Analyzing the scientific interactions of Islamic Azad University in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences between 2010-2014

Abstract This studies aim is to analyze the scientific interactions of Islamic Azad University in the field of humanities and social sciences between 2010-2014. method:This study uses a co-occurrence analysis method in scientometrics as well as social network analysis to investigate the interactions governing scientific cooperation networks in the field of humanities and social sciences in Islamic Azad University. Results:the collaboration network in the field of humanities and social sciences in Islamic Azad University has the density of 0.004that Masoud Hashemi,Saeed Sadeghi and Akbar Mohammadi are the important and influential authors in collaboration network of researchers at the individual level in terms of the different indicators.Tehran University,Allameh Tabatabaei University,Tarbiat Modares University,Tarbiat Moalem University,Ferdowsi University and also University of Isfahan is one of the main colleagues of the Islamic Azad University in the field of humanities and social sciences, based on various indicators of network analysis Islamic Azad University collaborates on average with approximately 25 other countries in the production of its scientific outputs in this field. Malaysia, America, Britain are the main and important partners of the Islamic Azad University based on the different indicators of network analysis. Conclusion:The interaction and communications between the researchers is low and no many connections are formed between the authors of university in this field and accordingly the authors are so far away from each other for collaboration in the network. The Islamic Azad University has shaped scientific interactions in its scientific outputs with Iran\u27s top universities in the field of humanities and social sciences

Electroconvulsive therapy in single manic episodes: a case series

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of Bipolar I Disorder patients with a single manic episode. Method: In a retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of inpatients who had been admitted to treat a single manic episode of Bipolar I Disorder at Noor University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran between September 2004 and December 2008. Results: Out of a total of 275 single episode manic patients, 39 underwent ECT. Male/ female ratios were 19/20 (48.7% vs. 51.3%) for the ECT series and 137/99 (58% vs. 42%) for the exclusive pharmacological treatment series (p>0.05). Mean age of patients in the ECT series (23.64 ± 8.00) was significantly lower than the pharmacological treatment series (27.65± 11.30, p= 0.008). The mean length of stay (LOSs) for the ECT series (20.0± 7.90) was significantly higher than the other group (14.63± 9.84, p =0.001). The mean time to first administered ECT (tECT) was 4.35 ± 3.79. There was no significant difference between the mean LOSs of the pharmacologic treatment series and the mean “LOSs minus tECT“(LOS-tECT) variable (16.57±8.43) in the ECT series (p>0.05). The mean duration from the onset of the symptoms to time of admission was 19.22± 3.53 for the ECT series. Catatonia was the indication for application of ECT in one patient (2.6%), while 25 (64.10%) received ECT because of aggressive behavior. The proportion of patients administered chemical and physical restraints before ECT (77%) significantly dropped (7.7%) after ECT administration (

Analyzing the scientific interactions of Islamic Azad University in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences between 2010-2014

This studies aim is to analyze the scientific interactions of Islamic Azad University in the field of humanities and social sciences between 2010-2014. method:This study uses a co-occurrence analysis method in scientometrics as well as social network analysis to investigate the interactions governing scientific cooperation networks in the field of humanities and social sciences in Islamic Azad University. Results:the collaboration network in the field of humanities and social sciences in Islamic Azad University has the density of 0.004that Masoud Hashemi,Saeed Sadeghi and Akbar Mohammadi are the important and influential authors in collaboration network of researchers at the individual level in terms of the different indicators.Tehran University,Allameh Tabatabaei University,Tarbiat Modares University,Tarbiat Moalem University,Ferdowsi University and also University of Isfahan is one of the main colleagues of the Islamic Azad University in the field of humanities and social sciences, based on various indicators of network analysis Islamic Azad University collaborates on average with approximately 25 other countries in the production of its scientific outputs in this field. Malaysia, America, Britain are the main and important partners of the Islamic Azad University based on the different indicators of network analysis. Conclusion:The interaction and communications between the researchers is low and no many connections are formed between the authors of university in this field and accordingly the authors are so far away from each other for collaboration in the network. The Islamic Azad University has shaped scientific interactions in its scientific outputs with Iran\u27s top universities in the field of humanities and social sciences

Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against Uvarovistia zebra (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and Eurygaster integriceps (Heteroptera: Scutellaridae)

