Dual commutative hyper-K-idelas of type 1 in hyper K-algebras of order 3

In this note we classify the bounded hyper K-algebras of order 3, which have D1 = {1}, D2 = {1, 2} and D3 = {0, 1} as a dual commutative hyper K-ideal of type 1. In this regard we show that there are such non-isomorphic bounded hyper K-algebras

Promjene u sastavu proteina u mišiću stražnje lože (biceps femoris) iranske jednogrbe deve i njihov utjecaj na kakvoću mesa

In this study physicochemical and quality traits of biceps femoris and longissimus thoracis muscles of male and female Iranian one-humped camel were determined during 14 days of refrigeration storage. Analysis of variance of the results showed that only shear force and temperature were affected by the gender (p<0.05). Anatomical location of the muscle influenced the meat properties except for drip loss (p<0.05). Also, except for cooking loss, ageing influenced the physicochemical and quality properties of meat; during 14 days of storage, proteolysis resulted in an increase of L* and b* values, drip loss and myofibrillar fragmentation index, and the decrease of a* value, expressed juice, shear force and sarcomere length. Proteome changes (myofi brillar proteins) during storage were investigated. Gel analysis revealed that 19 protein spots were signifi cantly changed during 24, 72 and 168 h post-mortem. Fifteen spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations of actin, troponin T, capping protein, heat shock proteins (HSP) and desmin with physicochemical and quality properties of meat (p<0.05). Actin might be a potential protein marker for colour, tenderness and water-holding capacity, and HSP27 and desmin are good candidate markers for colour and tenderness, respectively.U ovom su radu određena fizikalno-kemijska svojstva i kakvoća mišića stražnje lože (biceps femoris) i uzdužnog grudnog mišića (longissimus thoracis) muške i ženske iranske jednogrbe deve tijekom 14 dana skladištenja u hladnjaku. Analiza je varijance pokazala da spol deve utječe jedino na silu presijecanja prsnih mišića i temperaturu mesa (p˂0.05). Anatomska lokacija mišića utjecala je na svojstva mesa, osim na iscjedni gubitak (p˂0.05). Starost je deve utjecala na fizikalno-kemijska svojstva (osim na gubitak prilikom kuhanja mesa) i kakvoću mesa. Tijekom 14 dana skladištenja zbog proteolize je došlo do povećanja vrijednosti parametara boje L* i b*, iscjednog gubitka i indeksa fragmentacije miofibrila, te do smanjenja vrijednosti parametra boje a*, mesnog soka, sile presijecanja prsnih mišića i duljine sarkomera. Pomoću proteomske metode ispitane su promjene u udjelu miofibrilarnih proteina tijekom skladištenja. Analiza gela otkrila je 19 bitno izmijenjenih elektroforetskih točaka proteina 24, 72 i 168 h post mortem. Pomoću MALDI-TOF-TOF masenog spektrometra identificirano je 15 elektroforetskih točaka. Analizom su otkrivene značajne korelacije između udjela aktina, troponina T, F-aktina, proteina toplinskog stresa te dezmina i kakvoće mesa (p˂0.05). Aktin bi se mogao upotrijebiti kao proteinski marker za boju, mekoću i sposobnost zadržavanja vode u mesu, protein toplinskog stresa HSP27 kao marker za boju, a dezmin za mekoću mesa

A New Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Selenium in Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Preparations after Preconcentration with Cloud Point Extraction

A simple, rapid, and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of selenium (IV) was described. In this method, all selenium spices reduced to selenium (IV) using 6 M HCl. Cloud point extraction was applied as a preconcentration method for spectrophotometric determination of selenium (IV) in aqueous solution. The proposed method is based on the complexation of Selenium (IV) with dithizone at pH < 1 in micellar medium (Triton X-100). After complexation with dithizone, the analyte was quantitatively extracted to the surfactant-rich phase by centrifugation and diluted to 5 mL with methanol. Since the absorption maxima of the complex (424 nm) and dithizone (434 nm) overlap, hence, the corrected absorbance, Acorr, was used to overcome the problem. With regard to the preconcentration, the tested parameters were the pH of the extraction, the concentration of the surfactant, the concentration of dithizone, and equilibration temperature and time. The detection limit is 4.4 ng mL−1; the relative standard deviation for six replicate measurements is 2.18% for 50 ng mL−1 of selenium. The procedure was applied successfully to the determination of selenium in two kinds of pharmaceutical samples

New directions in general fuzzy automata: a dynamic-logical view

In the current study, by a general fuzzy automaton we aim at showing a set of propositions related to a given automaton showing that the truth-values are depended on thestates, inputs and membership values of active states at time t. This new approach enables us to consider automata from a different point of view which is more close to logical treatment and helps us make estimations about the behavior of automaton particularly in a nondeterministic mode. The logic consists of propositions on the given GFA and its dynamic nature is stated by means of the so-called transition functor. This logic enables us to derive a certain relation on the set of states labeled by inputs. In fact, it is shown that if our set of propositions is large enough, this recovering of the transition relation is possible. Through a synthesis in the theory of systems, this study contributes to construct a general fuzzy automaton which realizes a dynamic process at least partially known to the user, which has been fully achieved in Theorem 3.6. Also, we study the theory of general fuzzy automata by using the concepts of operators. Such operators help us in the algebraic study of general fuzzy automata theory and provide a platform to use fuzzy topological therein. Further, a Galois connection is obtained between the state-transition relation on states and thetransition operators on propositions. To illustrate the proposed approach, the subject matter is more elaborated in detail through examples

