that whereas both breadth and depth vocabulary knowledge have vital roles in EFL learners' reading comprehension performance, depth of vocabulary knowledge plays a more significant role. It was also found that depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge are positively correlated, that is, those learners who had large vocabulary size will have a deeper knowledge of the words, too.La lectura ha sido y es una tarea demandada para los aprendices de segundas lenguas. Igualmente, el aprendizaje de vocabulario juega un papel vital en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera y numerosos investigadores han establecido la correlación entre conocimiento del vocabulario y la comprensión lectora. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la amplitud y la profundidad en el conocimiento del vocabulario de aprendices de inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL – English as a Foreign Language) y sus interacciones mutuas es inadecuada. De manera similar, este artículo intenta revisar las relaciones entre el conocimiento del vocabulario de alumnado EFL y su comprensión lectora, así como analizar si la amplitud y la profundidad de dicho conocimiento de vocabulario están correlacionadas. Habiendo revisado numerosos estudios al respecto, encontramos que al tiempo que la profundidad y la amplitud en el conocimiento del vocabulario tienen papeles esenciales en la comprensión lectora de los aprendices EFL, la profundidad juega un papel más esencial, si cabe. También encontramos que la profundidad y la amplitud en el conocimiento del vocabulario están correlacionadas de manera positiva, es decir, aquel alumnado que mostraba un amplio conocimiento en el número de palabras, también mostraba un conocimiento más profundo de esas palabras

A Multi-Zone HVAC System for a Typical Building for MATLAB/SIMULINK Platform

Matlab/Simulink is known in a large number of fields as a powerful and modern simulation tool. In the field of building and HVAC simulation its use is also increasing. However, it is still believed to be a tool for small applications due to its graphical structure and not to fit well for the simulation of multi-zone buildings. This paper presents the development of a new multi-zone building model for Matlab/Simulink platform

Optimized designing of PID controller for variable speed wind turbine systems using PSO algorithm

The PID controller design is a very popular method for controlling industrial processes and due to its simple structure and effective operation; it is used in a wide range of industries. In this paper, a method is provided for setting up the PID controller and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to design a variable speed wind turbine system. The provided method has advantages such as easy implementation, stable convergence characteristics and high performance in computing. Finally the results are displayed

Good Clinical Practice in Children and Adolescents

Good clinical practice (GCP) is a series of systematically developed ethical and quality standard of designing, registering, running, recording, and reporting of the clinical trials. Good clinical practice is very important regarding the trials usually performed on the vulnerable populations especially children and adolescents. The sensitivity of the issue is even higher in the children with psychiatric disorders. Usually, these children have little legal protection. Hence, the safety of interventions and the ethical considerations are among the most important issues in this field. The purpose of this chapter is to deal with above problems and globally applicable standards for the conduct of clinical trials on the under legal age subjects especially those with psychiatric disorders. Selection of trial subjects, ethical principles, regulatory requirements, protection of trial subjects, monitoring (compliance with the protocol), responsibilities of the investigator, and other requirements to perform a clinically and ethically sound clinical trial in children and adolescents will be discussed in this chapter

A Multi-zone Hvac System for a Typical Building for Matlab/simulink Platform

Matlab/Simulink is known in a large number of fields as a powerful and modern simulation tool. In the field of building and HVAC simulation its use is also increasing. However, it is still believed to be a tool for small applications due to its graphical structure and not to fit well for the simulation of multi-zone buildings. This paper presents the development of a new multi-zone building model for Matlab/Simulink platform

Wolfram Syndrome presenting with optic atrophy and diabetes mellitus: two case reports

Wolfram syndrome is the constellation of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, known as DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness)

Predicting marital satisfaction on the basis of identity style, Tehran, Iran

Introduction: Marital satisfaction affected mental and physical health, life satisfaction, career success, and social communications, and is one the most important indices of life satisfaction. Among all the factors relating to the marriage, the marital adjustment has a special place in the study of marriage and family relationships. Identity development is conceptualized as a process beginning in adolescence and peaking in the early adulthood period during which one explores and commits to possibilities in interpersonal relationship. During this time, young adults are determining the importance of parental, marital, and career life roles. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between identity styles with marital satisfaction and identification of predicting factors on marital satisfaction centers of city councils of Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a correlational cross-sectional study. The population includes all couples referring to city councils in the 10th and 11th zones. Participants' duration of marriage was between 1 and 10 years. In this study, a total of 200 couples were selected using convenience cluster sampling, and the questionnaires were given and distributed to them in health homes, cultural centers of Tehran municipal. Tools of study were Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and Identity Style questionnaire. Questionnaires were collected and data were entered in SPSS software ver. 18 and analyzed. Descriptive tests, Pearson correlation test, and Multivariate Regression Test were used for description and analysis of data. Results: The mean age of samples in this study was 31.60 years old with standard deviation of 5.12 years (Ranged between 20- 44 years). Demographic data had normal distribution (P<0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis showed that there was significant relationship between the age of men and marital satisfaction (P= 0.01). Univariate Linear Model showed that there was no significant correlation between literacy (P=0.908) and occupation (P=0.629) with marital satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between marital satisfaction with normative and commitment styles (P<0.05) but there was no significant relation between this and informative and diffuse/avoidant styles (P>0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that only commitment style of identity can predict the marital satisfaction significantly