The potential for the control of insect pests by entomopathogenic fungi has been studied for decades, and Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana are the best known of these entomopathogenic fungi. In this study the pathogenicities of B. bassiana DEBI 001 and M. anisopliae 715C obtained from the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection were evaluated for the first time against a long-horned (tettigoniid) grasshopper Uvarovistia zebra. Uvarovistia zebra is a univoltine grasshopper, distributed on the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains in the north of Qazvin province in Iran. In some years, following good conditions for population growth, they can invade and damage field crops, and rangeland grass. Initially the efficacy of the two fungal isolates was assessed using topical application and ingestion. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory with field collected U. zebra to determine the effect of the fungi on food consumption by and mortality of the insect. Both fungi caused significant mortality of U. zebra by both contact and ingestion and both caused a significant reduction of food consumption and faeces production by the insects. The effect of fungal spore formulations in oil or water on lettuce discs was evaluated. Both oil and water formulations had lethal effects on U. zebra nymphs, but the spores formulated in oil on lettuce discs were more effective than those in water. Pathogenicity of the fungi was also evaluated against the Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory with different nymphal instars of E. integriceps to determine the relative susceptibility of nymphal instars and adults to the fungal isolates. Results showed that the fifth-instar nymph was the most susceptible with 60% and 46% mortality caused by B. bassiana and M. anisopliae respectively. The viability, mycelial growth and conidia production of the B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates preserved in different storage media were assessed. Assessments were done before and after storage to determine the extent of change and degeneration of the fungi caused by storage in PDA, distilled water, or sand. A significant decrease in germination of both fungal isolates was observed after 6 months storage in all media. Colony growth of the fungi preserved in sand and water media was significantly reduced after 6 month storage. There were no significant differences in conidia production before and after storage for B. bassiana preserved in PDA and sand and for M. anisopliae preserved in PDA. Virulence of the B. bassiana and M. anisopliae isolates was evaluated when they were passed through artificial media and through an insect host U. zebra. The fungi were subcultured in vitro subcultures and passaged in vivo to determine the possibility of changes in their virulence. The virulence of the fungi was measured using mortality monitored before subculturing in vitro, after subculturing in vitro and after passage in vivo. The virulence of both fungi reduced after the fourth subcultures in vitro, but this reduction was not quite significant for B. bassiana. Although there was no significant enhancement in virulence of the fungi passaged through the insect, the virulence of fungi was increased. The pathogenicities of the isolates of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were not unexpected, but the demonstration that tettigoniid species are susceptible to entomopathogenic fungi is novel. The isolates tested have potential for use in management programmes against Uvarovistia zebra and other pests, such as Eurygaster integriceps. Further work is now required to identify more virulent strains of the fungi, examine methods for mass production and finding the best formulation for application of these entomopathogenic fungi.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Identifying components of international social cataloging sites to present criteria for native model

Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide criteria for native model of social cataloging sites based on the world\u27s most visited, popular social cataloging site\u27s components. Social cataloging sites are a kind of web-based social media that allows users to interact. This is an applied research and the research method is library and descriptive scrolling. First, by reviewing the scientific literature and resources, a list consists of 14 criteria which included 73 extracted components, then finalized in Delphi and evaluated was used. The community studied also includes three social cataloging sites, which have the most visitors on the Alexa ranking. The results of this study showed that the total score for the fourteen criteria considered in this study was173/31points. The average of observance of criteria in all social cataloging sites(58.10%)is above the average and is in a favorable situation. Goodreads ranked first among the sites listed in the study list with 46 points(63.01%).after that LT is ranked second by the score of45points(61.64%) and anobi reached third rank with36.25points(49.65). All of the components examined in this study are important and the search facilities with an average of 9.70have the highest importance and error messages with an average of9.24are ranked second

Fast food consumption and overweight/obesity prevalence in students and its association with general and abdominal obesity

Background: Nowadays, the prevalence of both fast food consumption and overweight/obesity has been increased. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of fast food consumption and to assess its association with abdominal and general obesity.Study design: A cross-sectional study. Method: Three hundred students were selected from two largest universities in Qom, center of Iran, studying in medical and basic sciences fields in 2015. Data collection was conducted by a modified version of NELSON’ fast food questionnaire and anthropometric measures including Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Chi-square, independent t-test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: According to our results, 72.4% (67.4% in females vs. 80.7% in males) had at least one type of fast food consumption in the recent month including sandwich 44.4%, Pizza 39.7%, and fried chicken 13.8%,. The obesity prevalence based on BMI and WHR was 21.3% (95% CI: 19.4, 23.2%) and 33.2% (95% CI: 30.7, 35.7), respectively. Fast food consumption was related to abdominal obesity as WHR (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.26), but was not related to general obesity as BMI (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.52).Conclusion: The prevalence of fast food consumption and obesity/overweight in Iranian student is high. Fast food consumption was associated with abdominal obesity based WHR, but did not related to general obesity based on BMI.

Seasonal Variation in Exposure Level of Types A and B Ultraviolet Radiation: An Environmental Skin Carcinogen