Evaluation of the Frequency of the IL-28 Polymorphism (rs8099917) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Using Zip Nucleic Acid Probes, Kerman, Southeast of Iran

Polymorphisms in the region of the interleukin IL-28 gene on chromosome 19 have been related with clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major human pathogen responsible for chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. About 3% of the world’s population is infected with HCV. The long-term response to therapy is influenced by many host and viral factors, and recent evidence has indicated that some host genetic polymorphisms related to IL-28 are the most powerful predictors of virological response in patients with HCV. This study assessed frequency of the IL-28 polymorphism (rs8099917) in 50 patients (39 men and 11 women ) with chronic hepatitis C using ZNA probe real time PCR new method . All patients were tested for genotype of HCV and the HCV viral load. In parallel, the levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALK enzymes were assessed. Treatment using Peg-interferon alpha with ribavirin was conducted for patients and subsequently samples were collected to detect any change in viral load or liver enzyme rates. The overall frequency of the TT allele is 74%, TG allele 20% and GG allele 6% and the percent of patients who had T allele was 84%. Clear reduction in viral load and liver enzymes was reported in patients with the T allele. Especially for genotype 1 which is relatively resistant to treatment, these alleles may have a role in this decline. In conclusion, we showed that IL-28 polymorphism rs8099917 strongly predicts virological response in HCV infection and that real-time PCR with Zip nucleic acid probes is a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method for detection of SNPs which will be essential for monitoring patients undergoing antiviral therapy

The relationship of myocardial and liver T2* values with cardiac function and laboratory findings in transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients: A retrospective cardiac MRI study

Introduction: Cardiac complications are the leading cause of death in thalassemia patients. It is assumed that progressive iron accumulation results in myocyte damage. Myocardial T2* measurement by cardiac MRI quantifies iron overload. We aimed to study the association between left and right ventricular (LV and RV) function and iron deposition estimation by cardiac MRI T2* in a sample of Iranian patients. Methods: Cardiac MRI exams of 118 transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients were evaluated retrospectively. Biventricular function and volume and myocardial and liver T2* values were measured. The demographic and lab data were registered. Poisson and chi-square regression analyses investigated the correlation between the T2* value and ventricular dysfunction. Results: The study participants’ mean (SD) age was 32.7y (9.02), and 47.46% were female. Forty-nine cases (41.52%) revealed at least uni-ventricular dysfunction. LV dysfunction was noted in 20 cases, whereas 47 patients revealed RV dysfunction. The risk of LV dysfunction was 5.3-fold higher in patients with cardiac T2* value less than 10msec (RR=5.3, 95% CI=1.6, 17.1, P<0.05). No association was found between age, liver T2* value, serum ferritin level, and chelation therapy with the risk of LV and RV dysfunction. Conclusion: Cardiac MRI T2* measure is a good indicator of LV dysfunction. Moreover, MRI parameters, especially RV functional measures, may have a substantial role in patient management. Therefore, cardiac MRI should be included in beta-thalassemia patients’ management strategies

Levels of Blood Biomarkers among Patients with Myocardial Infarction in Comparison to Control Group

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction (MI) as a term for a heart attack happens due to reduced blood flow to heart myocardium and lack of oxygen supply caused by plaques inthe interior walls of coronary arteries. With respect to the importance of MI etiology, we aimed to study the relationship of MI and blood examination variables.METHODS: This study was conducted in Mazandaran Heart Center as a hospital-based case-control Comprising 894 participants including 465 cases and 429 controls, individually matched by sex and age. Considered blood markers were analyzed using routine laboratory methods and equipment.RESULTS: Of all participants, 64.3% of the cases and 51.0% of the controls were males with a mean age of 61.2 (±13.8) in cases and 62.4 (±14.) in controls. We could not find any differences between cases and controls for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) (P&gt;0.05). However, levels of creatine-kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB) (P&lt;0.0001), fasting-blood-sugar (FBS) (P&lt;0.0001), aspartateaminotransferase (AST) (P&lt;0.0001), alanine-transferase (ALT) (P&lt;0.0001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P=0.001) were significantly higher in cases compared to the controls (P&lt;0.05). Multivariable analyses revealed that the risk of MI was associated with high levels of AST (adjusted OR=24.3, 95%CI=3.5±165.6, P=0.001) and LDL (adjusted OR=7.4, 95%CI=1.0±51.8, P=0.001).CONCLUSION: Our investigation indicated that the levels of CK-MB, FBS, AST, ALT and ESR were significantly higher in patients with MI. Besides, our findings showed that the risk of MI in cases with high levels of AST and LDL was about 24 and 7 times more than the control group respectively

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed