Effects of Neurodevelopmental Therapy on Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy

How to Cite This Article: labaf S, Shamsoddini A, Hollisaz MT, Sobhani V, Shakibaee A . Effects of Neurodevelopmental Therapy on Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2015;9(1):37-42.AbstractObjectiveNeurodevelopmental treatments are an advanced therapeutic approach practiced by experienced occupational therapists for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. The primary challenge in children with cerebral palsy is gross motor dysfunction. We studied the effects of neurodevelopmental therapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.Materials & MethodsIn a quasi-experimental design, 28 children with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into two groups. Neurodevelopmental therapy was given to a first group (n=15) with a mean age of 4.9 years; and a second group with a mean age 4.4 years (n=13) who were the control group. All children were evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Measure. Treatments were scheduled for three - one-hour sessions per week for 3 months.ResultsWe obtained statistically significant differences in the values between the baseline and post treatment in two groups. The groups were significantly different in laying and rolling (P=0.000), sitting (0.002), crawling and kneeling (0.004), and standing abilities (P=0.005). However, there were no significantdifferences in walking, running, and jumping abilities between the two groups (0.090).ConclusionWe concluded that the neurodevelopmental treatment improved gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy in four dimensions (laying and rolling, sitting, crawling and kneeling, and standing). However, walking, running, and jumping did not improve significantly

Influence of mycorrhizal fungi and biochar on nitrogen use efficiency correlated with yield and yield components of wheat

Mycorrhizal symbiosis increases mineral nutrient uptake, especially when nitrogen applies to the fields together with biochar. To evaluate the influence of the biochar application and different levels of nitrogen on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), yield and yield components of wheat associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) A factorial experiment with in randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented for two years (2016-2018). The experimental factors included nitrogen at four levels (urea source with 46% nitrogen) 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N/ha, Rhizophagus Irregularis inoculum at two levels (without and with application), and biochar at three levels 0, 4 and 8 ton/ha. The results demonstrated that plant inoculated with mycorrhiza inoculum combined with 4 ton/ha of biochar showed a significant increase in, root colonization (8%). The application of will be This study proves that application of 100 kg N/ha with an amount of 4 ton/ha of biochar and AMF inoculationhas a useful and effective role in the enhancement of growth and yieldof wheat

The Effectiveness Investigation of New Retrofitting Techniques for RC Frame against Progressive Collapse

Progressive collapse in a building has caused local and subsequent damage throughout the system to spread and large-scale causes the collapse of the entire building. Progressive collapse is usually due to fire, gas explosion, terrorist attack, vehicle collisions, misplaced design and construction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the iMPact of this phenomenon and rebuild the building against it. Based on this, in this research, we will examine and evaluate practical solutions for reinforcing reinforced concrete frames against progressive collapse. The proposed solutions in this study were the use of reinforcing bars at the top and bottom of the beam, the effect of the layout of the cross section reinforcement for the participation in the chain performance, the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheet at the bottom and three sides of the beam and the effect of the additional layer of CFRP sheet in the section performance of the beam against progressive collapse. In this study, a 2-story frame is modeled using OpenSees software and retrofitted with the above techniques, and the effectiveness of each of these techniques is evaluated in the final performance. The results show that the best approach to reinforcing the beam is by rebar and CFRP, which has resulted in improved chain performance and the greatest reduction of vertical displacement in the beam

A Novel Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization and Sine Cosine Algorithm for Seismic Optimization of Retaining Structures

This study introduces an effective hybrid optimization algorithm, namely Particle Swarm Sine Cosine Algorithm (PSSCA) for numerical function optimization and automating optimum design of retaining structures under seismic loads. The new algorithm employs the dynamic behavior of sine and cosine functions in the velocity updating operation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve faster convergence and better accuracy of final solution without getting trapped in local minima. The proposed algorithm is tested over a set of 16 benchmark functions and the results are compared with other well-known algorithms in the field of optimization. For seismic optimization of retaining structure, Mononobe-Okabe method is employed for dynamic loading condition and total construction cost of the structure is considered as the objective function. Finally, optimization of two retaining structures under static and seismic loading are considered from the literature. As results demonstrate, the PSSCA is superior and it could generate better optimal solutions compared with other competitive algorithms