Background: The main source of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, affecting organs such as the skin, eyes, and immune system. According to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) reports, the amount of UVR reaching the Earth’s surface is increasing yearly and is responsible for an increase in solar radiation‑related diseases. Aims: To investigate the amount of UVR reaching the Earth’s surface and understand the risk of UVR on disease among outdoor laborers in one of the central provinces of Iran.Materials and Methods: Arak city was divided into two geographic areas, and the weekly measurement of UVR was done in three locations) asphalt, grass and rooftop). To measure UVR, Hanger UV spectrometer, standard deviation (SD8‑A), and SD8‑B detectors were used. Amounts of UVR for a consecutive year and varying weather conditions were measured. Finally, values obtained were compared to ACGIH standards. Results: The minimum and maximum levels of UV type A radiation occurred in April 1.27 (0.724) W/m2 and September 7.147 (4.128) W/m2, these figures for UV type B were in March–April 0.005 (0.003) and September 0.083 (0.077). The maximum UVR is received between 11 and 15 o’clock.Conclusions: In the central cities of Iran, the minimum and maximum UV type A and B is received in March–April and in September, respectively. Based on the results, the angular position of the sun in the sky, cloud cover, and height from ground level affected the amount of UVR received, but the geographic locations studied did not.  Keywords: Outdoor Job, Skin Cancer, Carcinogen, Ultraviolet radiation, Ultraviolet A, Ultraviolet B, Ira

Dyslipidemia Prevalence in Iranian Adult Men: The Impact of Population-Based Screening on the Detection of Undiagnosed Patients

Purpose: Dyslipidemia has been established as one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Due to the higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in males, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iranian urban men. Materials and Methods: A screening program was conducted in 845 Iranian men 25 years of age and older in 2014. A health interview survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported dyslipidemia and to collect demographic data, as well as serum lipid profile screening by a reference laboratory. Lipoprotein levels was categorized based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test and analysis of variance. Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 51.8%, and the prevalence of various forms of dyslipidemia was as follows: hypercholesterolemia (>= 240 mg/dL), 11.4%; hyper-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (>= 160 mg/dL), 9.6%; hypertriglyceridemia (>= 200 mg/dL), 25%; and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), 34.3%. With the exception of hypo-HDL, all forms of dyslipidemia were significantly less common in men over 65 years of age ( p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypo-HDL and hypertriglyceridemia was higher than expected in Iranian adult men, with half of men 25 years of age and older affected by at least one form of dyslipidemia. A large gap in primary and secondary care was observed, because nearly 80% of patients with dyslipidemia were unaware of their status. Urgent preventive programs and lifestyle changes are necessary to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors

The Association between Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms and Hepatitis B Virus: Evidence in Iran

Background and Aim: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human carcinogenesis agent. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10 gene promoter are correlated with infections caused by HBV. This research intended to assess the prevalence and genotype of HBV as well as the association between the polymorphisms of -819 and -1082 in the IL-10 gene with HBV in individuals with HBV infection in Qom Province, Iran Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 360&nbsp;individuals with chronic HBV infection and control group were involved between July&nbsp;2018 and March&nbsp;2019. HBV diagnosis was evaluated using ELISA and nested PCR assays. To determine polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter in HBV positive and control samples, an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction technique was employed. Results: The constructed phylogenetic trees for the HBsAg gene revealed that all sequences under study belong to genotype D and also, the majority of HBV samples presented similar sequences to the Iranian samples. Genotype frequencies of TT, TC and CC (polymorphism -819) were 82.2%, 11.6% and 6.1% for patients and 85%, 10.5% and 4.4% in control groups, respectively. Also, frequency of genotypes of AA, AG and GG (polymorphism -1082) were 45%, 43.8% and 11.1% for patients and 42.2%, 46.1% and 11.6% in control groups, respectively. Conclusion: Here, we found no association among IL-10 gene polymorphisms in control and HBV-infected groups. However, more studies about the frequency of chronic HBV infection are necessary to be conducted. *Corresponding Author: Mohsen Zargar; Email: [email protected] Interleukins-10 Gene Polymorphism and Hepatitis B Virus: Evidence in Iran. Arch Med Lab Sci. 2021;7:1-7 (e7). https://doi.org/10.22037/amls.v7.3355

Impacts of osteoporosis on quality of life in elderly women

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis, the most common pathological cause of skeletal weakening and the most common metabolic bone disease, is caused by loss of bone mass density (BMD). Fractures due to osteoporosis will worsen life, increase pain, and decrease quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the impact of osteoporosis on quality of life among elderly women. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 275 postmenopausal women (age: 50-70 years) who were referred to the Namazi Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) were included. BMD was measured according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Women with BMD &lt; -2.5 standard deviation (SD) of the average value in young adults were defined as osteoporosis cases. Women with BMD &gt; 1 SD of the average value were defined as normal cases. Quality of life was measured by Qualeffo-41 Questionnaire and reported on a scale of 100. Data was analyzed in SPSS and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The mean quality of life score was 25.5 ± 11.7. According to the definition by the WHO, 70.2% of the participants were affected with osteoporosis. Only 22.3% of osteoporotic women and 30.5% of normal subjects had good quality of life. A significant statistical difference was observed between osteoporotic and normal postmenopausal women in social activities. Overweight and low education were predictors of poor quality of life in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The imposed financial burden and complications of osteoporosis can affect the patients’ quality of life. Health education regarding nutritional behaviors and social activities at adolescence are helpful interventions for decreasing the prevalence of the disease. Since osteoporosis has a gradual, outward, and asymptomatic trend, more attention needs to be paid to preventive and screening programs