Investigando o nível do estranho (Shathi) nos ensinamentos de Bahá'u'lvalad

The wordless of the mystical experience makes the mystics and Sufis, through the use of secrets and parables, to express non-existent facts beyond the wisdom, mystics believe that the form (appearance) can not show secrets and meanings of mystic. In this regard, Sultan El- Olama Baha'ulvalad, like other mystics, wants to express his mystical experiences to others, but the interpretation and description of these experiences can not be expressed in ordinary language, but the mystic does not have a tool other than language to refer to these mystical states, or must be secrets and mysteries or must say by language, in this way raises the temptation to express or not the mystical secrets by odd mysticism .Baha'ulvalad presents his mystical experiences according to the rules of the language, and this expressiveness leads to the creation of a odds (Shatifi) in his mystical language.Los sin palabras de la experiencia mística hacen que los místicos y sufíes, a través del uso de secretos y parábolas, expresen hechos inexistentes más allá de la sabiduría, los místicos creen que la forma (apariencia) no puede mostrar secretos y significados de místicos. En este sentido, el sultán El-Olama Bahá'ulvalad, como otros místicos, quiere expresar sus experiencias místicas a otros, pero la interpretación y descripción de estas experiencias no puede expresarse en un lenguaje común, pero el místico no tiene otra herramienta. que el lenguaje para referirse a estos estados místicos, o debe ser secretos y misterios o debe decirse por el lenguaje, de esta manera aumenta la tentación de expresar o no los secretos místicos por extraño misticismo. Baha'ulvalad presenta sus experiencias místicas de acuerdo con las reglas del lenguaje, y esta expresividad conduce a la creación de una probabilidad (Shatifi) en su lenguaje místico.O sem palavras da experiência mística faz com que os místicos e sufis, através do uso de segredos e parábolas, expressem fatos inexistentes além da sabedoria, místicos acreditam que a forma (aparência) não pode mostrar segredos e significados do místico. A este respeito, o sultão El-Olama Baha'ulvalad, como outros místicos, quer expressar suas experiências místicas a outros, mas a interpretação e a descrição dessas experiências não podem ser expressas em linguagem comum, mas o místico não tem outra ferramenta do que a linguagem para se referir a esses estados místicos, ou deve ser segredos e mistérios, ou deve dizer, pela linguagem, dessa forma, suscita a tentação de expressar ou não os segredos místicos pelo misticismo estranho. Baha'ulvalad apresenta suas experiências místicas de acordo com as regras da linguagem, e essa expressividade leva à criação de uma probabilidade (Shatifi) em sua linguagem mística.&nbsp

Bilateral parapelvic cysts that mimic hydronephrosis in two imaging modalities: a case report

Parapelvic cysts are uncommon conditions that are usually found during autopsy. Their ultrasonographic appearance is similar to hydronephrosis. We report the case of a 46-year-old female with a 4-year history of vague flank pain and a previous history of bilateral moderate hydronephrosis. The patient was investigated by ultrasonography and non-enhanced CT scan, and finally diagnosed as bilateral parapelvic cysts by a contrast-enhanced CT scan. For any patient with hydronephrosis detected by sonography, the possibility of parapelvic cysts should be kept in mind, especially if no underlying cause is detected and other routine imaging is inconsistent with hydronephrosis. In such circumstances a CT scan with contrast enhancement should not be refused, and relying on sonographic signs, previously mentioned in literatures, can be misleading

Comparison of Lumbopelvic and Hip Movement Patterns During Passive Hip External Rotation in Two Groups of Low Back Pain Patients with and without Rotational Demand Activities.

BACKGROUND Because different groups of people with low back pain (LBP) engage in different tasks, their lumbopelvic-hip complex may move in different ways in those groups. The purpose of this study was to quantify the differences in lumbopelvic movement pattern during the passive hip external rotation (PHER) test in LBP patients with and without rotational demand activities (RDA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 30 subjects with LBP, including 15 patients with-RDA and 15 patients without-RDA were enrolled. A passive hip external rotation test was performed. Pelvic and hip rotation over the full range of the test, timing of hip and pelvic motion, and pelvic rotation in the first half of the movement were measured using a 3-D motion analysis system. RESULTS Passive pelvic rotation during the test in the group with RDA was significantly greater than in the other group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in other kinematic variables, including hip external rotation, timing of hip and pelvic motion and pelvic rotation in the first half of the movement (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 1. A greater lumbopelvic rotation ROM during the PHER existed in LBP patients who regularly participated in RDA. 2. Different groups of patients with LBP who engage in different specific activities may have a specific lumbopelvic movement pattern impairment. Therefore, each group of LBP patients in regard to their specific activities may need a different, specific plan of treatment